Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019079 (hemoptysis)
 6,129 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The imaging investigations in six patients with alveolar soft part sarcoma (ASPS) are reviewed. Five patients presented with a pelvic or lower limb mass and one with haemoptysis from pulmonary metastases. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), CT, Doppler US and angiography studies demonstrated the highly vascular nature of this rare tumour and the frequent occurrence of pulmonary and intracranial metastases. Previously unreported Doppler US and MR evidence of multiple enlarged vessels and high blood flow within primary and secondary ASPS tumours is emphasized. Imaging is of considerable importance both for pre-operative localization and long term surveillance of this slow growing but invariably disseminating tumour.
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PMID:Imaging of alveolar soft part sarcoma. 142 47

This study represents the examination of 14 primary, malignant pleural tumours--10 mesotheliomas and 4 sarcomas--in respect of the radiological appearance and clinical signs and symptoms. The presentation was widely different in the mesothelioma patients: 3 presented the radiological image of a mantle-like apicocaudal callosity. In 3 patients and extrapulmonary space-occupying growth was seen; one case presented with an interlobar effusion. Pleural effusion was additionally present in 6 cases. Of the 4 sarcoma patients, 3 presented with an intrapulmonary space-occupying growth and one only with an extrapulmonary lesion. Pleural effusion was definitely seen in 2 patients with pleural sarcoma. Therapy-resistant refractory thoracic pain was the principal clinical sign. Other symptoms were not so frequent, such as loss of body weight, tiredness, dyspnoea, hemoptysis and cough.
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PMID:[Primary malignant tumors of the pleura]. 372 17

A 46-year-old man with a primary sarcoma of the pulmonary artery is presented. The tumor was responsive to radiotherapy, and the patient is the longest reported survivor of this rare disease. The tumor spread distally in the pulmonary vasculature, with probable embolization to the central nervous system, and he died 27 months after the initial diagnosis, with sudden massive hemoptysis. Pulmonary artery sarcomas are a rare cause of obstruction of the right ventricular outflow. The course of our patient suggests that early recognition and therapy may provide some of these patients with effective palliation and prolonged survival.
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PMID:Unusual survival after pulmonary artery sarcoma. 724 25

A case of polypoid sarcoma of the pulmonary trunk is described in an 80-year-old woman who had a 21-year history of episodic chest pain and hemoptysis. Ultrastructural examination revealed Z bands, characteristic of rhabdomyosarcoma, and leptomeric organelles. This is the 60th reported case of sarcoma of the pulmonary trunk. Symptoms in reported cases were variable, usually caused by tumor emboli to the lungs or by right ventricular outflow obstruction. Angiography was diagnostic. The tumor was characteristically polypoid, often multicentric, and by definition was fixed to the pulmonary trunk or valves. Non-differentiated sarcoma (often uniquely pleomorphic) was found in 37% of patients, leiomyosarcoma (once confirmed by electron microscopy) in 17%, myxosarcoma in 13%, elements of rhabdomyosarcoma in 8%, fibrosarcoma in 8%, elements of chondrosarcoma in 11%, and 5% were malignant mesenchymomas. The authors suggest that these tumors originate from the undifferentiated tissues of the bulbus cordis and propose the name myenchymoma for the tumor.
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PMID:Polypoid sarcoma of the pulmonary trunk: analysis of the literature and report of a case with leptomeric organelles and ultrastructural features of rhabdomyosarcoma. 738 74

We present 25 cases of a primary pulmonary sarcoma bearing histological, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural features indistinguishable from those of monophasic synovial sarcoma of soft tissue. The patients were 11 men and 14 women between the ages of 16 and 77 years. Clinically, the most common symptoms were chest pain, cough, shortness of breath, and hemoptysis. The lesions involved all lung segments. Grossly, they varied in size from 0.6 to 20 cm and were described as soft to rubbery tumors with areas of necrosis and hemorrhage, some with cystic changes. Two lesions involved the bronchial wall and in one case the tumor was described as encircling the bronchial tree. Histologically, all of the lesions were characterized by an atypical spindle cell proliferation with a solid growth pattern. Areas of myxoid, neural, hemangiopericytic, and epithelial-like growth pattern were observed. Mitoses, necrosis, and hemorrhage were seen in all lesions in varying proportions. Immunohistochemical studies for epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) and keratin showed strong focal positivity in 25 of 25 and 23 of 25 lesions, respectively. Immunohistochemical study for vimentin showed diffuse strong positivity in all lesions. Other immunostains, including desmin, smooth muscle actin, and S-100 protein, were negative. Electron microscopy in three cases showed spindle cells with elongated nuclei containing abundant cytoplasmic rough endoplasmic reticulum and well developed desmosome type intercellular junctions. Follow-up information ranging from 2 to 20 years was obtained in 18 patients. Six patients died of their tumors, whereas four patients died of unrelated causes without evidence of recurrence or metastases. Eight patients were alive with disease (recurrence and/or metastases) from 1 to 7 years after diagnosis. Four patients were alive and well without evidence of recurrence or metastases from 2 to 20 years (mean follow-up, 12.5 years). The present group of lesions appears to constitute a distinctive and as yet previously undescribed primary sarcoma of the lung, which probably represents the visceral counterpart of monophasic synovial sarcoma of soft tissue in a pulmonary location. Because of their distinctive biology these lesions should be distinguished from a variety of primary and metastatic malignancies of the lung.
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PMID:Primary pulmonary sarcomas with features of monophasic synovial sarcoma: a clinicopathological, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural study of 25 cases. 775 Sep 31

