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Query: UMLS:C0019079 (hemoptysis)
 6,129 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

One hundred ten hospitalized patients with hemoptysis were reviewed to identify factors that would characterize those with malignancy and to evaluate the usefulness of fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FB) in the diagnosis of hemoptysis. Seventy patients underwent FB. This procedure was diagnostic in 22/28 (79 percent) of the carcinoma patients and in 26/42 (62 percent) of the patients with a nonmalignant cause of hemoptysis. The following three characteristics indicate a high probability of malignancy: 1) age greater than 40 years, 2) any abnormality on the chest roentgenogram, 3) hemoptysis lasting greater than one week. If any of these factors are present, FB should be done. Other factors to be considered include presence of anemia, weight loss, persistent cough, long smoking history and risk of bronchoscopic complications.
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PMID:Selection of patients with hemoptysis for fiberoptic bronchoscopy. 44 78

Three drug addicts with tricuspid valve endocarditis and pulmonary cavitation secondary to septic pulmonary infarcts developed massive hemoptysis. Two patients died of asphyxia and one survived. Both who died were improving clinically and had negative blood cultures when the fatal hemoptysis occurred. Therefore, however slight it may be, hemoptysis occurring in association with septic pulmonary infarcts associated with endocarditis may require prompt and aggressive measures.
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PMID:Hemoptysis in patients with septic pulmonary infarcts from tricuspid endocarditis. 44 86

104 selective bronchial arteriographies were performed in 25 patients with bronchopulmonary neoplasia, 11 with mediastinal tumours, 15 with bronchopulmonary inflammation, and 53 with haemoptysis. An assessment is made of the diagnostic value of the information obtained. It is felt that this form of examination is particularly useful in detecting the site of bleeding cases of haemoptysis, and in the provision of treatment by means of embolisation.
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PMID:[Selective bronchial arteriography in broncho-pulmonary pathology]. 45 Feb 92

Finger clubbing was observed in 21% of 70 adult Nigerian patients presenting with pulmonary tuberculosis. These patients had a significantly higher incidence of haemoptysis and they also showed a significantly lower body weight and serum albumin than those without clubbing. Their chest x-rays revealed larger cavities and at 2 months the mortality of the patients with finger clubbing (40%) was very much higher than of those without (5.5%). It is suggested that finger clubbing is of value in assessing patients with pulmonary tuberculosis because it helps to identify those with severe destructive disease.
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PMID:The importance of finger clubbing in pulmonary tuberculosis. 45 21

The Bronchogenic Carcinoma Co-operative Group analyzed the epidemiologic data of 240 cases of bronchogenic carcinoma in a prospective study. When risk factors (exposure to potencial pathogenic substances) were studied, a relationship was noted between the incidence at an early age and the presence of nondifferentiated small cell carcinoma. The number of years of exposure to tobacco had a direct effect on the curative value of the thoracotomy and the survival rate. Forty years of smoking appeared to be borderline for a poor prognosis. Localization of the tumor by bronchoscopy showed a frequency in the left main bronchus (18 percent) more than twice than in the right (8 percent). In 25 percent of the cases the tumor was more peripheral than the subsegmental situation according to the bronchofiberoptic examination. Evaluation of clinical data only showed a lack of correlation between the different symptoms and the various means of evaluation and the prognosis of the disease. For example, a patient with hemoptysis has a statistically higher probability of having an epidermoid tumor and a greater possibility of a successful curative thoracotomy (23 percent as opposed to 17 percent for the rest). The group of incidental cases (9 percent of the total) was analyzed. The degree of resectability was higher as compared with the rest (62 percent against 34 percent) as well as the absence of nondifferentiated small cell type carcinomas.
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PMID:[Epidemiologic data on bronchogenic carcinoma (author's transl)]. 45 2

Bronchial artery embolization is a useful palliative treatment for life-threatening haemoptyses where surgery is contra-indicated. Patients presenting with haemoptyses complicating cystic fibrosis and aspergilloma have been embolized. Control of haemoptysis was achieved in the former, but late recurrence of haemoptysis in the latter led to asphyxiation.
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PMID:Bronchial artery embolization in the control of massive haemoptysis. 46 40

Haemoptysis occurred in a 64-year-old man with a history of pulmonary tuberculosis, negative for M. tuberculosis. Precipitating antibodies to Aspergillus niger were found in serum and the fungus found in sputum. Autopsy revealed aspergilloma, colonization of the pulmonary cavity by A. niger and local oxalosis if the cavity wall. Ornamental plant soil containing A. niger conidia, as well as the air in the patient's living-room, was the probable source of infection.
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PMID:[Localised aspergillosis and oxalosis of the lung caused by aspergillus niger: soil of ornamental plants as a reservoir of aspergilli (case report) (author's transl)]. 46 76

The Chiba needle was used for percutaneous needle aspiration of lung lesions in 35 patients. Two separate needles were used for each patient at the same sitting. The aspirate was true positive for malignancy in 23 patients and true negative for malignancy in eight patients. Two aspirates were false negative for malignancy and two aspirates, negative for malignancy, were classified as inconclusive due to inadequate patient follow-up. The overall accuracy rate was 94%. Six patients had small pneumothoraces but only one required a chest tube. Appreciable hemoptysis did not occur. The Chiba needle provided an adequate aspirate for cytologic diagnosis. The complication rate using two needles appears to be entirely acceptable.
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PMID:Percutaneous pulmonary aspiration biopsy using the Chiba needle. 46 70

Pulmonary infarction is a very uncommon cause of pneumothorax. The authors report two patients with pneumothorax arising as a complication of pulmonary infarction. One was a 72-year-old man who had hemoptysis, pleural effusion, and alveolar condensation. Four days later he developed a hydropneumothorax and pulmonary cavitation. He died of heart failure. The pulmonary infarction was not septic in this case. The other patient was a 12-year-old boy who suffered a septic embolism with cavitation as a result of an infected wound. He later developed a tension pneumothorax and died in a state of shock. The authors have found only 16 cases of pneumothorax as a complication of pulmonary infarction in the literature. It is surprising that, even though all infarctions are in contact with the pleural surface, the incidence of pneumothorax is not higher. The infarctions may or may not be septic. Cavitation is not necessarily present, though infarctions are usually cavitated before pneumothorax develops. Tension pneumothorax occurs in some cases.
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PMID:[Pulmonary infarction as a cause of pneumothorax: report of two cases (author's transl)]. 47 Apr 94

Broncholithiasis, associated most frequently with tuberculosis and histoplasmosis, usually presents with acute onset of cough and hemoptysis. Visible stones are coughed up in fewer cases than was previously believed. The disease may be accompanied by obstructive symptoms, bronchiectasis, and occasional fistula formation into either the esophagus or the aorta. The prognosis of these patients is generally excellent; however, a significant number require surgery because of persistent symptoms or a complication of the disease.
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PMID:Broncholithiasis: current concepts of an ancient disease. 47 54


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