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Query: UMLS:C0019079 (hemoptysis)
 6,129 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Voice production is a complex process that involves more than one system, yet most causes of dysphonia are attributed to disturbances in the laryngeal structures and little attention is paid to extralaryngeal factors. Persistent dysphonia after general anesthesia is a challenge to both anesthesiologists and otolaryngologists. The etiology is often multivariable and necessitates a team approach for proper diagnosis. Laryngeal symptoms are subdivided into phonatory disturbances and airway related complaints. When they become persistent for more than 72 hours or are coupled with airway symptoms such as hemoptysis, stridor, dyspnea or aspiration, the anesthesiologist should suspect injury to the vocal folds or cricoarytenoid joints. Here-below, the laryngeal manifestations of endotracheal intubation and the pathophysiology of vocal fold scarring are discussed.
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PMID:Persistant dysphonia following endotracheal intubation. 1751 Nov 79

Although cryosurgery has been shown to be effective in managing advanced malignant bronchial tumours, there is very little in the literature describing its use with benign lesions. In this study, we retrospectively assessed the effectiveness of cryosurgery in the management of non-malignant endobronchial lesions. Between 1995 and 1999, 20 patients with benign tumours and non-neoplastic lesions of the tracheo-bronchial tree were treated with endobronchial cryosurgery. The procedures were performed under general anaesthesia, using specifically designed cryoprobes. The patients were assessed clinically, radiologically and by respiratory function tests before and after each cryotreatment. Over the 5-year period, each patient received a mean 2.6 (range 1-9) cryo-applications, with no peri-operative deaths. All patients described a subjective improvement in at least one of their symptoms (cough, haemoptysis, stridor, chest pain or dyspnoea) following cryosurgery and 75% of patients improved in all symptoms. Following surgery, both forced expiratory volume in 1 s (2.23+/-0.27 vs. 1.98+/-0.25 l, P<0.05) and forced vital capacity (2.86+/-0.33 vs. 2.62+/-0.30 l, P<0.01) improved significantly. In conclusion, cryosurgery can provide effective symptomatic control in patients with non-malignant endobronchial lesions, the majority of whom are discharged on the day of surgery. It affords an easy to perform, safe procedure, which should be considered for patients with benign endobronchial lesions.
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PMID:Cryosurgery for the treatment of benign tracheo-bronchial lesions. 1767 Mar 7

The granular cell tumor (GCT) is an uncommon neoplasm, with slow progression, usually benign, that can be found in any organ. The most common region for GCT involvement is in the head and neck. Laryngeal involvement is uncommon and accounts for 6 to 10% of all cases reported. Among the major theories of origin and based on the strongest evidence, the most accepted one is that the tumor stems from neuronal tissue. The GCT has a higher incidence in African-descendent patients, and most commonly in their 4th and 6th decades of life. The posterior larynx is the most common laryngeal site. Pediatric laryngeal GCT is rare, anterior subglottis involvement has been described and extensive glottic involvement may occur. Affected patients typically present with hoarseness, dysphagia, cough, haemoptysis, stridor and pain. The GCT presents as a small, firm nodule, sessile or polypoid, with intact mucosa, well outlined but not encapsulated. Cytoplasm granules are typically seen under light microscopy, and the cells are positive for S100 immunoperoxidase and neuron-specific enolase. Treatment of laryngeal GCT is based on surgical excision. This paper describes a pediatric patient with GCT and its clinical course before and after surgical treatment, stressing the importance of GCT diagnosis in the pediatric population. We review clinical course, pathology characteristics and treatment.
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PMID:Granular cell tumor of the larynx in children: a case report. 1908 63

Granular cell tumors (GCTs) are uncommon neoplasm. They can originate in any part of the body. The most common sites of origin are in the head and neck, while the larynx is a relatively uncommon location. Patients affected with a laryngeal GCT typically present with persistent hoarseness, stridor, hemoptysis, dysphagia, and otalgia but, the tumor may be asymptomatic. Care must be taken to differentiate this lesion from others due to the presence of pseudo-epitheliomatous hyperplasia which overlies the GCT and may occasionally mimic squamous cell carcinoma. Therefore, a confirmative diagnosis should be made histopathologically and should be supported by immunohistochemical staining. These tumors are treated by complete surgical resection. Examining the complete removal of the tumor through securing a negative free margin is considered to be a consequential procedure. We experienced a 64-yr-old man with a laryngeal granular cell tumor involving the right true vocal cord. He was treated by surgical resection under a fine dissection laryngomicroscope. Here we present this case and a review of literature.
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PMID:Granular cell tumor on larynx. 2037 4

Tracheal melanomas represent the rarest type of extracutaneous melanomas. The clinical manifestation is similar to other tracheal tumors and ranges from symptoms of airway obstruction such as dyspnea and stridor to other nonspecific symptoms such as hoarseness, cough and hemoptysis. Bronchoscopy is required to draw the origin of the lesion biopsy is needed to establish histologic diagnosis. Treatment consists of either palliative surgery aiming at restoring the airway or tracheal resection and end to end anastmosis. We would like to present here below a rare case of tracheal melanoma and discuss the various diagnostic and therapeutic means.
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PMID:Primary malignant melanoma of the trachea. 2039 66

