Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019079 (hemoptysis)
 6,129 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Pulmonary blastoma (PB) is an uncommon primary lung malignancy. This neoplasm was first described by Barrett and Barnard in 1945. The tumor is composed of immature epithelial and mesenchymal tissues which may recapitulate early embryological lung development. Under the microscope, the globular component resembles immature bronchus and connective tissue as seen in embryonic lung. More than one hundred cases have been reported in the literature. PB is more frequent in older people and in males and tends to affect blacks at younger ages. Symptomatology varies from asymptomatic to symptoms of a non-specific pulmonary disease. Cough, hemoptysis, dyspnea, chest pain, respiratory distress, fever, anorexia and weight loss are the most common presenting features. The most common roentgenologic pattern is a well-demarcated peripheral lesion, encapsulated by compression or atelectatic lung tissue, although in some cases there is a tendency to lobulation and cavitation. The size of the mass varies from a small peripheral nodule to a mass occupying the entire lobe or hemithorax. The treatment of choice has been surgical excision, radiation and, in selected cases, a combination of chemotherapy with radiation. The prognosis of this malignancy is poor; overall five-year survival is approximately 16 percent. No correlation has been established between histopathologic criteria and survival. The factors that indicate poor prognosis are tumor recurrence, metastasis at initial presentation, tumor size over 5 cm and lymph node metastasis. Liver, central nervous system and bones are the most frequent location of distant metastases. A rare case is presented of a pulmonary blastoma with an upper lip metastasis occurring in a paraplegic male. Diagnosis was confirmed by autopsy findings.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Pulmonary blastoma presenting as a solitary lip metastasis: case report and review of the literature. 755 26

A retrospective clinicopathological study of bronchogenic carcinoma in patients admitted to Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH) during a 17-year period (1975-1991) is presented. Out of the 148 cases, 88 were confirmed histopathologically and in the remaining 66 cases, diagnosis was based on a combination of clinical and radiological features. Epidermoid carcinoma was the commonest histopathological variant and the male/female ratio was 2:1. Sixty five percent of the patients admitted to being heavy smokers. The majority of patients presented with weight loss, chronic cough with chest pain and haemoptysis in that order. With an average of nine cases yearly, this study shows that this disease is still uncommon in Nigerians.
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PMID:Primary pulmonary carcinoma in Lagos, Nigeria: a clinicopathological study. 755 78

Massive hemoptysis and/or recurrent expectoration of measurable amounts of blood are common complications of chronic bronchopulmonary infections in cystic fibrosis (CF). When conservative treatment fails to control bleeding, surgery or bronchial artery embolization (BAE) is frequently considered. We present our experience and long-term follow up of BAE in 14 CF patients (age range 15-39 years) with massive (6 subjects) and/or recurrent (8 subjects) hemoptysis not responsive to medical treatment. Seven had chronic hypercapnic respiratory failure. After angiographic evaluation, polyvinyl alcohol particles (Ivalon) were injected to embolize obviously enlarged bronchial arteries. Seventeen procedures were performed in 14 patients and 36 bronchial arteries were embolized. All the patients stopped bleeding immediately upon BAE. Most of the patients had postembolization fever, dysphagia, and transient chest pain which were managed symptomatically. After a median follow-up period of 10.5 months (range 0.5-38 months), no recurrence of hemoptysis was observed in 8 patients who are still alive. In 3 patients hemoptysis recurred and they underwent reembolization after 3, 22, and 25 months, respectively. Three subjects died of respiratory failure within 5 months from BAE. Presently, 50% of patients studied had a > or = 1 year interval free of major hemoptysis after the first BAE. Our experience indicates that massive and/or recurrent hemoptysis in CF patients can be safety and effectively managed by BAE if the procedure is performed by a skilled practitioner. The procedure was well tolerated and resulted in prolonged and satisfactory bleeding control in most patients.
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PMID:Bronchial artery embolization in the management of hemoptysis in cystic fibrosis. 756 13

