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Query: UMLS:C0019079 (hemoptysis)
 6,129 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A retrospective study was undertaken in 1990 of 188 patients with the diagnosis of non small cell carcinoma of the lung referred to the Department of Radiation Oncology in 1984. Most patients (178/188) received a course of radiotherapy. This was definitive in 23, palliative in 148 (primary site in 113, metastases in 16, primary plus metastases in 19) and postoperative in 7. This report is a 5 year followup of the 171 patients treated by radiation alone, to assess factors that influence survival. Tumour histology was 50% squamous, 23% adenocarcinoma, 16% large cell and 4% unspecified, non small cell carcinoma. In 8% no histological diagnosis was obtained. The most common symptoms were cough (44%), dyspnoea (43%), chest pain (37%), haemoptysis (33%) and systemic symptoms (36%). Tumour stage (TNM) was assessed retrospectively as I(5%), II(8%), IIIA(18%), IIIB(22%) and IV(28%). A subgroup of 31 cases (18%) of uncertain staging (I-III) was analysed separately and in 2 cases (1%) no staging information was available. Palliative intent of treatment and poorer performance status were related significantly to increasing stage of disease. The effects of palliative treatment were recorded in 79 cases; in 71 there was a reduction in symptoms. The median survival from diagnosis was 8 months (range < 1-72). Using univariate and multivariate analyses, significant and independent prognostic factors for improved survival were good performance status, absence of systemic symptoms, lower tumour stage and curative intent of treatment (higher radiation dose). However the 5-year survival was only 2%. Long-term survival was associated predominantly with early stage disease but not with the type or intent of treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Non small cell carcinoma of the lung. A retrospective study. Presented at the 41st annual meeting of the Royal Australasian College of Radiologists, September 1990, Perth. 128 99

In the first part of this article the clinical and paraclinical criteria of intra-alveolar haemorrhages are reviewed. The principal signs and symptoms are dyspnoea, haemoptysis, anaemia and bilateral alveolar and interstitial opacities. Computerized tomography of the chest shows a non-systematized alveolar filling. In the second part, the cytological and histological criteria are considered; they are provided by examination of the alveolar lavage fluid and by lung biopsy. Finally, the main elements in the physiopathology and causes of these haemorrhages are successively described.
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PMID:[Diagnostic criteria, physiopathology and etiology of intra-alveolar hemorrhage]. 129 59

The analysis of both clinical findings and diagnostic procedures results were performed in 26 patients with thromboembolic pulmonary disease in order to determine the incidence of signs indicating pulmonary thromboembolism. Sudden dyspnea, hemoptysis and chest pains are the most common symptoms of the disease. These symptoms associated with radiographically confirmed pulmonary infiltrations with the elevation of hemidiaphragm and pleural effusion, particularly if they are bilateral, are the main clues for the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism. Perfusion defect on the pulmonary scintigraphy makes this diagnosis almost certain. Hypoxemia and hypocapnia and respiratory alkalosis are frequent findings in thromboembolic pulmonary disease, as well. Fever, increases RBC sedimentation rate and leukocytosis are present in a great deal of patients. In addition, the presence of risk factors related to the development of thrombosis of the lower limbs deep veins, and particularly those related to the long term immobilization as well as diagnostically confirmed venous thrombus are basic guidelines for the diagnostic of pulmonary thromboembolism.
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PMID:[Personal experience in the diagnosis and therapy of pulmonary thromboembolism]. 130 9

The autopsy findings and clinical features in 60 patients with fatal pulmonary embolism (PE) in University College Hospital, Ibadan, between 1985 and 1989 are analysed in the current study. Pulmonary embolism occurred in 3,8 pc of all autopsied patients during this period. There was a male to female ratio 1,4 to one and average age was 47 years. Malignant neoplasms, infections and cardiac failure were the leading predisposing factors to PE identified. The ante-mortem clinical features consisted largely of non-specific respiratory symptoms of dyspnoea, cough, chest pain and haemoptysis. Of these patients, 15,6 pc were diagnosed ante-mortem as having PE. Pulmonary infarction occurred in 13,3 pc of the cases and was commoner in females and in patients with underlying cardiac diseases. This study emphasises the need for a high clinical index of suspicion to improve the antemortem diagnosis of this potentially fatal condition and to advocate a greater use of prophylactic anti-coagulant therapy in high risk patients.
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PMID:Pulmonary embolism in Ibadan, Nigeria: five years autopsy report. 130 38

From 1949 to 1988, 32 cases of hemothorax were seen in our hospital. The incidence rate of hemothorax among the cases of choriocarcinoma and invasive mole in the whole series were 2.6% and 1.4% respectively. The most frequent symptoms were chest pain, cough, dyspnea, and hemoptysis. Before 1965, when 6-MP was the only agent used, 7 of the 16 patients with hemothorax died directly due to severe intrathoracic hemorrhage, from 1966 to 1988, when intravenous infusion of 5-FU and intrathoracic injection of 5-FU were used, only 4 of the 16 cases died, there was no death directly related to hemothorax. About 75% were followed up for more than 10 years, the longest duration of follow up being more than 28 years in 6 cases. Repeated examinations with serum hCG determination and chest film revealed no evidence of recurrence, nor pleural adhesion and thickening or pulmonocardiac diseases.
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PMID:[Diagnosis and treatment of hemothorax in malignant trophoblastic tumors]. 132 70

