Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0019079 (hemoptysis)
 6,129 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 63-year-old male patient, with 5 years history of progressive dyspnea and aggravation for 1 year, was hospitalized in our hospital; and there was a slight cough, but no cough phlegm, chest pain, hemoptysis or hoarseness. Physical examination showed that there was a third-degree respiratory distress, obvious three depression sign, but no mass in the neck. Electronic laryngoscopy examination reported a mulberry-like mass in trachea about 1.5cm from the glottis. The tumor occupied 90% range of lumen with its base close to the anterior wall of trachea,and tumor could move up and down with cough airflow. After hospitalization, this patient received intratracheal tumor resection under local anesthesia, and postoperative pathology report showed endotracheal papillomatosis, covered by ciliated columnar epithelium.
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PMID:[A case of tracheal papilloma]. 2364 40

Inflexible and flexible bronchoscopy represents a standard diagnostic procedure in pneumology. Besides lung carcinomas, which is the most frequent indication for diagnostic bronchoscopy, a plethora of clinical symptoms such as chronic persistent cough, hoarseness, unexplained dyspnea, hemoptysis, and suspicious findings on auscultation require further endoscopic evaluation. Moreover, bronchoscopy plays a central role in the diagnostic work-up of interstitial lung diseases and persistent lung infiltrates, in particular those of infectious origin (e.g., fungal, viral, tuberculous, and Pneumocystis jiroveci infections). In addition, diagnostic bronchoscopy has more recently been complemented by endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS). EBUS is predominantly employed for the accurate diagnosis and mediastinal staging of lung carcinomas, and the assessment of lympadenopathy-associated diseases such as sarcoidosis.Since endoscopic evaluation is typically preceded by computed tomography (CT) of the chest, genuine incidental findings occur relatively seldom and usually account for pathological findings that have been missed on conventional imaging approaches. For instance, characteristic incidental findings include benign and malignant tumors in the area of the endoscopic access and central airways, anatomical variations and (vascular) malformations, tracheal and bronchial airway alterations, and aspirated objects. This review focuses on bronchoscopic findings that have either been completely missed by conventional imaging or differently interpreted due to its radiologic morphology.
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PMID:[Incidental bronchoscopic findings]. 2514 79

Blunt neck trauma can be caused by a variety of injuries such as deceleration, road traffic accidents and crush injuries. The worst scenario is airway rupture. We report an unusual case of acute tracheal injury in a 34-year-old Irish man who presented with a history of strangulation while working with a tractor. On arrival, he had one episode of mild haemoptysis and reported pain around the base of the neck and voice hoarseness. His chest X-ray revealed pneumopericardium and CT of thorax showed airway oedema. After elective intubation, positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) of 5 cm H2O caused deterioration in his clinical condition with increasing surgical emphysema and rise of carbon dioxide partial pressure (PaCO2), which was completely reversed after stopping PEEP. This case shows how PEEP and intermittent positive pressure ventilation can worsen air leak and compromise stability in patients with acute tracheal injury.
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PMID:Unusual case of acute tracheal injury complicated by application of positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP). 2539 17

Leeches are the very rare types of airway foreign body. Here we report a rare case of a 40-year-old woman with tracheal leech infestation. A 40-year-old woman presented 2-month history of dyspnea, occasional haemoptysis. There were foreign body sensation in throat, cough and hoarseness. Computed Tomography (CT) revealed some soft tissue shadow in the upper trachea. Eventually a 5 cm long living leech was smoothly removed from trachea by rigid bronchoscopy under sevoflurane general anesthesia. The airway leech infestation should be kept in mind especially in patients presenting with unexplained haemoptysis, dyspnea, hoarseness and a foreign body sensation in the throat and a history of drinking infested water from streams, pools and spring. General anesthesia might be necessary for the removal of the leech.
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PMID:A rare case report of tracheal leech infestation in a 40-year-old woman. 2541 5

Adult laryngeal hemangioma is an extremely rare and slowly progressing vascular tumor. The present study describes the first reported case of a male with a large laryngeal hemangioma that was treated by ultrasonic scalpel. A 61-year-old male presented to our hospital with a recurrent pharyngeal foreign body sensation, without hoarseness, hemoptysis, expectoration or dyspnea. A blue-black mass was detected in the right pyriform sinus, with a morular surface and a wide pedicle positioned lateral to the right arytenoid cartilage and aryepiglottic fold under electronic laryngoscopy. Following tracheotomy under local anesthesia, right superior laryngeal artery ligation and laryngeal hemangioma resection via a lateral neck hypopharyngeal approach were performed under general anesthesia using an ultrasonic scalpel. Pathological examination verified that the tumor was a cavernous hemangioma. On day 11, subsequent to post-operative anti-inflammatory and symptomatic treatment, electronic laryngoscopy showed that the arytenoid mucosal edema had decreased and that the movement of the arytenoid was good. There was no recurrence of hemangioma during a 2-year follow-up period. Therefore, it is recommended that complete surgical resection using an ultrasonic scalpel should be considered for similar cases involving large laryngeal hemangiomas.
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PMID:Resection of a laryngeal hemangioma in an adult using an ultrasonic scalpel: A case report. 2613 93

