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Query: UMLS:C0019079 (hemoptysis)
 6,129 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We report a case of primary diffuse tracheobronchial amyloidosis in a 72-year-old lady who presented with a long history of recurrent cough, dyspnoea, wheezing, haemoptysis and chest infection. She was treated successfully with three sessions of laser therapy. There were improvements in both clinical symptoms and measurements of airway obstruction. Bronchodilators and oral prednisolone were not required after treatment.
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PMID:A case of primary diffuse tracheobronchial amyloidosis treated by laser therapy. 162 Nov 31

Thirteen patients with bronchial adenoma were investigated. Most of these were young males and had recurrent hemoptysis and chest infection. Radiographs of the chest were abnormal in 11 patients. The tumor was visualized by fiberoptic bronchoscopy in all but one patient. The procedure was safe and none of the patients had massive hemoptysis following bronchoscopic biopsy. Limited follow-up revealed good results following surgery.
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PMID:Bronchial adenoma--an eleven-year experience. 166 78

Tooth in right bronchus in a 60-year-old man who presented with recurrent episodes of chest infection, dyspnoea and haemoptysis is a rare clinical entity. The patient was cured after successful bronchoscopic removal of the tooth.
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PMID:Tooth in the bronchus--an unusual foreign body and presentation. 226 99

Carcinoid tumours in Auckland diagnosed during 1976-87 have been reviewed retrospectively. Eighty-three patients with carcinoid tumours were seen during this time (56 appendiceal, 11 small bowel, two colorectal, 10 pulmonary and four other). Three patients had carcinoid syndrome. The most common presentation for appendiceal carcinoid was acute appendicitis. The most common presentations for pulmonary lesions were incidental findings on chest X-ray, recurrent chest infection or haemoptysis, while bowel lesions presented with abdominal pain or rectal bleeding. Following resection, 53 of 56 appendiceal patients were alive and well (two died from other causes) and 10 of 10 pulmonary carcinoids were alive and well. In contrast, both patients with colorectal carcinoid died from their disease within 1 year, and, of the patients with small bowel carcinoid, one died of the disease and more than half of the remainder are alive with metastatic spread and symptoms at the time of study. The most important prognostic variables governing outcome were anatomical site of the primary lesion and the state of the histological margins following resection.
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PMID:Carcinoid tumours in Auckland, New Zealand. 293 Mar 76

Hemoptyses are common in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. They range from massive life-threatening (> 240 mL/24 hours) to recurrent minor streaking. Limited pulmonary reserve, potential concurrent chest infection, and the progressive nature of CF pose a high risk to this subgroup. Conservative management and selective bronchial artery embolization (BAE) control most acute episodes, but the recurrence rate is high. The possible need for lung transplantation in future makes an extrapleural approach for bronchial artery ligation desirable. The aim of this study was to assess the role of extrapleural bronchial artery ligation in the treatment of recurrent hemoptysis in CF patients. This is a retrospective analysis of four patients between 1986 and 1999 treated by extrapleural thoracotomy and ligation of bronchial arteries. Indications, surgical experience, and outcome are presented. Three patients underwent unilateral, and one patient bilateral extrapleural thoracotomy (in two separate sessions) for bronchial artery ligation. There were three men and one woman, with a mean age of 26.6 years (range 19-32 years). Indications were failure to stabilize the bronchial arterial catheter for BAE (three cases), recurrence after BAE previously controlled bleeding (one case), and communication with the right costocervical trunk signifying risk to the spinal circulation (one case). The mean follow-up was 68 months (range 3-144 months). There was one death in this series, a patient who was asphyxiated with hemoptysis, requiring ventilation preoperatively. He underwent successful extrapleural thoracotomy for bronchial artery ligation, with no further bleeding but succumbed to severe chest infection and multiorgan failure a few days later. Two patients had recurrent bleeding 12 and 36 months after surgery. Selective bronchial angiography proved the contralateral bronchial arteries to be the culprit. Extrapleural bronchial artery ligation is an effective method of controlling hemoptysis in CF, when BAE has failed. This approach minimizes pleural adhesions and is, therefore, desirable in the future consideration for lung transplantation. In this experience, muscle-sparing thoracotomy and postoperative epidural analgesia significantly improved the postoperative recovery.
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PMID:Extrapleural bronchial artery ligation for life-threatening hemoptysis in cystic fibrosis--a case report. 1099 21

This prospective study represents our experiences in using fibreoptic bronchoscopy (FOB) in the evaluation of different thoracic lesions. Over a 20-month period, 203 patients (151 males and 52 females) (age range: 15-100 years) underwent bronchoscopies. The patients had a wide range of symptoms and/or radiographic abnormalities. The majority had cough and shortness of breath; haemoptysis was a common symptom. In all, 148 patients had neoplasms and 55 had non-neoplastic lesions. The most common malignancy was bronchogenic carcinoma (91 confirmed, 33 suspected). Other neoplasms included pulmonary metastases and mediastinal tumours. The non-neoplastic chest lesions included pulmonary tuberculosis, pulmonary hydatid cyst, lung abscess and resolving chest infection and chronic bronchitis. FOB was most useful in the diagnosis of bronchogenic carcinoma (positive diagnostic yield of 73%). It was least useful in diagnosing mediastinal tumours.
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PMID:Flexible fibreoptic bronchoscopy in Basra, Iraq: a 20-month experience. 1155 6