Tracheobronchial obstruction resulting from esophageal carcinoma is uncommon. Patients with advanced esophageal carcinoma with tracheobronchial obstruction usually present with severe dyspnea or hemoptysis or both and may die of suffocation. The Lahey Clinic experience using laser bronchoscopy for the palliation of symptoms of airway obstruction in patients with esophageal carcinoma is presented. From 1982 to 1990, nine patients were treated in 13 procedures using the neodymium: yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser. Of the patients, seven had undergone previous treatment of the primary tumor. Tumors were located in the trachea in seven patients and in the main stem bronchi in three patients. Improvement of the airway caliber was achieved in all patients with relief of the dyspnea. The mean hospital stay was 2 days. One patient lived 4 years after laser treatment with no recurrence of tumor, and one patient died 1 week after treatment as a result of his poor general condition. The rest of the patients lived 3 to 41 weeks, with a median survival of 35 weeks. No complications were related to the procedures, and in particular, no tracheoesophageal fistulas developed. Our experience indicates that bronchoscopic application of this laser in conjunction with other treatment modalities can improve the quality and duration of life in selected patients with esophageal carcinoma that invades and obstructs the trachea.
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PMID:Tracheobronchial obstruction from esophageal carcinoma: bronchoscopic treatment with neodymium: yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser. 137 56

Following inhalation of cocaine two young men developed haemoptysis associated with dyspnoea. One of these patients had severe clinical symptoms. There was blood eosinophilia, and haemosiderin was found in the macrophages that were present in the fibroscopic alveolar lavage fluid. X-ray films of the chest showed bilateral micronodular opacities. The outcome was favourable after treatment with parenteral dexamethasone, oxygen therapy and mask-administered continuous positive pressure ventilation. The frequency of cocaine-induced alveolar haemorrhage is probably underestimated; the condition must be suspected in subjects who inhale cocaine and have haemoptysis, no matter how small.
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PMID:[Alveolar hemorrhage after cocaine inhalation]. 138 16

A 26-year-old man, practicing for a variety performance as "fire-eater", accidentally inhaled and ingested about 10 ml petroleum. Soon afterwards he developed dyspnoea, an urge to cough, fever up to 39 degrees C and loss of retentiveness. He was treated as an out-patient with doxycycline, 100 mg daily, and aspirin, 500 mg three times daily. While this reduced the dyspnoea, the elevated temperature persisted and he had haemoptysis. Chest x-ray and computed tomography 12 days after the aspiration revealed areas of atelectasis and of liquefaction necroses. Bronchoscopic and cytological examinations showed eosinophilic alveolitis and mucosal necrosis in both main bronchi. The symptoms were improved by two inhalations of beclomethasone four times daily, and systemic treatment with prednisolone, 50 mg daily, together with parenteral antibiotic administration (cefotaxime, 1.0 g twice daily). The focal lung lesions regressed completely within a few weeks. Five months after the aspiration computed tomography merely demonstrated discrete scarring of the previously necrotic lesions. This case illustrates that, even with extensive necrotic lung changes after petroleum aspiration, conservative treatment is justified and likely to be effective.
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PMID:[The accidental aspiration and ingestion of petroleum in a "fire eater"]. 139 57

Life threatening mediastinitis as a complication of acute epiglottitis is very rare. A 38-year-old male in previously good health was admitted to our hospital in a state of unconsciousness. Seven days prior to admission he had complained of a sore throat, dysphagia, high fever and dyspnea. A chest X-ray on admission showed widening of the mediastinum, mediastinal emphysema, subcutaneous emphysema and left pleural effusion. Bronchoscopy showed the swelling of supraglottic structures. He was diagnosed as having acute mediastinitis and pyothorax as a complication of acute epiglottitis, but pathogens were not identified. The blood was hyperglycemic and insulin therapy was started. Though he gradually improved by massive antibiotic therapy, steroid therapy, tracheotomy and surgical drainage of both the left thoracic cavity and the mediastinum, he died suddenly of massive hemoptysis. Autopsy revealed that the acute mediastinitis had healed, but that the Aspergillus infection was present in both lungs and the pericardium. The Aspergillus infection was not lethal in the present case, and it seemed that death had resulted from arterial hemorrhage caused by erosion of the trachea. The present case suggests the need for antifungal therapy even in non-immunocompromised patients in particular when massive doses of antibiotics and steroids are administered.
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PMID:[A case of mediastinitis and bilateral pyothorax, following acute epiglottitis with concurrent Aspergillus infection]. 140

The involvement of the pulmonary vessels by tumour emboli may lead to a clinical picture defined as 'subacute cor pulmonale'. Information about this syndrome has been limited to case reports and a few series. A study of 214 autopsied cancer patients was undertaken to investigate the clinical signs and symptoms of tumour involvement of the pulmonary vessels (TIPV). The lungs were removed as a block and 15 sections (3 from each lobe) were analyzed. Clinical data about right ventricular failure, dyspnoea, cough, pleuritic chest pain, cyanosis, engorgement of jugular veins, peripheral oedema, haemoptysis and haemoptoic sputum were obtained from the medical records of each patient. Tumour emboli were detected in 89 cases, and no respiratory symptoms were recorded in 39. The presence of dyspnoea and cyanosis were highly significant in the group with TIVP, and right ventricular failure and peripheral oedema showed slight significant differences between the patients with and without TIPV. The classical picture of subacute cor pulmonale was observed in 13 patients and TIPV was considered to be the main cause of death in 29 cases. Our results indicate that although the development of subacute cor pulmonale was rare in patients with cancer, TIPV may be suspected when the patient presents respiratory distress and should be included in the differential diagnosis of dyspnoea in cancer patients.
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PMID:Clinical aspects of tumour involvement of the pulmonary vessels. 141 97


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