In neutropenic patients, one way of improving invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) prognosis is an earlier initiation of the antifungal treatment. We report our experience with 36 cases of IPA in 35 patients with haematological malignancies. When aspergillosis was diagnosed, all but 2 patients were neutropenic (PMN < 500; median duration = 20 days). The most frequent clinical signs were cough (100%), chest pain (78%) and haemoptysis (58%). Before the diagnosis of IPA, Aspergillus antibody test was positive in 60% of cases. A thoracic CT-scan was performed in 23 patients and demonstrated highly suggestive images in 22 cases (96%) with presence of CT halo sign (n = 13) or CT air-crescent sign (n = 9). Moreover, Aspergillus antigen test was positive in 13 of 28 tested patients. IPA diagnosis was determined to be definite in 23 cases and probable or possible in 13 cases. Thirty-five patients were treated: in 3 cases with amphotericin B (2 failures) and in 32 cases with itraconazole (7 failures and 25 successes or improvements). In 7 cases (including 5 emergencies) surgical resection was successfully combined with the medical treatment. In neutropenic patients with fever, we consider that thoracic CT-scan and repeated biological tests (Aspergillus antibody and antigen tests) can be used to establish the diagnosis of aspergillosis. Early treatment with itraconazole and surgical resection appears to improve prognosis.
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PMID:[Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in neutropenic patients. Analysis of a series of 36 cases: contribution of thoracic scanners and itraconazole]. 759 47

Pulmonary echinococcosis is a rare disease in Taiwan and has never been reported in Taiwan's literatures. Here we report an overseas Chinese from Calcutta, India, presenting with recurrent hemoptysis and chest pain and with two big lung masses on chest roentgenogram. Rupture and spike fever ensured after fine needle aspiration of the cysts. Successful surgical intervention was obtained and echinococcal infection was documented pathologically.
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PMID:Pulmonary echinococcosis--a case report. 764 Nov 13

Interstitial lung diseases (ILD) are disorders of the lower respiratory tract, characterized by chronic inflammation of the lung parenchyma, varying degree of fibrosis, derangement of the alveolar walls and loss of the functional alveolar capillary units. ILD are relatively uncommon in children. Most of the interstitial lung diseases have no known etiology. In children, common diseases associated with ILD include viral respiratory tract infections (RSV, parainfluenza, etc.), gastroesophageal reflux, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary hemosiderosis, eosinophilic pneumonia, pneumonitis associated with AIDS, etc. Chronic inflammation of the alveoli (alveolitis), the initial injury in ILD, and several mediators released from inflammatory cells (eosinophils, neutrophils and macrophages) can cause fibrosis and derangement of alveolar walls. Dyspnea and a non-productive cough are the cardinal symptoms of ILD. Other findings include chest pain, hemoptysis and weight loss. Clubbing of fingers occur in approximately 50 per cent of cases. Diagnosis is based on a combination of history, clinical findings, radiographic findings, pulmonary function tests and histologic findings. Open lung biopsy has been very helpful in providing information regarding the extent and nature of the damage, prognosis and response to therapy. There are 3 main aspects in the treatment of ILD. The most important step is to identify and eliminate the cause. The second is suppression of the inflammation. The third is supportive and symptomatic treatment. Corticosteroids are the drugs commonly used for suppression of inflammation. Immunosuppressive drugs (azathioprine, cyclophosphamide) have also been tried. Lung transplantation and heart transplantation have been successfully achieved in selected patients. The results of therapy should be regularly monitored by clinical symptoms, chest radiographs and serial pulmonary function studies.
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PMID:Interstitial lung diseases in children: a review. 764 31