Antibacterial therapy is the most important component of the complex management of pyo-destructive forms of LRTI. Since the microbial flora is rather variable and polymorphous, antibiotics used in the treatment of LRTI should be active against both aerobic (especially gramnegative) and anaerobic pathogens. The aim of the study was to prove, on the basis of the bacteriological and clinical findings, the validity of the use of cefoperazone/sulbactam (CS), the only inhibitor-protected cephalosporin, for the monotherapy of patients with LRTI. The trial enrolled 32 patients (29 males and 3 females) with various forms of LRTI, including 22 patients with destructive pneumonia, 8 patients with acute and chronic lung abscesses and 2 patients with lung gangrene. Complications of the main disease such as empyema, bronchopleural fistula, pyopneumothorax and hemoptysis in 63.5% of the patients were recorded. To verify the microbiological diagnoses, bacteriological assay of the sputum, endobronchial secretion or the contents of the abscess and pleural cavities was performed. The main component of the complex conservative treatment was the monotherapy with CS administered intravenously in an average daily dose of 5.9+/-1.59 g divided into 2 portions. The maximum daily dose for the patients with lung gangrene was 12 g. The bacteriological efficacy was evaluated by the ESCMID (1993) criteria. The clinicoroentgenologic efficacy was estimated by regression of the main signs of LRTI. The pathogens of LRTI were isolated and identified in 87.5% of the patients. Nonsporulating anaerobic bacteria such as Prevotella spp., Bacteroidesfragilis, Fusobacterium spp., Peptococcus spp. and Peptostreptococcus spp. were isolated from 24 (75%) of them. AD the anaerobic organisms proved to be susceptible to CS (100%). As for the aerobic organisms, 85.5% of them was susceptible to CS. The clinical effect of the antibacterial therapy in 29 (90.6%) patients was registered. In 20 patients (64.5%) both clinical and roentgenologic cure was shown. The lethal outcome in 1 patient (3.1%) was stated.
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PMID:[Clinical and bacteriological substantiation of the use of cefoperazone/sulbactam in complex therapy of patients with pyo-destructive forms of lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI)]. 1562 99

We report an unusual case of a patient with an oesophageal cyst connected to the bronchus. A 24-year old male with a two-year history of repeated attacks of chest infection and haemoptysis was found to have a cyst of 4 x 4 cm affecting the anterior and apical segments of the right upper lobe. The cyst was excised in its entirety and the histopathological study of the cyst showed stratified squamous epithelium with submucosal and muscular layer but no cartilage. The pathological diagnosis was an oesophageal cyst. No previous case of isolated oesophageal cyst connected to the bronchus has been reported according to the available literature.
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PMID:Isolated oesophageal cyst connected with the bronchus. 1819 49

When considering a diagnosis of LRTI the main differentiation to make is between pneumonia and non-pneumonic LRTI. It is more difficult to make this distinction in the community because of access constraints to chest radiography and the lack of a quick, simple marker to identify patients with true pneumonia accurately. The diagnosis of pneumonia in the community, without a chest radiograph, is suggested by symptoms that include: cough; (purulent) sputum production; breathlessness; pleurisy; occasional haemoptysis along with new focal signs on chest examination (e.g. crepitations, bronchial breathing, and dullness to percussion); at least one systemic feature (e.g. sweating, fevers, shivers, aches and pains and/or temperature >38 degrees C); and no other explanation for the symptoms. A recent observational study of around 150,000 patients with LRTI in the UK found that the following factors were associated with increased respiratory infection-related mortality: increasing age; smoking; increasing Charlson co-morbidity index; prior antibiotic prescribing; frequent consultation and prior specialist referral or admission. Acute adult LRTI presenting to GPs is a predominantly viral illness most commonly caused by rhinoviruses and influenza viruses. The most common bacterial cause of pneumonia is Streptococcus pneumoniae but frequently no organism is identified. In patients where you suspect non-pneumonic LRTI, the evidence suggests that chest radiography and blood tests for CRP are not helpful in their management in the community. The BTS guidelines recommend that GPs, particularly those working in out-of-hours and emergency assessment centres, should consider using pulse oximeters. The CRB-65 is a helpful tool in the community. Patients scoring 0 or 1 have the lowest mortality risk, however, a score of 2 or more should be a cause for concern and the patient may need to be admitted to hospital for assessment.
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PMID:Managing LRTI in adults in the community. 2004 6

Scimitar syndrome is a rare congenital disorder. It has a varied presentation. In adult life, it usually presents either as recurrent chest infection and/or exertional dyspnea. Pulmonary artery hypertension and hemoptysis both are uncommon features of this syndrome in adult life.
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PMID:Scimitar syndrome: A rare disease with unusual presentation. 2016 92


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