Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0019079 (hemoptysis)
 6,129 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The endobronchial localization of Hodgkin's disease is a rare entity which is often confused with endobronchial tuberculosis in our setting. We report the case of a 16 years old female who presented with 6 months history of dry cough, hemoptysis, dyspnea, dysphagia and dysphonia. The chest radiography showed a mediastinal and pulmonary opacity. The chest CT scan found enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes. The bronchial biopsy and peripheral lymph node biopsy confirmed Hodgkin's disease with endobronchial localization. The patient received chemotherapy (ABVD protocol) and radiotherapy with a favorable follow up.
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PMID:Endobronchial localization of Hodgkin's disease. 2913 55

Hoarseness is a common presentation in primary care practices. Combined with other voice-related changes, it falls under the umbrella diagnosis of dysphonia. Hoarseness has a number of causes, ranging from simple inflammatory processes to less common psychiatric disorders to more serious systemic, neurologic, or cancerous conditions. Medication-induced hoarseness is common and should be considered. The initial evaluation begins with a targeted history and physical examination, while also looking for signs of potential systemic etiologies. Treatment should begin with voice rest, especially avoidance of whispering, and conservative management directed toward a presumptive cause. For example, proton pump inhibitors are appropriate for hoarseness due to reflux, and proper vocal hygiene is recommended for vocal abuse-related indications. In the absence of a clear indication, antibiotics, oral corticosteroids, and proton pump inhibitors should not be used for the empiric treatment of hoarseness. Direct visualization of the larynx and vocal folds, commonly mislabeled as vocal cords, should be performed within three months if an etiology has not been determined or if conservative management has been ineffective. Patients who experience symptoms lasting longer than two weeks and who have risk factors for dysplasia (e.g., tobacco use, heavy alcohol use, hemoptysis) may require earlier laryngoscopic evaluation. Voice therapy is effective for improving voice quality in patients with dysphonia if conservative measures are unsuccessful, and it can also be helpful for prophylaxis in high-risk individuals (e.g., vocalists, public speakers). Surgical management is indicated for laryngeal or vocal fold dysplasia or malignancy, airway obstruction, or benign pathology resistant to conservative treatment.
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PMID:Hoarseness in Adults. 2943 4

OBJECTIVE: To review the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, clinical efficacy, safety, administration, and role of amikacin liposome inhalation suspension (ALIS) in treatment of Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) lung disease.<br/> DATA SOURCES: A PubMed search using the terms "amikacin inhaled," "nebulized," and "liposome suspension" was performed. Selected infectious diseaseconference posters were also examined for relevant information. In addition, pertinent guidelines were reviewed.<br/> STUDY SELECTION/DATA EXTRACTION: Guidelines for the management of nontuberculous mycobacterial infections from the American Thoracic Society/ Infectious Diseases Society of America and the British Thoracic Society were used to summarize guidelinebased therapy (GBT). A phase II and a phase III clinical trial were reviewed to evaluate the role of ALIS in the treatment of MAC lung disease.<br/> DATA SYNTHESIS: ALIS is a new formulation of inhaled amikacin (AMK) indicated for the treatment of MAC lung disease refractory to GBT in adults who are not candidates for intravenous AMK. An ongoing clinical trial has demonstrated that once-daily ALIS plus GBT results in higher rates of culture conversion compared with GBT alone by month 6 among patients with a mean age of 65 years. The most common adverse reactions associated with ALIS were dysphonia, cough, bronchospasm, hemoptysis, and ototoxicity. Nephrotoxicity was uncommon.<br/> CONCLUSION: ALIS has been shown to increase culture conversion rates when added to GBT in adults with difficult-to-treat MAC lung disease. ALIS is associated with high rates of pulmonary and auditory adverse reactions and a low risk of renal adverse reactions. ALIS may be an attractive treatment option for older adults who are at high risk for nephrotoxicity.
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PMID:Amikacin Liposome Inhalation Suspension for Mycobacterium avium Complex Lung Disease. 3219 65


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