Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019079 (hemoptysis)
 6,129 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Intralobar pulmonary sequestration signifies an abnormal and non-aerated mass in the lung, supplied by a systemic artery. Twelve cases are submitted, 10 treated by surgery and two conservatively. There was a male preponderance 11:1, and half the patients were over 25 years. In 66% the abnormality was situated basally on the left side A definite diagnosis can be made only by arteriography, visualizing the number, site, and size of the anomalous vessel(s). Clinically, the symptoms may range from no symptoms at all (four of the present patients) to recurrent pneumonia, cough, and haemoptysis (five of the present patients). In two patients the excised tissue showed epithelial proliferations, tumourlets and slight epithelial dysplasia, but no manifest malignancy. Surgical resection is the only curative treatment for intrapulmonary sequestration. In "silent" cases it is felt justified to apply conservative treatment should primary surgery be contra-indicated.
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PMID:Intralobar pulmonary sequestration. A report of 12 cases. 65 24

Hereditary familial telangiectasis is a vascular dysplasia characterized by a triple syndrome: hereditary character, telangiectasias and hemorrhages. Its association with systemic and/or pulmonary arterio-venous fistulae is frequent and can condition several complications: cerebral abscess, digestive hemorrhages, epistaxis, hemoptysis, hypoxemia, polyglobulia, and rarely the appearance of hemothorax. We describe a patient who was admitted in hospital with a hypovolemic shock secondary to a massive hemothorax; during emergency surgery, which was necessary to perform, a pulmonary A-V fistula was observed in the middle lobe. The studies afterwards performed demonstrated that it was a Rendu-Osler-Weber disease with duodenal, hepatic, and cerebral involvement.
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PMID:[Massive hemothorax: an exceptional complication of Rendu-Osler-Weber disease]. 178 May 31

For 6 weeks a 52-year-old woman had complained of increasing fatigue, blood-streaked vomitus, retrosternal burning and pain between the shoulder blades. Physical examination showed no abnormalities. Blood sedimentation rate was increased to 15/40 mm and the iron concentration was slightly reduced. Computed tomography demonstrated densities in the left upper lobe of the lung and both lower lobes. Scintigraphy revealed a perfusion defect in the left apex of the lung while bronchoscopy demonstrated acute bronchitis in the left upper lobe. Further haemoptysis occurred 3 months later, but several bronchoscopies failed to elucidate their cause. Three days later another haemoptysis caused respiratory arrest. After resuscitation the bleeding was localized to the right main bronchus, and the right upper and middle lobes were resected. The patient died the next day from a massive haemoptysis. Post-mortem examination showed angiodysplasia in all lobes of the lung. The branches of the pulmonary artery were dilated, their wall was irregular and the muscular tunica media reduced. The elastic lamellae were fragmented and there were cell-rich intimal pads. These changes most closely resembled fibromuscular dysplasia.
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PMID:[Pulmonary angiodysplasia with fatal pulmonary hemorrhage]. 851 18

A 26-year-old man had a total repair of tetralogy of Fallot at 1 year of age, and had redo surgery for restenosis of the right ventricular outflow tract and small residual VSD at 11 years of age. After the second operation, AV block developed and an endocardial pacemaker system was implanted. For the last 3 years, he had mild febrile episodes, cough, occasional hemoptysis and paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia. Because of his refractory tachycardia and suspected infective endocarditis, he was admitted for further study. Blood culture revealed Peptostreptococcus, echocardiogram showed vegetation around intravenous pacing lead, and electrophysiological study demonstrated delayed potential on the left side of the right ventricular outflow tract. He underwent scartectomy and cryoablation of the focus of the tachycardia which was reconfirmed by epicardial and endocardial mapping during the operation, which involved removal of the endocardial lead and new outflow tract patch repair. His postoperative course was uneventful without any antiarrhythmic drugs. Pathological examination of the scar showed myocardial fibrosis and replacement by fatty tissue which was different from the pathological characters of the arrythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia.
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PMID:[Successful scartectomy and cryoablation for ventricular tachycardia occurring late after correction of tetralogy of Fallot]. 896 97

Although hematologic dysplasia is common in HIV disease, evolution to AML is unusual. We report a case of AML in a patient with stage-C3 AIDS who had been previously treated with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). This 41-year-old black man presented with pancytopenia (Hg 8.6 g/dl, Hct 24.3%, platelets 16,000/mm3, WBC 0.6 x 10(3)/mm3) and hemoptysis. His peripheral smear manifested 19% blasts. His bone marrow biopsy was hypocellular (20%) with greater than 90% blasts, which were positive for myeloperoxidase and Sudan black B. The blasts were negative for nonspecific esterase. Immunophenotypic analysis by flow cytometry showed the majority of cells to be of myeloid lineage, expressing CD13, and CD45 at low intensity. In addition, there was aberrant expression of CD2 and no expression of CD14 or CD4. The diagnosis of AML-FAB-M1 was made. The patient refused chemotherapy. Of the rare cases of AML in HIV patients previously reported in the literature, the majority were of the monocytic or myelomonocytic subtype. This case is of special interest because of prior G-CSF therapy. In this setting, the relationship between HIV, G-CSF, and subsequent AML is controversial.
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PMID:Acute myelogenous leukemia (FAB AML-M1) in the setting of HIV infection and G-CSF therapy: a case report and review of the literature. 976 Jan 57