A 58-year old lady under active follow-up with the respiratory services at our institution for bronchiectasis secondary to hypogammaglobulinaemia presented with hoarseness and haemoptysis. She was also receiving rituximab maintenance therapy for follicular lymphoma. Bronchoscopy demonstrated vesicular lesions on her vocal cords and trachea, confirmed as herpes simplex virus (HSV) on cytological analysis of brushings. She responded well to intravenous valacyclovir. Rituximab is increasingly utilised in the treatment of haematological and auto-immune disorders. This case highlights the potential of this drug to potentiate susceptibility to infection in an already immunocompromised individual.
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PMID:Herpetic tracheitis in association with rituximab therapy. 2751 61

Tracheal diverticulum (DV) is a type of paratracheal air cyst (PTAC) that is often asymptomatic and usually detected incidentally by imaging methods. Tracheal DV are divided into two subgroups: congenital and acquired. Dysphagia, odynophagia, neck pain, hoarseness, hemoptysis, choking, and recurrent episodes of hiccups and burping can also be seen in symptomatic patients. Thin-section multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) is useful for diagnosis of tracheal diverticulum. The relationship between DV and tracheal lumen can be demonstrated by axial, coronal, and sagittal reformat multiplanar images. Bronchoscopy can also be used in diagnosis for tracheal DV. However, the connection between DV and tracheal lumen can not be shown easily with bronchoscopy. Conservative treatment is the preferred treatment in asymptomatic patients. Surgical or conservative treatment can be performed for symptomatic patients, depending on patient age and physical condition.
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PMID:The diseases of airway-tracheal diverticulum: a review of the literature. 2786 81

Laryngeal fracture is a rare traumatic injury, potentially fatal, with an estimated incidence of 1 in 30,000 patients admitted to severe trauma centers. Because of the rarity of this injury, physician may be not aware of its existence, leading to a late diagnosis of this entity. We report a case of a 59-year-old woman admitted to the emergency room after a motorcycle accident with cervical trauma. The patient presented with dysphonia, hemoptysis, cervical subcutaneous emphysema, and increasing respiratory distress that led to the intubation of the patient. CT-scan demonstrated displaced fracture of the cricoid and thyroid cartilage. The patient was submitted to tracheostomy and the fracture was surgically repaired. Tracheostomy was removed in third postoperative month. The patient presented a good recovery, reporting only hoarseness but without swallowing or breathing problems at 6-month follow-up.
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PMID:Laryngeal Fracture after Blunt Cervical Trauma in Motorcycle Accident and Its Management. 2826 12

A 61-year-old woman presented for outpatient evaluation of a 1-week history of fever and upper respiratory symptoms. She denied tobacco use, weight loss, hemoptysis, chronic cough, or recent travel and was in otherwise good health. Her medical history was insignificant except for her chronic hoarseness from a prior laryngeal disease. She denied any worsening hoarseness or any other vocal changes. She did report a positive family history of squamous cell lung cancer in her father.
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PMID:Persistent Lobar Atelectasis in a Patient With Chronic Hoarseness. 2848 33

Activating KRAS mutations in lung adenocarcinoma are characterized with treatment resistance and poor prognosis. As a small molecule inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) tyrosine kinase, apatinib has been proven successful in advanced gastric cancer and breast cancer. In this study, we show the result of apatinib as salvage treatment in lung adenocarcinoma patients with KRAS mutation. Four advanced lung adenocarcinoma patients with KRAS mutation were orally administered apatinib (250 mg/d) after second-line treatment. One patient showed progressive disease, while 3 patients showed stable disease response to apatinib, with a median progression-free survival (PFS) of 3.8 months (1.5-5.5 months). The main toxicities were hoarseness and hemoptysis, which were manageable. Therefore, apatinib might be an optional choice for advanced lung adenocarcinoma patients with KRAS mutation in post second-line treatment.
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PMID:Apatinib in the treatment of advanced lung adenocarcinoma with KRAS mutation. 2889 82


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