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Query: UMLS:C0019079 (hemoptysis)
 6,129 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Two patients referred to Ochsner Foundation Hospital after ventricular aneurysm repair had the delayed pulmonary complications of massive hemoptysis and bronchiectasis. Only three cases of infected ventricular aneurysm repair have been reported previously. The felt buttress used in aneurysm repair may be the seat of indolent infection or it may erode into pulmonary tissue with secondary infection. For anatomic reasons the lingular segment of the lung appears to be at increased risk of involvement. Symptoms led to the correct diagnosis in one case at 7 months and in the other at 3 years after the original operation. Infection may be prevented by appropriate measures. However, should such a catastrophe occur, aggressive surgical therapy with removal of all foreign material is mandatory.
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PMID:Delayed pulmonary complications of ventricular aneurysm repair. Report of two cases and review of the literature. 746 2

We evaluated 20 patients with pulmonary strongyloidiasis for risk factors, clinical and imaging manifestations, complications, treatment, and outcome. Eighteen (90%) had risk factors for strongyloidiasis including steroid use, age greater than 65, chronic lung disease, use of histamine blockers, or chronic debilitating illness. Pulmonary signs and symptoms, including cough, shortness of breath, wheezing, and hemoptysis, were present in 19 (95%); adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) developed in 9 (45%). Pulmonary infiltrates occurred in 18 (90%). Gastrointestinal signs and symptoms were also common. Peripheral blood eosinophilia occurred in 15 (75%). Twelve (60%) had secondary infection, and 3 (15%) had bacterial lung abscesses. All were treated with thiabendazole, 25 mg/kg twice daily; on average, patients without ARDS were treated for 3 days, versus 7 days for those with ARDS. Seventy percent responded to therapy; 30% died. Preexisting chronic lung disease and ARDS were statistically significant predictors of a poor prognosis.
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PMID:Clinical and imaging features of pulmonary strongyloidiasis. 854 86

A 19-year-old man presented with cough and haemoptysis of ten days duration. He also had mild right hypochondrial pain. Chest radiograph and computed tomography (CT) showed a rounded soft tissue density opacity with an air crescent sign. CT showed multiple cystic lesions in the liver with a daughter cyst in its lateral wall. Diagnosis of hydatid disease of lung and liver was made. The contents of the liver cyst were aspirated, hypertonic saline instilled, re-aspirated, and absolute alcohol injected. Hydatid disease is endemic in certain parts of the world. Although the lungs and liver are most frequently affected, the disease can arise in any part of the body and should be kept in differential diagnosis whenever a cystic lesion is encountered. Hydatid cysts typically demonstrate characteristic imaging findings, however, the appearances may become complicated due to cyst rupture or secondary infection. Ultrasonography is the imaging modality of choice particularly in hepatic disease. CT best demonstrates cyst wall calcification and cyst infection.
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PMID:Clinics in diagnostic imaging (102). 1604 17

We describe a case of a 19-year-old man who developed traumatic pulmonary pseudocysts after a rollover road traffic crash. These were associated with significant pulmonary haemorrhage requiring a period of mechanical ventilation, but resolved without specific intervention. Review of the literature confirms that this rare complication of blunt chest trauma occurs usually in young adults and, although normally benign, can be associated with life-threatening haemoptysis and secondary infection.
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PMID:Traumatic pulmonary pseudocysts. 1738 81

Traumatic pulmonary pseudocyst (TPP) is a rare complication, sometimes encountered after blunt thoracic trauma and even more rarely following penetrating injuries. It is more common among pediatric and young adult patients. Although TPP is usually benign in nature, complications associated with hemoptysis and secondary infection may develop. The treatment is conservative. In this report, we present two rare cases of TPP occuring after a high-speed accident and a stab wound injury, where conservative treatment provided good outcomes.
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PMID:Traumatic pulmonary pseuodocysts: two case reports. 1795 72

