Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019079 (hemoptysis)
 6,129 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Acute massive pulmonary hemorrhage is described as part of the clinical picture of SLE. Seven patients had sudden onset of high fever, dyspnea, tachycardia, and cough with blood-tinged sputum that within hours progressed to massive hemoptysis and death. There were no vasculitis or other inflammatory lung changes found at autopsy. Only one of the seven reported cases survived when treated with 2 g of intravenous hydrocortisone daily. The mechanism of this pulmonary bleeding is unknown but seems to be an immune complex mediated phenomenon.
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PMID:Acute massive pulmonary hemorrhage in systemic lupus erythematosus. 14 42

Three cases illustrate the principal clinical and roentgenographic varieties of granular cell myoblastoma (GCM) of the lung. The vast majority are small benign intrabronchial tumors without roentgenographic findings. These remain asymptomatic and are detected accidentally at autopsy, surgery, or bronchoscopy (Case III). Larger obstructing lesions (Case I) cause focal atelectasis or pneumonitis, leading to cough, expectoration, and hemoptysis. Hilar enlargement from reactive lymph node hyperplasia is common. Clinically and roentgenographically these are indistinguishable from bronchial adenomas. Least often the tumor extends entirely extrabronchially (Case II) presenting as a parahilar parenchymal asymptomatic nodule, simulating a granuloma, hamartoma, arteriovenous malformation or a neoplastic nodule.
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PMID:Granular cell myoblastoma of the lung. 17 51

Continued uncertainty about the prognosis for patients with bronchial adenomata led to a review of the experience of this condition in the Brompton Hospital. Of 72 patients seen between January 1955 and December 1972, 39 were women and 33 men, mean age 45 years, range 9-73 years. The commonest presenting symptoms were haemoptysis, cough, sputum, and repeated chest infections. Positive bronchoscopic biopsy occurred in 35 of 43 cases; five of these were originally reported as carcinomata, of oat-cell type in four. Plain chest film abnormality occurred in 69 patients. Seventy-three operative procedures comprised two endoscopic removals, two wedge resections, six bronchotomies, five pneumonectomies, and 58 lobectomies (seven with sleeve resection). Recurrence in three of six bronchotomies--two with adenoid cystic carcinomata (cylindromata)--necessitated further surgery. Lobectomy and lymph node dissection is usually the operation of choice. Histology confirmed 67 carcinoids (eight with atypical histology or lymph node metastases), two adenoid cystic carcinomata, one muco-epidermoid, and two mucous gland adenomata. Prolonged follow-up is especially indicated in patients with adenoid cyst carcinoma and in those with atypical or metastatic carcinoid histology. Although such pathology is not incompatible with long survival, of 10 patients in these categories, all five late deaths were probably related to the tumour. However, of 57 patients considered to have had typical carcinoid histology and adequate removal of the tumour, there has to date been no tumour-related death, but one patient developed radiosensitive atypical carcinoid tracheal tumours nine years later. The actuarially assessed survival of 71 patients undergoing surgery for bronchial adenomata was 75% at 15 years. Specific tumour types should replace the term bronchial adenoma.
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PMID:Bronchial adenoma: review of 18-year experience at the Brompton Hospital. 18 62

Granular cell myoblastoma of the bronchus is rare. Two patients are described, bringing the total reported to 44. Review of the literature shows that cough, chest pain, hemoptysis, and wheezing are frequent presenting symptoms and that distal atelectasis and recurrent or persistent pneumonitis are common roentgenographic findings. Though the histogenesis of this tumor remains controversial, most pathologists now believe that the cells have a neurogenic origin. Adequate open surgical resection is the treatment of choice.
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PMID:Granular cell myoblastoma of the bronchus: report of 2 cases and review of the literature. 18 48

Twenty-four patients with bronchial adenoma seen over a 20-year period are reviewed. Follow-up data was available in all patients. They included 19 with carcinoid, 2 with adenoid-cystic carcinoma, and 3 with muco-epidermoid carcinoma. Recurrent pulmonary infection, cough and hemoptysis were the most common clinical manifestations. Surgical resection was performed in all but one patient, who was treated by irradiation; bronchoplastic and conservative resectional procedures were used in 5 patients with carcinoid adenoma. Carcinoid tumors are considered to be very slowly-growing malignant neoplasms that sometimes give rise to metastases to regional lymph nodes. Such metastases were present in only one patient. All patients are alive and well. Adenoid-cystic carcinoma is a more aggressive tumor with a tendency to recur. Much of the difficulty in its treatment is due to its close proximity to the bifurcation of the trachea. One patient was operated upon three times for local recurrences and ultimately died from respiratory failure after the third operation. The other patient received radiation therapy with cobalt and is well, without recurrence, 3 years after the treatment. The 3 muco-epidermoid carcinomas were histologically similar to such tumors of salivary glands but behaved clinically like highly malignant tumors, no patients surviving 8 months after resection. The term bronchial adenoma is a misnomer. The neoplasms grouped under this heading should be called carcinoid adenoma, adenoid-cystic carcinoma, and muco-epidermoid carcinoma and considered as separate entities, since the ultimate course and prognosis is definitely different.
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PMID:[Bronchial adenoma]. 19 6