Pulmonary artery rhabdomyosarcomas are rare lesions, with a small number of cases reported in the literature. We report a case of pulmonary artery rhabdomyosarcoma that arose in the right pulmonary artery. The patient presented with cough, chest pain, and hemoptysis and was found to have a sarcoma arising in the right pulmonary artery and extending distally within the pulmonary vasculature into the right lung. The gross pathologic features, microscopic appearance, immunohistochemical profile, and computed tomographic and electron microscopic findings are presented. The site of origin and differential diagnosis of these lesions are discussed.
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PMID:Pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma arising in association with the right pulmonary artery. 797 18

Kaposi's sarcoma is very common in patients with AIDS. Usually, skin lesions are associated with various visceral involvements. A homosexual patient with AIDS presented with cough and dyspnea, which were followed months later by hemoptysis. He had no skin lesions or endobronchial Kaposi's sarcoma at any time. His chest radiograph showed only an irregular solitary nodule. It exhibited very slow development over time. Surgery was performed, and this solitary nodule proved to be pulmonary Kaposi's sarcoma. Pulmonary Kaposi was the sole manifestation of this associated AIDS sarcoma. This very unusual case report of pulmonary Kaposi sarcoma indicates that this diagnosis should be considered in patients with AIDS presenting with a solitary pulmonary nodule.
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PMID:Pulmonary Kaposi's sarcoma revealed by a solitary nodule in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. 814 39

A case of pulmonary leiomyosarcoma originating in the left pulmonary artery stem in a 28-year-old Japanese man is reported. The patient complained of recurrent hemoptysis. The diagnosis was made at exploratory thoracotomy. Two days following thoracotomy, under cardio-pulmonary bypass, the upper one-third of the pulmonary trunk and part of the right pulmonary artery stem were resected and left pneumonectomy was performed. A Dacron prosthetic 23 mm composite graft was inserted to replace the pulmonary trunk and a portion of the right pulmonary artery. Postoperative course was uneventful. The patient died about 8 months after surgery because of right lung metastases. In our review of surgically treated forty-eight cases, complete resection was performed in 11, incomplete resection in 23, and embolectomy in 6, whereas 8 were unresectable. A localisation often not allowing adequate resection of the tumor or the advanced stage of the tumor at surgery are considered the main causes of the poor prognosis of the pulmonary sarcoma.
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PMID:Primary pulmonary-artery sarcoma. Report of a case with complete resection and graft replacement, and review of 47 surgically treated cases reported in the literature. 818 99

To determine the clinical presentation of patients with malignancies metastatic to the lung, the diagnostic utility of fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FB), and the primary site of malignancies metastasizing endobronchially, we retrospectively reviewed 1,853 FB records (1987 to 1991) and selected 111 cases for review. Cases were divided on the basis of FB findings into abnormal (44 patients) and normal (67 patients). Pulmonary symptoms (cough, hemoptysis, and chest pain) prompted referral significantly more often in the abnormal FB group (34/44) than in the normal FB group (24/67). The finding of atelectasis on chest radiograph occurred more frequently in patients with endobronchial abnormalities. The spectrum of extrapulmonary malignancies that metastasize endobronchially has changed during the AIDS epidemic. Our study shows the most frequent causes of endobronchial mass lesions were Kaposi's sarcoma and the lymphoma group (Hodgkin's disease, nonHodgkin's lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia) and the most common malignancies causing submucosal metastases were breast and the lymphoma group. In summary, the highest yield from FB can be expected in patients experiencing symptoms of cough or hemoptysis and/or having radiographic evidence of atelectasis. We propose a new mnemonic "KLAS" (Kaposi's sarcoma, Lymphoma, Adenocarcinoma, Sarcoma) to describe the malignancies most likely to metastasize endobronchially in the 1990s.
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PMID:Fiberoptic bronchoscopy in the evaluation of carcinoma metastatic to the lung. 830 46

A 38-year-old woman came for treatment with massive hemoptysis. A hilar density was observed on a chest radiograph. Transthoracic echocardiography demonstrated an intravascular pulmonary arterial mass that was studied in further detail with multiplane and panoramic transesophageal echocardiography. Surgical resection proved the mass to be a sarcoma arising from the main pulmonary artery. This case report demonstrates the utility of multiplane and panoramic transesophageal echocardiography in the study of intravascular tumors of the thorax.
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PMID:Delineation of pulmonary artery sarcoma with multiplane and panoramic transesophageal echocardiography. 831 70


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