Described by Reich and Johnson in 1992 [2], the Lady Windermere syndrome occurs exclusively in non-smoking women over the age of 60 years, without significant pre-existing pulmonary disease. It comprises bronchial dilatation, typically in the middle lobe and lingula, together with secondary infection by atypical mycobacteria (Mycobacterium avium in the first cases). Among the 17 cases of atypical mycobacterial infection that we have seen in the past 14 years, there were seven cases of this syndrome. It was associated with cough, sputum, sometimes haemoptysis, febrile episodes and deterioration of general health. The diagnostic criteria and treatment were defined by the American Thoracic Society. The pathophysiological hypothesis proposed by Reich and Johnson was that voluntary suppression of the cough led to congestion of the bronchi and secondary infection with atypical mycobacteria. Currently it is thought more likely that the following factors are involved: progressive increase in dilatation of small bronchi, delayed diagnosis, morphological abnormalities of the thorax, hormonal factors, immune deficiency, genetic neutrophil dysfunction, and even heterozygous forms of cystic fibrosis.
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PMID:[The Lady Windermere syndrome: clinical and bacteriological data and progress in seven cases]. 2268 89

The diagnosis of unruptured pulmonary hydatidosis is based on classical radiologic features. However, ruptured or complicated hydatid cysts alter the radiologic signs and lead to delayed or incorrect diagnosis. The role of flexible bronchoscopy was assessed as a diagnostic tool in the evaluation in such cases. Between 2002 and 2008, 14 patients (7 female, 7 male), aged between 18 and 55 years, with a mean age of 36 years, were evaluated for pulmonary hydatidosis. Clinical history, radiologic findings, and other investigations of the patients were reviewed retrospectively at a tertiary referral center. All 14 patients were symptomatic, with cough, hemoptysis, and chest pain being the most common symptoms. Seven patients had right lung involvement, whereas 6 patients had left-sided predilection, and the remainder presented with pleural disease. At flexible bronchoscopy, white glistening membrane could be observed in 9 patients, whereas cytologic evaluation of bronchial washing did not show cuticular particles, degenerated scoleces, or hooklets in any of the cases. Twelve patients underwent uneventful surgical intervention. Surgical specimens showed 2 unruptured pulmonary hydatid cysts (uncomplicated), 1 pleural hydatid, and 9 ruptured pulmonary hydatid cysts. Of the 9 ruptured hydatid cyst cases, evidence of fungal (aspergillus) colonization, bacterial infection, and coexistent tuberculous granuloma was reported in 2 cases each. Bronchoscopy is an important tool that aids in confirming the diagnosis before surgery, especially in complicated pulmonary hydatidosis. Special stains for cytologic specimen should be used if the possibility of ruptured hydatid is thought to improve the diagnostic yield. The histopathology of the surgical specimen should be reviewed for associated secondary infection and fungal colonization.
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PMID:Bronchoscopy in pulmonary hydatidosis: retrospective analysis. 2316 46

We studied cases of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) over a 2-year period among immunocompetent patients who presented to a rural medical college in West Bengal, India to determine a clinical and hematological profile among these patients. We studied a total of 36 cases of VL; the male to female ratio of the cases was 1.6:1 and the mean age was 20.1+/-11.1 years. A detailed history, physical examination, hemogram, bone marrow or splenic aspiration and chest x-ray were conducted on all cases. A CT-scan of the thorax and fiberoptic bronchoscopy were performed in selected cases. Fever and splenomegaly were present in all cases. Weakness, abdominal pain, bleeding, and hepatomegaly were seen in 63.9, 27.8, 8.3 and 58.3% of cases, respectively. Pancytopenia, bicytopenia, leukopenia and thrombocytopenia were seen in 58.3, 41.7, 61.1 and 83.3% of cases, respectively. Five patients (13.9%) had cough, 2 (5.6%) had hemoptysis, 6 (16.7%) had an abnormal chest x-ray and 3 (8.3%) had localized reticulo-nodular opacities on a CT-scan of the thorax. Bronchoalveolar lavage showed gram-positive cocci in 2 cases (5.6%). One patient died of acute respiratory distress syndrome. Cytopenia was common among the series of VL patients. Pulmonary complications, usually secondary infection, were less frequent (found in 13.9% cases) but was fatal in one patient.
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PMID:Clinico-hematological profile of visceral leishmaniasis among immunocompetent patients. 2369 21