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Query: UMLS:C0019079 (hemoptysis)
 6,129 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Three Laotian refugee children with chronic pulmonary complaints and findings were found to have pulmonary paragonimiasis during a one-year period in Chicago. These patients ranged from 8 to 11 years of age and the diagnosis was delayed five to six months in two children because of the unfamiliarity of American physicians with signs and symptoms of this disorder. Clinical manifestations included chronic cough for up to two years, apparent hemoptysis in two patients, lack of fever or sweats, and family history negative for tuberculosis. Physical findings included rales and dullness to percussion, clubbing (one patient), and lack of fever or respiratory distress. All three patients showed interstitial infiltrates on chest roentgenogram whereas two had multiple small cystic areas. Moderate eosinophilia was present. Paragonimus westermani ova were found in stools of two patients, in sputum of two patients, and in bronchoscopic specimens in one patient. All patients demonstrated striking clinical and radiologic improvement following treatment with bithionol (50 mg/kg every other day for 15 doses), which was well tolerated. Lung fluke infestation must be considered in Indochinese refugee children with apparent hemoptysis or chronic pulmonary symptoms, and sputum and stool should be examined for P westermani ova.
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PMID:Pulmonary paragonimiasis in Laotian refugee children. 709 90

Four patients with bronchial carcinoid and two patients with mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the bronchus are presented. Presenting symptoms of these rare childhood tumors are chronic cough, hemoptysis, repeated bouts of pulmonary infection, and chest pain. Bronchoscopic examination should be considered in patients with these symptoms and is highly reliable in diagnosing these tumors Surgical resection is the treatment of choice. Bronchial carcinoid and mucoepidermoid carcinoma have an excellent prognosis following conservative surgical resection.
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PMID:Carcinoid and mucoepidermoid carcinoma of bronchus in children. 743 44

A retrospective clinicopathological study of bronchogenic carcinoma in patients admitted to Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH) during a 17-year period (1975-1991) is presented. Out of the 148 cases, 88 were confirmed histopathologically and in the remaining 66 cases, diagnosis was based on a combination of clinical and radiological features. Epidermoid carcinoma was the commonest histopathological variant and the male/female ratio was 2:1. Sixty five percent of the patients admitted to being heavy smokers. The majority of patients presented with weight loss, chronic cough with chest pain and haemoptysis in that order. With an average of nine cases yearly, this study shows that this disease is still uncommon in Nigerians.
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PMID:Primary pulmonary carcinoma in Lagos, Nigeria: a clinicopathological study. 755 78

Middle lobe syndrome (MLS) is an uncommon lung disorder involving the right middle lobe and/or lingula and is characterized by a spectrum of clinical and pathological lesions ranging from recurrent atelectasis or pneumonias to bronchiectasis. Despite several series reporting the clinical features of MLS, histopathological descriptions are rare. We reviewed the clinical characteristics and pathological findings in 21 patients with MLS who underwent surgical resections. Six male and 15 female patients between the ages of 5 and 80 years (mean, 47 years) were studied. All patients were symptomatic and complained of chronic cough (8), hemoptysis (6), chest pain (4), dyspnea (3), or fever (2). The right middle lobe was involved in 11 patients, the lingula in four patients, and both right middle lobe and lingula in six patients. Chest radiographs, bronchograms, and/or computed tomography scans were available for review in 19 patients and showed consolidation (8), bronchiectasis (9), patchy infiltrates (5), and atelectasis (4) in various combinations. Pathological findings included bronchiectasis in 10 patients, chronic bronchitis/bronchiolitis with lymphoid hyperplasia in seven, patchy organizing pneumonia in six, atelectasis in five, granulomatous inflammation in five, and abscess formation in four. Three patients with granulomatous inflammation had associated atypical mycobacterial infection. Broncholithiasis was confirmed by pathological examination in one patient. No pathological cause for bronchial obstruction was identified in the remaining 20 patients, although one was thought to have had broncholithiasis on the basis of preoperative bronchoscopy. The presence of bronchiectasis, bronchitis or bronchiolitis, organizing pneumonia, or atelectasis in specimens from the right middle lobe or of lingula in the absence of an identifiable cause of bronchial obstruction should suggest a diagnosis of MLS.
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PMID:Middle lobe syndrome: a clinicopathological study of 21 patients. 789 Feb 82

