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Query: UMLS:C0019079 (hemoptysis)
 6,129 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of bronchial arteriography and transcatheter embolization in treatment of severe haemoptysis. Forty five patients with severe haemoptysis were evaluated by means of bronchial arteriography and study of non bronchial systemic arteries and underwent transcatheter embolization. Specific causes of haemoptysis were Tuberculosis (n=37), Tuberculosis with Aspergilloma (n=4) and bronchiectasis (n=4). Gel foam pellets and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) particles were used as embolic material in 36 patients and 9 patients respectively. The angiographic signs of haemorrhage encountered were extravasation of contrast in 2 patients (4.4%), hypervascularisation in 42 (93.3%), broncho-pulmonary shunt in 13 (28.8%) and bronchial artery aneurysm in 1 patient (2.2%). Immediate control of bleeding occurred in 44 (97.7%) of 45 patients after embolization. Recurrent haemoptysis occurred in 4 cases (11.9%) more than 1 month after embolization but bleeding was less severe, than before treatment. This study suggests that bronchial artery embolization is an effective method of managing patients with severe haemoptysis, minor bleeding recurrences appear to be relatively infrequent.
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PMID:BRONCHIAL ARTERIOGRAPHY AND TRANSCATHETER EMBOLIZATION IN MANAGEMENT OF SEVERE HAEMOPTYSIS. 2877 29

Aspergilloma, also known as mycetoma or fungus ball, is the most common manifestation of pulmonary involvement by Aspergillus species. The fungal ball typically forms within preexisting cavities of the lungs. Diagnosis requires both radiographic evidence along with serologic or microbiologic evidence of Aspergillus species involvement. While clinical features such as hemoptysis, chest pain, shortness of breath, cough, and fever are helpful in diagnosis, they are non-specific symptoms. Surgery is currently the mainstay of treatment for aspergilloma but is associated with considerable mortality and morbidity. Alternative options exist for patients who are poor surgical candidates and for those who prefer a less invasive treatment modality. Systemic treatment with amphotericin B is ineffective and is not recommended as a monotherapy, but systemic azoles is effective in approximately 50-80% of patients. Potential alternatives to surgery include intracavitary instillation or endobronchial administration of antifungal medication, as well as direct transbronchial aspergilloma removal. Bronchial artery embolization and radiotherapy are options to manage hemoptysis until definite eradication of the aspergilloma. More rigorous studies are needed to better establish non-surgical treatment paradigm for inoperable patients.
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PMID:Non-surgical treatment options for pulmonary aspergilloma. 3221 89


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