Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019079 (hemoptysis)
 6,129 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Broncholithiasis, associated most frequently with tuberculosis and histoplasmosis, usually presents with acute onset of cough and hemoptysis. Visible stones are coughed up in fewer cases than was previously believed. The disease may be accompanied by obstructive symptoms, bronchiectasis, and occasional fistula formation into either the esophagus or the aorta. The prognosis of these patients is generally excellent; however, a significant number require surgery because of persistent symptoms or a complication of the disease.
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PMID:Broncholithiasis: current concepts of an ancient disease. 47 54

A calcified hilar or mediastinal lymph node can compress or erode the tracheobronchial tree and cause a variety of problems, including the "spitting of stones," hemoptysis, pneumonia, atelectasis, and bronchoesophageal fistula. From 1955 to 1975, 43 patients were evaluated for broncholithiasis. Nonsurgical management was carried out in 10 patients, whereas the remaining 33 underwent thoracotomy for the pathological process. Five patients had bronchoesophageal fistula as a result of the broncholith. Segmentectomy was the surgical resective procedure most commonly used. Conservation of pulmonary tissue is recommended when dealing with this problem. Surgical complications were minimal and no deaths occurred. The surgeon must be versatile in his technical approach and be prepared to carry out bronchoplastic procedures when indicated. A clinical awareness of the symptomatology of broncholithiasis leads the examiner to carry out the appropriate diagnostic studies of laminagraphy, bronchoscopy, bronchography, and esophagography. Early diagnosis and treatment will prevent the severe complications that can occur from continued observation.
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PMID:The surgical implication of broncholithiasis. 118 71

Two cases of broncholithiasis, removed bronchoscopically, are reported. Case 1 was a 38-year-old female who was admitted with hemoptysis. The chest tomogram showed calcification near the right middle lobe bronchus. Bronchoscopy revealed a broncholith in B4. Component analysis showed that more than 98% of this stone consisted of calcium carbonate. Case 2 was a 75-year-old male who was hospitalized because of continuous cough. The chest radiograph showed calcification and atelectasis in the right upper lobe. Bronchoscopically, right B3 was obstructed by a broncholith. After removal of the stone, the distal part of B3 was noted to be filled with pus. Analysis of the stone's composition revealed calcium phosphate (77%) and calcium carbonate (23%).
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PMID:[Two cases of broncholithiasis removed by bronchofiberscopy]. 156 30

A broncholith is a calcified lymph node which partially or completely erodes into the bronchial lumen. Its manifestations are non-specific and may result in life-threatening complications. In Taiwan, pulmonary tuberculosis, one of the most common etiologies of broncholithiasis, is common. To our knowledge, no report on broncholithiasis can be found in literature in this country. We herein present three cases of broncholithiasis experienced in the past 11 years in Chang Gung Memorial Hospital. The presenting manifestations are obstructive pneumonia in two cases, and hemoptysis in the other one. In two of them, the broncholiths were located in the right side. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy was performed, and the stones were visible in all of them. Bronchoscopic removal of stone was successful in two cases, and the other coughed up stones spontaneously after bronchoscopies. In the absence of significant symptoms or complications, only observation is necessary. For the symptomatic borncholiths, we advocate that bronchoscopic removal is worth trying to eliminate the necessity of thoracotomy unless complications are present, which indicate surgical intervention such as massive hemoptysis, fistula formation between tracheobronchial trees and esophagus or vessels, recurrent pulmonary infection or suspicion of malignancy.
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PMID:Broncholithiasis: a neglected bronchial disease in this country. Illustration of three cases. 158 38

Massive hemoptysis due to broncholithiasis is rare. Such a case is presented here, and the literature is reviewed. Surgical resection is the preferred definitive therapy, as a lack of bronchial artery collaterals limits the utility of bronchial artery embolization.
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PMID:Massive hemoptysis due to broncholithiasis. 195 47