Thirteen histologically proven cases of bronchial carcinoid from the literature and eight cases from the Armed Forces Tumor Registry, all under 20 yr of age, are presented. Hemoptysis, cough, and pneumonia were the most frequent presenting complaints. Bronchoscopy defined the lesion in all 16 cases so studied. Gross and microscopic pathology is briefly described, and treatment in these cases outlined. A good long-term prognosis can be expected, except in those cases with a long delay in diagnosis.
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PMID:Bronchial carcinoid tumors in children and adolescents. 19 21

A 23-year-old woman, who had suffered recurrent acute bronchitis, dyspnoea, and stridor, was found to have a tracheal stenosis and complete left main bronchus obstruction. Biopsy of the tumour showed an adenoid cystic carcinoma. After pneumonectomy the trachea was closed through tumour tissue. Two weeks later a right thoracotomy showed that a tumour had invaded the trachea from the carina up to 6 cm and the right stem bronchus for 1 cm. Under extracorporeal circulation 7.5 cm of the trachea and right bronchus were resected. A direct tracheal anastomosis was easy to perform. Spontaneous respiration with efficient coughing returned after five days. Unfortunately, one month later, high fever caused by a lung abscess developed, which provoked a massive haemoptysis with fatal outcome.
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PMID:Surgical treatment of adenoid cystic carcinoma of the left main bronchus and trachea by left pneumonectomy, resection of 7.5 cm of trachea, and direct reanastomosis of right lung. 22 43

The clinical, laboratory, and pathological features of six primary lymphoproliferative conditions of the lung are described. These comprise two patients with malignant lymphomas, one with pseudolymphoma, one with lymphoid interstitial pneumonia (LIP), one with lymphomatoid granulomatosis, and one with plasma cell granuloma. We recommend that the term 'premalignant lymphoma' be used for pseudolymphoma since the condition, although tending to remain localised, has a malignant potential. A combination of dyspnoea, cough, and pyrexia were the presenting features in our cases of premalignant and malignant lymphoma although they may often be discovered accidentally by chest radiography. The patient with LIP presented with the usual symptoms of dyspnoea and cough. The initial manifestations of the patient with lymphomatoid granulomatosis were skin radh and peripheral neuropathy nine months before the pulmonary symptoms, a not unusual occurrence. Plasma cell granuloma is often asymptomatic but our patient presented with cough, chest pain, haemoptysis. Premalignant lymphoma tends to pursue a benign course although exceptionally it may become disseminated. Malignant lymphoma may remain localised for many years but a significant proportion metastasise. Lymphomatoid granulomatosis and LIP have a varied course but both may terminate in malignant lymphoma. Plasma cell granuloma is always benign. The interrelationships of these conditions and their differential diagnosis are discussed.
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PMID:Primary lymphoproliferative conditions of lung. 30 83

A case is reported of pulmonary lymphangiomyomatosis in 44-year-old woman presenting with progressive exertional dyspnoea, unproductive cough and haemoptysis. The patient showed no symptoms or signs of tuberous sclerosis, a condition often found in association with pulmonary lymphangiomyomatosis. A pulmonary biopsy specimen showed disruption of alveolar septa and fibrosis. Subpleural lymph vessels and pulmonary venules showed cuffs of spindle-shaped cells. The leiomyomatous nature of these cells was evident from their appearance and staining reactions with light microscopy, and the presence of smooth muscle antigens as demonstrated by immunofluorescence technique. Since the lesion is not restricted to lymphatics, but can also be present in blood vessels, the condition may more appropriately be designated as pulmonary angiomyomatosis.
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PMID:Pulmonary lymphangiomyomatosis. Demonstration of smooth muscle antigens by immunofluorescence technique. 32 67

The pathophysiology, symptoms and treatment of paraquat intoxication, primarily from oral ingestion, and the pharmacology and pharmacokinetics of paraquat are reviewed. Toxicity has occurred after topical application, oral ingestion or inhalation of paraquat. Systemic toxicity has not been reported from smoking of paraquat-contaminated marijuana but heavy abusers of contaminated marijuana may experience coughing, hemoptysis and mouth irritation. Following ingestion of 30 mg/kg or 50 ml of a 21% (w/w) solution of paraquat (as the base), hepatic, cardiac or renal failure or death may occur. Smaller doses (greater than or equal to 4 mg/kg of paraquat base) may cause respiratory distress, renal dysfunction or, occasionally, jaundice or adrenal cortical necrosis. When paraquat ingestion is suspected, the drug should be removed immediately from the gastrointestinal tract by gastric lavage or by whole-gut irrigation. Adsorbents such as Fuller's earth, bentonite or activated charcoal may be used during gastric lavage. Combined use of forced diuresis (with furosemide, mannitol and i.v. dextrose in water or normal saline), hemodialysis or hemoperfusion is recommended until the compound cannot be detected in body fluids or the dialysate. Immediate and effective treatment is necessary to prevent systemic toxicity or death from paraquat intoxication.
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PMID:Paraquat poisoning: a review. 36 Aug 33


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