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Query: UMLS:C0019079 (hemoptysis)
 6,129 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Hemoptysis is one of the most important symptoms of cardiopulmonary disease-first, because bleeding even in small amounts may indicate the presence of such serious diseases as bronchogenic carcinoma or active tuberculosis, and second, because untreated massive hemorrhage is associated with a high mortality rate. The cause of hemoptysis may be suggested by the history, physical examination or chest x-ray findings, but often diagnostic procedures such as bronchoscopy, bronchography and pulmonary angiography are needed for definitive diagnosis. The importance of early localization of the bleeding site and surgical intervention in patients with massive hemoptysis is stressed.
West J Med 1977 Nov
PMID:Hemoptysis: diagnosis and management. 91 39

We describe four cases of pulmonary paragonimiasis in Southeast Asians who emigrated to the central San Joaquin Valley of California. Physicians should be alerted to the possibility of this disease in Asian patients with hemoptysis and pulmonary infiltrates. Paragonimiasis can masquerade as pulmonary tuberculosis, especially in patients from areas that are endemic for both the parasite and the tubercle bacillus. The ease and safety with which this infection can be treated, in contrast to tuberculosis, reiterates the importance of diagnosing this lung fluke when it is present.
West J Med 1992 Apr
PMID:Pulmonary paragonimiasis in Southeast Asians living in the central San Joaquin Valley. 157 93

Three cases of pulmonary arterial disease were identified out of a cohort of 75 cases of Takayasu's disease. In the first case, pulmonary hypertension considered to be idiopathic caused massive haemoptysis and the death of a 48 year old Spanish woman; autopsy revealed characteristic stenoses of the common carotid arteries. In the second case, haemoptysis led to pneumonectomy in a 23 year old West Indian woman with a diagnosis of agenesis of the right pulmonary artery. Disease of the supraaortic vessels occurred several months later and a retrospective diagnosis of Takayasu's disease of the pulmonary artery was made. In the third case, systematic pulmonary angiography in a 41 year old French woman referred for Takayasu's disease of the supraaortic arteries showed severe stenosis of the right pulmonary artery. She developed severe haemoptysis four years later which led to an attempted balloon angioplasty of the right pulmonary artery and embolisation of a branch of the right coronary artery thought to be the cause of the haemoptysis. This was complicated by posterior wall myocardial infarction but the haemoptysis did not recur thereafter. These three cases and a review of the literature show that the pulmonary lesions of Takayasu's disease occur mostly on the main right pulmonary artery but they may be more distal and involve the pulmonary arterioles. A coronaro-broncho-pulmonary collateral circulation may develop distal to the stenosed segments. The main complications are pulmonary hypertension and massive haemoptysis. Surgery is possible in cases of stenosis of the right main pulmonary artery. The potential role of endoluminal angioplasty is discussed.
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PMID:[Severe pulmonary artery involvement of Takayasu arteritis. 3 cases and review of the literature]. 168 Mar 19

An analysis of 500 consecutive pulmonary tuberculosis cases shows that lower lungfield tuberculosis occurs in 6.8 percent of the negroid population studied and therefore shows no racial predelection. The ratio of female to male involvement was 3:1. A clear association with young women and with pregnancy with or without other infections was demonstrated. Affected men were in the much older age group. Some association with diabetes and heart failure were also observed. The initial diagnosis of most of these patients was basal pneumonia or lung abscess. Therefore, the most useful clinical pointers were productive cough with or without haemoptysis unresponsive to various conventional antibiotics. The right base was most favoured and cavitation with fluid levels were frequent. We believe that the aetiological factors would include stress as could occur with pregnancies and poor basal tissue oxygenation due to diminished basal expansion in abdominal distension or cardiac failure.
West Afr J Med
PMID:Lower lungfield tuberculosis in a rural African population. 206 90

We studied 8 adult patients with variable symptoms of cough, dyspnea, stridor, wheezing, or hemoptysis. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy in all showed complete or nearly complete endobronchial obstruction of a main-stem bronchus by neoplasm with a mean bronchial diameter of 1.9 mm +/- 1.6 mm (mean +/- standard deviation). In 4 patients, a lobar bronchus was also completely obstructed. No mass was visible on chest radiographs of any patient; however, computed tomography in each showed main-stem endobronchial obstruction, lobar obstruction (4 instances in 3 patients), and in 6 patients hypoperfusion of the involved lung. Computed tomographic scan showed additional abnormalities that were unsuspected on viewing chest radiographs or at bronchoscopy, including mediastinal adenopathy in 3 patients and an extraluminal tumor component in 4. After therapy with Nd-YAG laser, main-stem airway diameter increased to a mean of 9.6 mm +/- 1.0 mm (P less than .05) and pulmonary functions improved. Results suggest the complementary role of computed tomography and fiberoptic bronchoscopy in the detection and laser-treatment planning of chest radiographically occult severe neoplastic obstruction of the main-stem bronchus.
West J Med 1990 Oct
PMID:Computed tomography and bronchoscopy in chest radiographically occult main-stem neoplasm diagnosis and Nd-YAG laser treatment in 8 patients. 224 72