Broncholithiasis, a disease that is probably much more common than has been reported, is most often associated with pulmonary infections, for example, tuberculosis and histoplasmosis. Stones originate from calcified peribronchial lymph nodes that erode into the tracheobronchial tree, but lithoptysis occurs infrequently. The most common symptoms are persistent cough and hemoptysis, sometimes followed by findings of obstructive pneumonia (fever, chills, and purulent sputum). Physical findings are nonspecific, and radiologic findings are varied. Complications include formation of a fistula between the respiratory tract and the esophagus or aorta and obstructive pulmonary symptoms. Treatment ranges from conservative management (simple observation) to thoracotomy for patients in whom complications from stone erosion develop. The prognosis of patients with broncholithiasis is generally excellent.
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PMID:Coughing up a stone. What to do about broncholithiasis. 334 60

Endoscopic treatment of broncholithiasis is controversial. From 1953 through 1984, 66 operations were performed on 40 patients with broncholithiasis in an endemic area for histoplasmosis. They are reviewed here retrospectively. All patients had cough; wheeze, hemoptysis, and lithoptysis were present in 60%, 45%, and 26%, respectively. Bronchoscopic stone removal was successful in 19%, whereas 21% of patients required no treatment. The 25 patients who were affected more severely required thoracotomy and operations varying from simple lung wedge resection to repair of a bronchoesophageal fistula. Optimum preservation of lung function was a major treatment guideline. All survived, and most have returned to normal preoperative activity. For selected patients, bronchoscopy and stone removal may be all that is required for broncholithiasis.
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PMID:Management of broncholithiasis: is thoracotomy necessary? 375 73

In order to determine the present clinical spectrum of broncholithiasis and the impact that chest computed tomographic (CT) scans, laminograms , and fiberoptic bronchoscopy ( FOB ) have had on the diagnosis and treatment of this entity, we reviewed our experience between 1970 and 1982. Nineteen patients were identified with this diagnosis. Cough, hemoptysis, and obstructive pneumonia were the most common presentations. Lithoptysis occurred in only 3 patients. The chest radiographic findings were nonspecific, but in 8 of the 19 patients, laminograms or chest CT scans helped establish the diagnosis; FOB was performed on 18 patients and was abnormal in each case, with 8 intrabronchial calcifications identified. However, FOB has limited therapeutic indications in this disorder. Depending on the patient's clinical status and underlying lung disease, observation, bronchoscopic removal of the stone, or surgical resection may be indicated.
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PMID:Advances in the diagnosis and treatment of broncholithiasis. 673 45

Broncholithiasis is often not diagnosed by conventional roentgenography and fiberoptic bronchoscopy. Demonstrated here and three such cases of "recurrent hemoptysis of unknown etiology,". The broncholith in each case was clearly demonstrated only by the thoracic computed tomography (CT). We stress that CT is an extremely useful modality in the diagnosis of broncholithiasis and that the true incidence of broncholithiasis could be greater than was previously believed.
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PMID:Broncholithiasis: its detection by computed tomography in patients with recurrent hemoptysis of unknown etiology. 687 67

Bronchoesophageal fistulas (BEF) in an adult, whether acquired or congenital, are uncommon but bronchoesophageal perforation secondary to broncholithiasis caused by calcified mediastinal adenopathy and leading to the formation of a fistulous tract is extremely rare. We present a case of acquired BEF in a 57-years-old women who presented cough with expectoration of broncholiths, hemoptysis and cough after swallowing liquid or solid hemoptysis and cough after swallowing liquid or solid foods. The chest film and computed tomographic scan showed calcified mediastinal adenopathy. Endoscopic examination of the esophagus revealed no mucosal abnormality. A bronchial esophageal fistula was identified at the level of the 1/3 midesophagus just below the carina in the esophagogram. The bronchoscopy showed a polypoid area located in the medial side of the right main bronchus. There was no evidence of neoplasm. The patient underwent excision of fistula and interposition of pleural bundle after completing a right posterolateral thoracotomy. The postoperative course was uneventful and the patient has been doing well on follow-up.
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PMID:[Bronchoesophageal fistula and broncholithiasis]. 868 25


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