Primary vasculitis, include microscopic polyarteritis (MPA) and Wegener's granulomatosis (WG), is one of the causes of Glomerulonephritis and renal failure. Recently antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies (ANCA) is considered to be a very important tool for the diagnosis of MPA and WG. The management of ANCA was performed in 42 patients with variant primary glomerulonephritis with crescents formation or sclerotic glomerulonephritis, 5 of them show positive, appeared as a pattern of P-ANCA. Most of the patients were old male, with fever, malaise, weight loss, anemia, muscle and joint pain, some of them have chronic cough, even hemoptysis, opacities in middle-lower fields of both lungs, which didn't response to antibiotics therapy. This is the first report about renal involvement of primary vasculitis from China. Our result suggest that primary vasculitis is not a rare course of renal failure in China.
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PMID:[The renal involvement of primary vasculitis: clinical and pathological analysis of 5 cases]. 840 17

Wegener's granulomatosis may present with a variety of findings and be difficult to diagnose. We report a case of 27-year-old man presenting with chronic cough and hemoptysis who was diagnosed by open lung biopsy to have Wegener's granulomatosis. Based on this case, we reviewed the clinical features, pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of Wegener's granulomatosis.
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PMID:Wegener's granulomatosis: a case report and literature review. 885 93

Between 1993-1996, 200 pediatric flexible bronchoscopies were performed. Indications were: chronic cough (158 children), persistent pulmonary infiltrates (89), recurrent stridor (28), suspected tracheobronchial foreign body (20), suspected tuberculosis (17) and hemoptysis (3). Some children had more than 1 indication. 124 patients were boys (mean 4.18 +/- 2.86 years; range 1 month-15 years) and 76 were girls (mean 4.39 +/- 2.7 years; range 4 months-15 years). The procedure included direct vision recorded by video-camera and bronchoalveolar lavage; the lavage fluid was sent for culture, Gram and Ziehl-Nielsen strains and for cytology. There were a few minor side effects: mild stridor which resolved within a few hours (10 children) and transient fever (3). This simple, flexible instrument was effective and helpful in the diagnosis and treatment of children with respiratory symptoms in a secondary hospital facility.
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PMID:[Pediatric flexible bronchoscopy]. 915 54

The clinical epidemiology of pulmonary paragonimiasis and tuberculosis was investigated in a known endemic municipality of Sorsogon, Philippines. Records of diagnosed tuberculosis patients on treatment and follow up at the local Rural Health Unit over a two year period from 1993 to 1994 were reviewed to provide an overview of pulmonary tuberculosis in the area, specifically to describe the population at risk, the basis for diagnosis and the proportion of case notification who were sputum negative. Patients from the same group of individuals as well as undiagnosed tuberculosis patients with productive cough, fever with chest and/or back pain, or hemoptysis were examined to look into clinical manifestations, duration of symptoms, history of crab-eating and sputum examination results for acid-fast bacilli and Paragonimus. There was difficulty in determining the number of non-responders as the records did not have any provision for the recording of such. Annual tuberculosis case notification rates for the two years (374 and 401 per 100,000 population) were higher than the national figure in 1991 (325 per 100,000 population) indicating that tuberculosis is still a major health problem in the area and tuberculosis control efforts may have to be more aggressive to better contain the disease. Twenty-six out of 160 individuals surveyed were sputum smear positive for Paragonimus. Paragonimiasis rates were not significantly different in the two groups (15.6% vs 16.9%, respectively) indicating that there is a need for routine sputum examination for Paragonimus which is not available at present. Only six patients surveyed were sputum smear positive for acid-fast bacilli. A high index of suspicion is necessary to diagnose paragonimiasis and to be able to differentiate it from tuberculosis. The diagnosis may be suggested by a patient's place of origin being a known endemic area, a long period of chronic cough and the habit of eating raw or insufficiently cooked crabs or crayfish. Laboratories in endemic areas should have the capacity to differentiate between the two infections by being able to provide the routine laboratory procedures necessary for definitive diagnosis and treatment.
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PMID:Pulmonary paragonimiasis and tuberculosis in Sorsogon, Philippines. 965 46