Primary tracheal tumours are histologically similar but 100 times less common than main stem tumours. We report a case of primary tracheal schwannoma in a middle aged man. He had chronic cough for 2 years, and developed hemoptysis and stridor in the days preceding to presentation. He was treated by resection of the tumour and primary anatomosis of the trachea. The patient recovered well after surgery and had a near normal PEFR after one and a half year of follow-up and bronchoscopic examination excluded any recurrence.
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PMID:Tracheal schwannoma: a rare tracheal tumour. 2064 74

Primary windpipe tumour is extremely rare. Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common malignant form, especially in smokers. The radiological appearance of these neoplasms can be classified as intra-luminal, wall-thickening, exophytic form; the majority of the lesions are obstructive in nature and then tend to extra-luminal invasion. This tumour is usually diagnosed late on account of delayed specific symptoms: haemoptysis, dyspnoea, coughing, hoarseness, stridor. Surgery, followed by adjuvant radiotherapy, is the treatment of choice; primary radiotherapy, in inoperable cases, can represent a curative management option. A case of primary tracheal cancer is described and a review of the literature is presented.
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PMID:A primary squamous cell carcinoma of the trachea: case report and review of the literature. 2125 87

The death of an infant younger than 1 year requires a thorough scene investigation and autopsy. Most infant deaths investigated by forensic pathologists can be placed into 2 general categories: sudden infant death syndrome and accidental asphyxial deaths. Despite the fact that most infant deaths occur within these 2 categories, it is important to remember that other entities may be responsible for death. In this report, we present a developmental pulmonary abnormality that was ultimately responsible for the death of an infant. A 6-month-old male infant with a prior history of pneumonia was brought to an emergency department for evaluation of fever. Antibiotics were prescribed, and the child was discharged and sent home with instructions to his mother to follow up with his pediatrician. Later that evening, the infant seemed to be in respiratory distress. His mother again transported him to the emergency department, where, on arrival, he became apneic. Despite vigorous resuscitative efforts, the infant died. Of note at autopsy was the presence of low-set abnormal ears and bilateral inward-turning ankles. Internally, an abnormality of the tracheobronchial tree was evident, with the right upper lobe bronchus arising from the distal trachea, proximal to the carina. In addition, the right upper lobe was discolored and firm. Microscopically, pneumonia was present. The cause of death was pneumonia due to a right tracheal bronchus. Childhood pneumonia is a known cause of childhood hospitalization, morbidity, and mortality. Identifying the causes of recurrent pneumonia, be it structural, metabolic, or syndromic, aids in preventing recurrent infections and reducing the incidence of childhood mortality. A tracheal bronchus, also known as bronchus suis or "pig bronchus," is an anatomic variant of the tracheobronchial tree in which a bronchus arises proximal to the carina, most commonly on the right and predominantly in males. The incidence is around 0.2%. Although the tracheal bronchus is sometimes a clinically silent entity, some patients may exhibit certain signs and symptoms, including hemoptysis, coughing, stridor, wheezing, and pain. The typical consequences of the tracheal bronchus are recurrent pneumonias. The recurrent pneumonia is thought to be due to a stasis of secretions and an abnormal pulmonary clearing mechanism. Treatment for the condition varies, based on symptoms. For asymptomatic patients, conservative management is adequate. For symptomatic patients with persistent atelectasis or right upper lobe consolidation, surgical excision is advised.
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PMID:Death of a 6-month-old due to a tracheal bronchus. 2181 71

This paper presents a 73 years old male with three weeks history of intermittent hemoptysis, dysphagia, dyspnea, stridor, and suffocations sensation. By means of fibrotic bronchoscopic examination, the cause was found to be a leech in the glottis. It was removed by injection of 4 ml lidocaine 2%. Infestation into the respiratory tract by a leech may become lethal because of hypoxia and death secondary to airway obstruction. A high index of suspicion of leech infestation sould be considered in patients presenting with hemoptysis, hoarseness and respiratory distress and a history of recent contact with fresh water streams.
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PMID:Aquatic leech as a rare cause of respiratory distress and hemoptysis. 2182 59

Paraganglioma of the trachea is a rare neoplasm, with fewer than 15 cases reported. A 40-year-old man presented with stridor and hemoptysis. Bronchoscopy demonstrated a tumor of the posterior trachea and biopsy initially suggested typical carcinoid. The patient underwent surgical resection uneventfully and made a good recovery. Final pathology disclosed the tumor to be a paraganglioma based on immunohistology. The pathophysiology and treatment of this tumor are discussed.
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PMID:Tracheal paraganglioma: an unusual neoplasm of the upper airway. 2254 Dec 8


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