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Query: UMLS:C0019079 (hemoptysis)
 6,129 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 75 year old man who had had haemoptysis for 24 hours was found to have his left lower lobe compressed by a dissection of the aorta, which was otherwise symptomless.
Thorax 1989 May
PMID:Haemoptysis as the sole presenting symptom of dissection of the aorta. 276 51

Severe haemoptysis in a patient with cystic fibrosis was successfully treated on two occasions by bronchial artery embolisation.
Thorax 1989 Jun
PMID:Management of severe haemoptysis by bronchial artery embolisation in a patient with cystic fibrosis. 276 63

Nebulised pentamidine was used to treat 30 patients with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Fourteen patients (group 1) received pentamidine isethionate 4 mg/kg (six patients) or 8 mg/kg (eight patients) via a standard jet nebuliser (Acorn, system 22) with a flow rate of 8 l/min. The aerosol droplets had a mass median aerodynamic diameter of 2.6 microns (geometric standard deviation (GSD) 2.9) and 46% of droplets were less than 3.9 microns. A further 16 patients (group 2) received 8 mg/kg pentamidine via a jet nebuliser with baffles to limit droplet size to below 4 microns (Respirgard II). This generated aerosol droplets with a mass median aerodynamic diameter of 0.8 micron (GSD 1.5) and 98% were less than 3.9 microns. Only three of the 14 patients in group 1 responded clinically to treatment, one after the lower dose of pentamidine. Treatment was discontinued in 10 patients and one patient died at bronchoscopy from haemorrhage. Thirteen of the 16 patients in group 2 responded. Side effects occurred infrequently; two patients from group 1 had a cough, six patients (four from group 2) had contact bleeding at bronchoscopy, and two further patients had haemoptysis. The differing response rate may be due to differences in the mean droplet size of the aerosols produced by the nebulisers. Nebulised pentamidine (8 mg/kg) when delivered by Respirgard II nebuliser appears to be as effective as conventional treatment for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia of mild to moderate severity.
Thorax 1989 Jul
PMID:Nebulised pentamidine as treatment for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. 259 28

Nocardia organisms were cultured from the sputum of 11 patients at the central hospitals in Harare, Zimbabwe, over a 12 month period. Pulmonary nocardiosis was diagnosed in one further patient on the basis of direct microscopy. Among the nine patients available for follow up, pulmonary nocardiosis was considered to be the major clinical problem in six. The patients usually presented with a chronic pulmonary infection with fever and cough without evidence of dissemination of underlying systemic disease. The chest radiograph showed consolidation in any part of the lung, and this was seen to extend slowly over several months. Prolonged diagnostic delay was a frequent problem. Haemoptysis, alcohol abuse, and empirical treatment for tuberculosis commonly featured in the history. Treatment with sulphonamides was generally successful in those patients who complied. Nocardiosis is a treatable lung disease that may be more common in developing countries than is currently recognised.
Thorax 1988 Nov
PMID:Nocardiosis: a neglected chronic lung disease in Africa? 306 75

After the death from massive haemoptysis of two neutropenic patients who had developed apparent pulmonary mycetomas, two subsequent patients underwent successful resection of similar lesions. Histological examination of these lesions confirmed that these so called mycetomas were masses of devitalized lung tissue infiltrated with fungus. The term mycotic lung sequestrum is therefore proposed to distinguish this condition from a fungus ball arising in a previously formed cavity. A review of 34 similar cases reported previously showed that haemoptysis occurred in about half of the cases and was fatal in just over half of these. Medical treatment appears to have little impact on survival and early consideration of surgical intervention is important.
Thorax 1988 Feb
PMID:Apparent pulmonary mycetoma following invasive aspergillosis in neutropenic patients. 328 10

Three hundred and sixteen patients with cystic fibrosis were seen at the Brompton Hospital during 1965-83; 178 (56.3%) of them were male and 136 female, and their ages ranged from 12 to 51 years. Most patients presented in infancy with respiratory symptoms and malabsorption, but 19 (6%) were diagnosed in adult life, three in their 30s. Pulmonary disease was almost universal (99.7%), being responsible for 97% of all deaths and three quarters of hospital admissions. All patients had developed a productive cough by the age of 21 and over half before the age of 5. Many complained of wheezing, but reversible airflow obstruction was present in only 40% of those tested. Minor haemoptysis was very common (62%), but major episodes less so (10%). Pneumothorax was seen in 61 cases (19%), and was often recurrent. Some irreversible airflow obstruction was present in all patients with pulmonary disease. Two patients have been followed for over 20 years without showing appreciable decline in lung function. Thirty five patients (11%) had no symptoms of malabsorption. Acute meconium ileus equivalent was seen in 16% and a chronic partial obstruction with episodic symptoms in a further 19%. Diabetes mellitus developed in 36 patients, 13 of whom were insulin dependent. Hepatomegaly was common (29%), often occurring without abnormal results in biochemical tests of liver function; only 1% of patients developed portal hypertension with varices and ascites. Skin reactions to at least one common allergen, including Aspergillus fumigatus, were positive in 70%, but very few patients suffered from hay fever or eczema. One hundred and twenty one patients have died, 97% from infection or other pulmonary complications, and 195 were alive in December 1983 (mean age 23 years). Seventy eight per cent of patients were in full time education or full or part time employment, or were housewives, and only 41 were unemployed for reasons for health. Many patients are married and 10 women have borne children. Most patients were admitted to hospital only three or four times during the period of follow up and 50 individuals (16%) have never been in hospital at all. The improvement in prognosis and quality of life for adults with cystic fibrosis should encourage a positive attitude in those who care for them.
Thorax 1987 Jul
PMID:Cystic fibrosis in adolescents and adults. 343 96