Positron emission tomography (PET) with 2-[F-18]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) can demonstrate the glucose metabolism characteristics of a lesion, which may be helpful in differentiating between benign and malignant focal pulmonary lesions. Malignant cells demonstrate higher glucose metabolic activity than benign lesions. However, some inflammatory processes also show significant FDG uptake. We present two cases where high FDG uptake was found in inflammatory lesions in the lungs. The first case was that of a 38-year-old woman with chronic cough for more than 20 years. FDG PET revealed a hypermetabolic lesion with a lesion-to-background ratio of 8.0 at the posterior aspect of the right middle lung. She underwent thoracotomy and tumor resection, and was diagnosed with cryptococcosis. The second case was that of a 72-year-old woman who had pulmonary tuberculosis previously with cavitation in the left lower lobe. She suffered from fever, chills and severe hemoptysis for several days before this admission. FDG PET revealed a hypermetabolic ring at the periphery of the cavity. The lesion-to-background ratio was 7.8. Echo-guided biopsy showed no evidence of malignancy. She was treated with antibiotics and the symptoms subsided gradually. Lung abscess complicating a pre-existing cavity was diagnosed. These two cases substantiate that positive FDG PET results should be interpreted with caution in differentiating benign from malignant pulmonary abnormalities, especially in regions with a high prevalence of granulomatous lesions.
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PMID:False-positive 2-[F-18]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography studies for evaluation of focal pulmonary abnormalities. 979 34

Thoracoscopy has been revived and expanded by recent improvements in endoscopic technology. The enhanced application and outcome of VATS (video assisted thoracic surgery) was retrospectively studied. Between 1992 and 1995, 82 patients underwent diagnostic thoracoscopy or interventional VATS. Indications included: shortness of breath with nonspecific x-ray abnormality (45%), pulmonary nodule (25%), pleural effusion/empyema (21%), pneumothorax (14%), and hemoptysis, chronic cough or lung consolidation (5%). Sixty-six (83%) of the procedures were completed thoracoscopically. Eight procedures (10%) required addition of a utility mini-thoracotomy and 6 procedures (7%) were converted to formal thoracotomy. Specific diagnostic and/or therapeutic applications of VATS included: inspection; lysis of adhesions; stapling of blebs; biopsy of lung, pleura, or mediastinal structures; drainage and decortication of empyema; mechanical and chemical pleurodesis; wedge resection; and segmental resection. Diagnosis was established and/or treatment completed in 95% of cases. Pathologic diagnoses included: interstitial pneumonitis (22%), cancer (19%), bullous disease (15%), cocci nodule (9%), and other (18%). There were twenty-two complications (28.9%) and four deaths (4.8%). All four deaths were from causes unrelated to the surgery. The most common complications were: residual pneumothorax or hydrothorax (7), failed pleurodesis (3), and prolonged incisional pain (2). The advantage of reduced chest wall and muscle trauma utilizing VATS as opposed to traditional thoracotomy translates to less patient discomfort. The excellent magnified visualization afforded by VATS offers the opportunity to successfully conduct diagnostic and therapeutic interventions in the chest with equal or better visibility. Our findings suggest that the applicability and success of VATS is greatly expanding and its complication rate is less or, at worst, comparable to traditional thoracotomy.
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PMID:Video-assisted thoracic surgery: applications and outcome. 987 45


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