Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0019079 (hemoptysis)
 6,129 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Hemoptysis originating from an aortobronchial fistula is uncommon. This fistulous connection between the aorta and the lung usually results from a preexisting thoracic-aortic aneurysm, and is uniformly fatal when left untreated. However, with early diagnosis the survival rate exceeds 80%. The case of an aortobronchial fistula in a young alcoholic, 2 years after aortic aneurysmectomy, is presented. He was admitted with symptoms suggesting upper gastrointestinal bleeding, allegedly related to alcohol abuse. He died of a sudden, massive hemoptysis 5 days after admission. An aortobronchial fistula was found on autopsy. To diagnose aortobronchial fistula, a high index of suspicion is necessary. It should be considered in patients with hemoptysis after repair of a thoracic aneurysm.
 ...
PMID:[Aortopulmonary fistula due to failed graft for aortic aneurysm]. 148 2

Nocardia organisms were cultured from the sputum of 11 patients at the central hospitals in Harare, Zimbabwe, over a 12 month period. Pulmonary nocardiosis was diagnosed in one further patient on the basis of direct microscopy. Among the nine patients available for follow up, pulmonary nocardiosis was considered to be the major clinical problem in six. The patients usually presented with a chronic pulmonary infection with fever and cough without evidence of dissemination of underlying systemic disease. The chest radiograph showed consolidation in any part of the lung, and this was seen to extend slowly over several months. Prolonged diagnostic delay was a frequent problem. Haemoptysis, alcohol abuse, and empirical treatment for tuberculosis commonly featured in the history. Treatment with sulphonamides was generally successful in those patients who complied. Nocardiosis is a treatable lung disease that may be more common in developing countries than is currently recognised.
 ...
PMID:Nocardiosis: a neglected chronic lung disease in Africa? 306 75

To develop a clinical decision rule for predicting significant chest radiography abnormalities in adult Emergency Department (ED) patients, a prospective, observational study was conducted of consecutive adults (>or=18 years old) who underwent chest radiography for nontraumatic complaints at an urban ED with an annual census of 85,000. The official radiologist interpretation of the film was used as the gold standard for defining radiographic abnormalities. Using predefined criteria and author consensus, patients were divided into two groups: those with clinically significant abnormalities (CSA) and those with either normal or nonclinically significant abnormalities. Chi square recursive partitioning was used to derive a decision rule. Odds ratios and kappa statistics were calculated for derived criteria. The results showed 284 (17%) of 1650 patients had clinically significant abnormal radiographs. The presence of any of 10 criteria (age >or= 60 years, temperature >or= 38 degrees C, oxygen saturation < 90%, respiratory rate > 24 breaths/min, hemoptysis, rales, diminished breath sounds, a history of alcohol abuse, tuberculosis, or thromboembolic disease) was 95% sensitive (95% CI: 92-98%) and 40% specific (95% CI: 37-43%) in detecting CSA radiographs. Positive and negative predictive values were 25% (95% CI: 23-27%) and 98% (95% CI: 96-99%), respectively. A highly sensitive decision rule for detecting clinically significant abnormalities on chest radiographs in nontraumatized adults has been developed. If prospectively validated, these criteria may permit clinicians to confidently reduce the number of radiographs in this population.
 ...
PMID:High yield criteria for obtaining non-trauma chest radiography in the adult emergency department population. 1235 78

Pulmonary actinomycosis is a rare bacterial lung disease caused by one of two types of bacteria, Actinomyces or Propioni. Pulmonary actinomycosis in the lung causes lung cavities, lung nodules, and pleural effusion. We report here a case of pulmonary actinomycosis that was diagnosed by fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). A 45 year-old male with a history of smoking and alcohol abuse, presented with complaints of cough with hemoptysis, right-sided chest pain, and fever of two months' duration. A chest radiograph and computed tomography (CT) of the thorax showed a right upper lobe mass lesion with hilar lymphadenopathy. CT-guided FNAC revealed colonies of Actinomyces surrounded by polymorphs. The disease is commonly confused with other chronic suppurative lung diseases and malignancy. An early diagnosis by FNAC prevents difficulties in the management of the disease, as well as considerable physiological and physical morbidity, including unwarranted surgery.
 ...
PMID:Pulmonary actinomycosis in fine needle aspiration cytology. 2193 64

We report three lethal cases of bleeding to the upper gastrointestinal tract as immediate cause of death. The first two cases are in connection with homelessness. First is a male who was found dead in a railway station, seated on a bench with dried blood beneath him. The second is a male who was found lifeless in a wooden shelter, where upon the good will of the landowners, he lived. At autopsy, gastroduodenal ulcer disease with a damaged blood vessel at the ulcer base was found in both. The cause of death was stated as hypovolemic shock, arising from loss of blood from bleeding gastroduodenal ulcer disease. The third case shows a man with liver cirrhosis, who was transported to hospital when his health deteriorated, where he died with blood vomiting. The case was closed as hypovolemic shock from loss of blood and was ascribed to haemorrhagic diathesis and chronic liver insufficiency, and excluded haemoptysis as the cause of the bleeding. The paper draws attention to the risk of mortality in patients with gastroduodenal ulcer disease, with irregular food intake, including alcohol abuse. The cases demonstrate the importance of medical care for patients who are prone to gastric ulcers, or to patients who have been diagnosed and/or treated for gastroduodenal ulcer disease, as the severe risk of ulcer bleeding, leading eventually to ulcer perforation. Our case reports may inform ambulance crews responding to at-risk individuals, such as homeless people, to the immediate threat of possible gastroduodenal ulcer disease with ulcer bleeding, or ulcer perforation.Key words: bleeding - death - gastric ulcer - gastroduodenal ulcer disease - nutrition - preventive medicine.
 ...
PMID:[Lethal cases of bleeding to the upper gastrointestinal tract]. 2813 33

Thoracic stent graft plus coil embolization is a promising option for management of pulmonary sequestrations. Here we present the case of a 43-year-old male with chronic recurrent chest pain and hemoptysis that was incidentally identified as having a Pryce Type I pulmonary sequestration. The patient had a known history of gastritis, alcohol abuse, chronic leg and back pain, and was incidentally found to have an anomalous artery from the descending thoracic aorta to the left lower lobe. Due to recurrent hemoptysis and refractory back pain with no other identifiable etiology, he was consented for coil embolization and thoracic endovascular aortic repair. In conjunction with interventional radiology, coil embolization of the aberrant thoracic artery was performed under fluoroscopic guidance with good graft coverage of the aberrant artery with an endovascular graft. The patient's postoperative recovery was uneventful and he reported a decrease in his chest pain. Repeat imaging including chest X-ray and CT angiography were performed prior to discharge. CT angiography demonstrated good positioning of the coils as well as the stent graft. The patient was discharged on postoperative day 1. Surgical intervention with ligation of the anomalous vessel has historically been the primary intervention for patients with Pryce Type I sequestrations, and it has yielded satisfactory results. However, thoracic stent graft in addition to coil embolization is a minimally invasive management option that should be considered as the first line of treatment because of the minimal physiologic burden on the patient and quicker recovery as compared to traditional thoracotomy.
 ...
PMID:Thoracic Stent Graft Accompanied by Coil Embolization for Pulmonary Sequestration. 3103 81