The results of high speed air drill lung biopsy during 38 months in Addis Ababa is reported. Even though the diagnostic yield was only 49%, trephine lung biopsy has a place in the investigation of diffuse and accessible localised lesions of the lung. It has proved to be a relatively safe and simple procedure. Nineteen male and 20 female patients were studied and in addition eight postmortem specimens of lung tissue were included. The chest radiograph showed diffuse pulmonary infiltrates in 42 and localised in six, with diagnostic biopsy specimens in 20 and five respectively. Biopsy of the inferior lung in the lateral decubitus position in patients with diffuse lung lesions has yielded larger specimens than has routine biopsy performed in the sitting position. Since the only patient who developed appreciable haemoptysis was the single patient with chronic cor pulmonale, caution should be exercised in such cases. A chest radiograph is indicated after biopsy only when the clinical condition of the patient warrants it.
Thorax 1986 Oct
PMID:Lung biopsy with the high speed drill in a developing country. 378 13

Twenty patients with the Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, (10 type I, six type II, and four type IV) were studied to assess the frequency of respiratory abnormalities in this condition. Five patients (25%) had had at least one episode of haemoptysis, but none had any defect of coagulation. There was a high frequency of recurrent sinusitis, notably in those with the type I syndrome. Two patients had bullous lung disease, one of whom (type IV) had had three pneumothoraces and subsequent pleurodesis; he also had tracheomegaly (the Mounier-Kuhn abnormality). Minor skeletal abnormalities such as pectus excavatum were common, particularly in patients with type IV disease. Three patients had the straight back syndrome. There were no consistent spirometric or lung volume abnormalities, but eight patients (40%) had a raised gas transfer coefficient (Kco), possibly due to an increased intrapulmonary vascular volume. Two other patients had very low values of Kco that were unexplained.
Thorax 1985 Apr
PMID:Abnormalities of the lungs and thoracic cage in the Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. 402 80

One hundred patients with tracheobronchial tumours were treated with the neodymium YAG (yttrium-aluminium-garnet) or argon laser for symptoms of airways obstruction caused by tumour (59 cases), complete collapse of a lung (17 cases), or recurrent haemoptysis (24 cases). Seventy four of them had relapsed or failed to respond to radiotherapy or chemotherapy and all were inoperable. Objective improvement in results of lung function tests or haemoptysis diary charts was seen in 37 patients with airways obstruction (63%), five (29%) with collapsed lung, and 14 (58%) with haemoptysis. Overall, 68 patients had symptomatic benefit and there was objective improvement in 56. Two deaths occurred in 288 treatment sessions both occurring as a result of asphyxia from minor haemorrhage in patients with advanced cylindromas and critical narrowing of the trachea or single remaining bronchus. In suitable patients with intraluminal tumour laser phototherapy is a valuable addition to conventional treatment.
Thorax 1985 May
PMID:Laser therapy in 100 tracheobronchial tumours. 402 88

The results of bronchography in 96 consecutive patients investigated for haemoptysis at Papworth Hospital from 1975 to 1983 were reviewed. None of the patients included in this study gave a history suggestive of bronchiectasis and neither chest radiography nor fibreoptic bronchoscopy had shown a cause for the bleeding. Bronchography was performed through the fibreoptic bronchoscope and all included in the study showed both lungs adequately. The chest radiographic appearances were compared with the bronchographic findings. Seven of 12 patients with appearances suggesting old fibrosis showed bronchiectasis, as did eight of 10 with radiographic appearances suggestive of bronchiectasis. Eleven out of 74 patients with normal chest radiographs, however, also showed bronchiectasis. This group of 11 was compared with the other 63 but no clinical feature was found to be significantly associated with the presence of bronchiectasis. Although bronchography is now rarely used in the investigation of haemoptysis, this high yield (15%) of bronchiectasis indicates that its use should be reappraised. Follow up of the patients indicated that bronchography was not reliable at diagnosing peripheral bronchial carcinomas, which became evident later in two cases, and that asthma was present in 15 (24%) of the 63 patients with both normal chest radiographs and normal bronchograms.
Thorax 1985 Sep
PMID:Does bronchography have a role in the assessment of patients with haemoptysis? 406 Jan 7


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