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Query: UMLS:C0019079 (hemoptysis)
 6,129 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Aberrant bronchial arteries are rarely seen and may originate from various vascular structures. Hemoptysis is the most common clinical presentation of cases with anomalous bronchial artery. We report a case of a 1-month-old infant presented with respiratory distress and left lung emphysema. Radiologic investigations and bronchoscopy revealed that the cause is an aberrant left bronchial artery compressing the left main bronchus. Surgical division of the aberrant vessel was performed with gradual improvement of the emphysema and respiratory distress. Unilateral emphysema due to vascular compression was previously reported. However, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of aberrant bronchial artery presenting with external compression of a main bronchus and unilateral emphysema. Also, this is the youngest reported case with an aberrant bronchial artery.
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PMID:Unilateral Emphysema in Infancy, a Rare Presentation of Aberrant Bronchial Artery: Case Report and Review of Literature. 2649 90

A 50 year old lady, prospective kidney donor was referred to our department for opinion in view of abnormal clinical findings during preoperative evaluation. She was asymptomatic from respiratory point of view. Her vital parameters were normal and on auscultation found to have decreased breath sounds and fine crackles throughout left hemithorax. Chest x-ray (CXR) showed left sided hyperlucency with small hilum (Figure 1). High resolution computed tomography (HRCT) showed scattered areas of bronchiectasis with associated air trapping throughout left lung with small left pulmonary artery (Figure 2). Sputum for acid fast bacilli (AFB) was negative. Spirometry showed moderate obstructive abnormality with forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) - 51% predicted, forced vital capacity (FVC) - 60% and FEV1/FVC - 76% with no bronchodilator reversibility. On post bronchodilator study there was paradoxical fall in FEV1/FVC to 72% consistent with small airway disease. Arterial blood gas analysis was normal. Technetium (Tc) 99m MAA lung perfusion scan (Figure3) showed normal perfusion of right lung contributing 75.4% of relative function and left lung contributing only 24.6%. Diagnosis of Swyer-James-MacLeod syndrome (SJMS) probably due to a childhood viral infection was made. Operative complications in such cases like difficult weaning and extubation, post-operative respiratory infections, collapse and respiratory failure are likely. However, our patient had an uneventful operative and post-operative course. SJMS is characterized by unilateral hyperlucency of a part of or the entire lung which was first described in 1953 by Swyer and James and later in 1954 by Macleod.1,2 It is considered to be an acquired disease as a result of post-infectious obliterative bronchiolitis. Productive cough, shortness of breath and sometimes hemoptysis are presenting symptoms. Some patients are asymptomatic and not diagnosed until they are adults.3 Radiologically it presents as predominant unilateral hyperlucency. Hence other causes of unilateral hyperlucent lung like pneumothorax, idiopathic giant bullae, congenital lobar emphysema, pulmonary artery hypoplasia, pulmonary embolism and bronchial obstruction due to foreign body or mucus plugs should be considered. Treatment is supportive with early control of super-added infections along with influenza and pneumococcal vaccination. Bronchodilators can be useful, especially if the spirometry shows obstructive abnormality.
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PMID:Asymptomatic Unilateral Hyperlucent Lung in a Prospective Kidney Donor. 2760 83

Swyer-James-MacLeod syndrome (SJMS) is a rare syndrome of acute obliterative bronchiolitis following an early childhood infective insult to the lungs. This causes arrest of alveolarization, affecting lung development with hypoplasia of the ipsilateral pulmonary artery and results in a characteristic radiological pattern, such as a unilateral hyperlucent lung with expiratory air-trapping and pruned-tree appearance on pulmonary angiogram. The clinical presentation is either recurrent chest infections, exertional dyspnoea or it may be an incidental finding. Management involves early prevention of infection, airway clearance, and regular vaccinations. We describe two adult patients with SJMS: A 51-year-old female of Indian ethnicity presenting with recurrent haemoptysis and a 40-year-old Indigenous male presenting acutely with sepsis and background history of recurrent chest infections. These cases highlight the importance of being aware of and accurately recognizing this rare condition, to be able to manage patients appropriately and avoid incorrect and unnecessary treatment.
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PMID:Swyer-James-MacLeod syndrome-a rare diagnosis presented through two adult patients. 2863 18

Swyer-James-MacLeod syndrome is a rare pulmonary disorder that exhibits unilateral hyperlucency of a part of or the entire lung and because it is usually asimptomatic the diagnostic of this illness is discovered accidentally after a chest X-ray. Although the cause of this disorder is not completely understood, most authors believe that this is due to late sequela of infectious bronchiolitis that occurs during childhood. The symptoms presented by the individuals are often scarce at the moment of diagnostic, but a history of recurrent episodes of pulmonary infection accompanied by dyspnea, hemoptysis and/or chronic productive cough should raise the suspicion for such a diagnosis. Swyer-James-MacLeod syndrome can be interpreted as asthma or pulmonary embolism and this can result in inappropriate therapy. This case report describes a 38-year-old patient with chronic respiratory symptoms diagnosed on the findings of the chest X-ray and high resolution CT.
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PMID:A Case of Unilateral Hyperlucency of the Lung: a Rare Adult Occurrence of Swyer-James-MacLeod Syndrome. 3006 42