The prognostic staging of cancer in general, and lung cancer in particular, has customarily depended mainly on morphologic distinctions. The gross anatomic extensiveness of cancers is cited with TNM stages that describe the primary tumor (T), spread to regional lymph nodes (N), and metastatic dissemination (M) to distant sites. Microscopic characteristics are cited according to the cancer's cell type (e.g., adenocarcinoma, epidermoid carcinoma) and/or grade of differentiation (e.g., well differentiated, poorly differentiated, anaplastic). Although the clinical manifestations, functional effects, and associated co-morbidity of a cancer are universally recognized as having major prognostic importance, they have not been classified with a standard system of taxonomy. When considered at all, clinical phenomena have been cited with a surrogate index of "performance status" that ignores the underlying clinical dysfunctions while being greatly affected by non-clinical phenomena, such as the patient's psychic status, economic motivations, and system of social support. The current research was done to develop a standard system of taxonomy (or "staging") for the prognostic impact of clinical distinctions in patients with primary lung cancer. Appropriate data were obtained, computer-coded, and analyzed from medical records for the complete clinical course of an inception cohort of 1266 patients who were first treated at either the Yale-New Haven Hospital or the West Haven Veterans Administration Hospital during the interval January 1, 1953-December 31, 1964. The information under analysis included clinical phenomena as well as anatomic extensiveness (TNM stage), microscopic histology, the chronometric duration of the interval from the first symptom of lung cancer to zero time, the iatrotropic reason why the patient sought medical attention, the presence of anemia, the amount of customary cigarette use, and the conventional demographic data for age and gender. The main clinical phenomena were expressed in variables for symptom pattern severity, and co-morbidity. Symptom pattern referred to the existence of specific pulmonic symptoms (e.g., hemoptysis), systemic symptoms (e.g., complaint of weight loss), and metastatic symptoms that might be mediastinal (e.g., superior vena cava syndrome), regional (e.g., the Horner syndrome), or distantly metastatic (e.g., central nervous system). The symptom severity variable included the amount of weight loss, and the existence of severe dyspnea or particularly severe tumor effects (such as mental obtundation, rather than hemiparesis in patients with CNS metastasis). Prognostic co-morbidity was cited for coexisting diseases, such as recurrent myocardial infarctions, that might be more lethal than the lung cancer itself.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:A clinical-severity staging system for patients with lung cancer. 229 74

Eighty consecutive patients undergoing pulmonary resection at the University College Hospital, Ibadan were studied to determine the factors predictive of postoperative morbidity and mortality. The operative mortality was 10% while complications occurred in 66% of the patients. Complications were significantly more frequent (p less than 0.01) in those with benign disease (73%) than with malignant conditions (31%). Benign disease and pneumonectomy were predictors of wound infection (p less than 0.05 & p less than 0.02 respectively); haemoptysis and pneumonectomy, predictors of bronchopleural fistula (p less than 0.02 and p less than 0.05 respectively); benign disease predictor of empyema (p less than 0.02); and age over 50 years predictor of mortality (p less than 0.01). It is concluded that improved care of patients with these predictive factors would result in reduction of morbidity and mortality.
West Afr J Med
PMID:Post-operative complications in pulmonary resections. 248 10

In 108 cases in which transthoracic needle aspiration biopsies were studied at Raleigh General Hospital in Beckley, West Virginia, from 1983 through 1987, the pathologic diagnoses were compared and correlated with the subsequent clinical course. The procedure was performed under C.T. guidance. Correlation of pathology with the clinical course yielded 67 per cent (72 cases) true positives, 19 per cent (20 cases) true negatives, four per cent (four cases) false negatives, zero per cent (zero cases) false positives, and 11 per cent (12 cases) indeterminates. In 23 per cent of the cases, there were radiologically demonstrated pneumothoraces, with placement of a chest tube required in 12 per cent of the cases. Hemoptysis occurred in eight per cent of the patients. The results confirmed the appropriateness of using transthoracic needle aspiration biopsies at this hospital.
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PMID:Percutaneous transthoracic needle aspiration lung biopsy in the community hospital. 273 11

The smoking of clove cigarettes has been associated with 13 cases of serious illness in the United States, including hemorrhagic pulmonary edema, pneumonia, bronchitis, and hemoptysis. We describe a patient in whom, after she smoked a clove cigarette, pneumonia complicated by lung abscess developed. Her lung disease may have been caused by aspiration pneumonia as a consequence of pharyngolaryngeal anesthesia from clove cigarette smoke. Clove cigarettes appeal to adolescents experimenting with smoking practices and may influence the development of later smoking habits.
West J Med 1989 Aug
PMID:Clove cigarettes. The basis for concern regarding health effects. 277 82

As the technique of percutaneous lung biopsy continues to evolve, it offers an increasingly accurate method of establishing the malignancy or benignity of a solitary pulmonary nodule. There are relatively few contraindications to the procedure, and the complications-primarily pneumothorax and hemoptysis-generally resolve without therapy. Transthoracic needle aspiration has an important role in the workup for a "coin lesion." Other elements of the diagnostic workup-particularly the history, a chest roentgenogram, computed tomography, sputum cytology, and transbronchial brush biopsy-may either add to or substitute for a transthoracic needle aspiration biopsy. An algorithm can be used to guide the diagnostic approach to a solitary pulmonary nodule.
West J Med 1988 Feb
PMID:The role of percutaneous lung biopsy in the workup of a solitary pulmonary nodule. 327 7


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