Although the capacity for some pulmonary carcinomas to mimic sarcomas is well recognized, their potential resemblance to selected benign lesions of the lung is currently underappreciated. The authors herein report three examples of sarcomatoid bronchogenic carcinoma with a deceptively bland appearance and an investment of reactive inflammation, such that they resembled pseudotumors histologically. These lesions occurred in two men and one woman who were 44, 61, and 63 years old, respectively, at diagnosis. All patients presented with a productive cough, hemoptysis, or chest pain. Their pulmonary masses were irregularly marginated radiographically, and ranged in size from 2.5 to 5.5 cm. Two were treated with lobectomy, and one underwent a wedge excision, followed by radiotherapy to the thorax. Despite these measures, each patient with inflammatory sarcomatoid carcinoma (ISC) died of disease or is likely to do so. Microscopically, ISCs were composed of uniform spindle cell proliferations with only modest nuclear pleomorphism, limited mitotic activity, and an arrangement in fascicles, storiform configurations, or haphazard arrays. Lymphocytes and plasma cells were interspersed throughout each of them, and keloidal stromal collagen was apparent internally in two examples. Two of the neoplasms also invaded pulmonary blood vessels or bronchi. A comparison group of 10 adults with pulmonary inflammatory pseudotumors (IPs) of the fibrous histiocytoma type shared several clinical attributes with ISC and showed closely similar histological features, except that the IPs lacked mitoses and invasiveness, and contained xanthoma cells or multinucleated elements in some cases in this series. Immunohistochemical analyses showed consistent dissimilarities between ISC and IP; keratin and epithelial membrane antigen were present in ISC but not IP, whereas actin was observed only in the proliferating spindle cells of IP. In summary, the potential clinicopathologic overlap between ISC and IP suggests that caution should be exercised in the separation of these two lesions. In particular, it is unwise to attempt to make this distinction in an intraoperative frozen section setting.
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PMID:Inflammatory sarcomatoid carcinoma of the lung: report of three cases and clinicopathologic comparison with inflammatory pseudotumors in adult patients. 767 83

Septicaemia and mycotic aneurysm may occur in a patient who is an enteric-carrier of Salmonella typhimurium. We report such a case of an elderly man who presented with chest pain and fatal massive haemoptysis from a likely mycotic thoracic aneurysm. This report underscores the importance of increased awareness of the disease which may allow more frequent and earlier diagnosis.
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PMID:Fatal haemoptysis in Salmonella typhimurium septicaemia--a cautionary tale. 770 78

A 45-year-old man was admitted with left chest pain and hemoptysis. Chest CT on admission showed multiple areas of wedge-shaped consolidation in both lung fields. A perfusion lung scintigram showed bilateral deficits in both lungs, whereas a ventilation scintigram was normal. The serum concentration and the functional activity of protein C were 41% and 42%, respectively. The same results were obtained from studies of the patient's mother and two sons, which indicated that this was a case of congenital protein C deficiency with pulmonary infarction.
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PMID:[Congenital protein C deficiency with pulmonary infarction]. 773 77

We present 25 cases of a primary pulmonary sarcoma bearing histological, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural features indistinguishable from those of monophasic synovial sarcoma of soft tissue. The patients were 11 men and 14 women between the ages of 16 and 77 years. Clinically, the most common symptoms were chest pain, cough, shortness of breath, and hemoptysis. The lesions involved all lung segments. Grossly, they varied in size from 0.6 to 20 cm and were described as soft to rubbery tumors with areas of necrosis and hemorrhage, some with cystic changes. Two lesions involved the bronchial wall and in one case the tumor was described as encircling the bronchial tree. Histologically, all of the lesions were characterized by an atypical spindle cell proliferation with a solid growth pattern. Areas of myxoid, neural, hemangiopericytic, and epithelial-like growth pattern were observed. Mitoses, necrosis, and hemorrhage were seen in all lesions in varying proportions. Immunohistochemical studies for epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) and keratin showed strong focal positivity in 25 of 25 and 23 of 25 lesions, respectively. Immunohistochemical study for vimentin showed diffuse strong positivity in all lesions. Other immunostains, including desmin, smooth muscle actin, and S-100 protein, were negative. Electron microscopy in three cases showed spindle cells with elongated nuclei containing abundant cytoplasmic rough endoplasmic reticulum and well developed desmosome type intercellular junctions. Follow-up information ranging from 2 to 20 years was obtained in 18 patients. Six patients died of their tumors, whereas four patients died of unrelated causes without evidence of recurrence or metastases. Eight patients were alive with disease (recurrence and/or metastases) from 1 to 7 years after diagnosis. Four patients were alive and well without evidence of recurrence or metastases from 2 to 20 years (mean follow-up, 12.5 years). The present group of lesions appears to constitute a distinctive and as yet previously undescribed primary sarcoma of the lung, which probably represents the visceral counterpart of monophasic synovial sarcoma of soft tissue in a pulmonary location. Because of their distinctive biology these lesions should be distinguished from a variety of primary and metastatic malignancies of the lung.
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PMID:Primary pulmonary sarcomas with features of monophasic synovial sarcoma: a clinicopathological, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural study of 25 cases. 775 Sep 31


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