A 52 year old Chinese woman with a 25 year history of sicca syndrome (primary Sjogrens syndrome) was investigated for 3 episodes of haemoptysis. Clinical examination was unremarkable except for the presence of dry eyes and xerostomia. Computed tomography of the chest revealed a lobulated mass in the posterior basal segment of the left lower lobe. Histopathological examination of this resected nodule confirmed the diagnosis of nodular amyloidosis. The normal radiolabelled serum amyloid P component scintigraphy and the absence of monoclonal plasma cell dyscrasia in the bone marrow strongly support the diagnosis of localised nodular pulmonary AL amyloidosis in this patient. Nodular pulmonary amyloidosis can be associated with sicca syndrome and often simulates bronchogenic carcinoma, bronchiectasis or pulmonary tuberculosis.
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PMID:Localised nodular pulmonary amyloidosis in a patient with sicca syndrome. 1120 Jul 24

Hemoptysis is an uncommon presentation in children. It can be caused by several systemic and pulmonary disorders. Bleeding from an anomalous arterial supply to normal lung segments with no underlying pulmonary or cardiovascular disorders was widely reported in adults but is extremely rare in the pediatric age group. Here we describe 4 previously normal children and one girl with chronic lung disease, secondary to bronchopumonary dysplasia, with acute and significant hemoptysis of variable severity. Extensive clinical and laboratory investigations did not identify any reasonable causes for their symptoms. Cardiac catheterization showed dilated anomalous systemic arteries that supplied a pulmonary arteriovenous malformation in one case and normal basal lung segments in the other 4 cases. Embolization of the anomalous arterial collaterals led to occlusion of these arteries and the cessation of further hemoptysis.
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PMID:Severe hemoptysis from dilated systemic aberrant arteries supplying normal lung segments. 1537 34

Segmental mediolytic arteriopathy (SMA) is defined as non-inflammatory arteriopathy with mediolysis due to segmental loss of media and consecutive formation of vascular gaps. Up to now, less than 40 cases of visceral and cerebral SMA and, to our knowledge, only one case of pulmonary SMA have been reported. We present the history of a 21 year old female patient, admitted to hospital with hemoptysis, but without other symptoms. Apart from two lesions in the sixth and tenth pulmonary segment, documented by CT and interpreted as colliquations, there were no other clinical and laboratory findings. Repeated bronchoscopy supplied no further information. Histomorphology of the resected lesion revealed SMA without evidence of vasculitis. Wegener's disease could be excluded. The aetiology of the disease is still unknown. Acute vasospasm (due to inappropriate reactions to catecholamine or endothelial dysfunction), as well as SMA as a precursor or subtype of fibromuscular dysplasia, are two theories still under discussion.
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PMID:[Pulmonary segmental mediolytic arteriopathy]. 1645 8

Human papillomavirus (HPV), especially HPV 16, is associated with the development of both cervical and oral cancer. We show the case of a woman affected by HPV-related cervical disease and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC). A 41-year-old woman arrived at our Colposcopy Center following an abnormal Pap smear result (ASC-H) and a diagnosis of moderate cervical dysplasia obtained by a cervical biopsy. She underwent a colposcopy that showed a cervical abnormal transformation zone grade 2. A laser conization was performed in November 2010. Histology reported a moderate/severe dysplasia. The cone resection margins were free. Follow-up colposcopy and cytology were negative. The HPV testing showed an infection by HPV 16. In October 2012, the patient presented to the Head-Neck ER after episodes of hemoptysis; a lesion was found in the left tonsillar lodge. A biopsy was performed with a result of squamous cell carcinoma with low-grade differentiation. The HPV testing detected a high-risk HPV and the immunohistochemical analysis was positive for p16. She was treated by chemotherapy and brachytherapy. She was followed at the head-neck center with monthly visits with oral visual inspection that showed complete absence of mucosal abnormalities. HPV-related OPSCC and cervical precancerous/cancerous lesions have significant similarities in terms of pathogenesis. They are both caused largely by HPV 16, as in the present case. In conclusion, because of this association found in literature and in our case, we think that women with HPV cervical lesions should have regular surveillance for oropharyngeal cancer, whereas women with OPSCC should be encouraged to have diligent cervical screening.
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PMID:HPV-related cervical disease and oropharyngeal cancer. 2458 79

Osler-Weber-Rendu disease, also known as hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, is a rare autosomal dominant condition causing systemic fibrovascular dysplasia. It has an incidence of 1-2/100,000. Phenotypic variation is extreme ranging from asymptomatic to severely symptomatic, from cases with no or few mucocutaneous lesions to those with diffuse cutaneous telangiectasia. We discuss a case of Osler-Weber-Rendu disease causing diffuse cutaneous telangiectasia and hemoptysis. The patient presented with complaints of hemoptysis and was extensively examined and investigated before being diagnosed with Osler-Weber-Rendu disease. We successfully managed the patient's hemoptysis by bronchial artery embolization. This case emphasizes the need for careful examination and investigation and to consider such rare diseases when all the common causes of hemoptysis are ruled out. An early and proper diagnosis will lead to more effective management of such a rare disease with few treatment options available.
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PMID:Osler-Weber-Rendu disease: A rare cause of recurrent hemoptysis. 2718 97


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