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Query: UMLS:C0019079 (hemoptysis)
 6,129 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

107 Consecutive patients with rheumatic valvular heart disease (41 males, 66 females, average age 24.2 years) being followed at an Ethiopian cardiology referral clinic were examined and questioned about their experience of hemoptysis. 51 Patients (48%) gave a history of hemoptysis; 11 described their usual hemoptysis as frank blood, 40 as blood-streaked sputum. 29 patients had frequent hemoptysis, 13 had several episodes, and 9 only 1 occurrence. Prevalence of hemoptysis did not vary significantly by sex, physical findings, New York Heart Association classification, or valvular lesion, including the presence or absence of mitral stenosis. A majority (64) had been tested for tuberculosis, with 5 having been treated for active disease. Hemoptysis is a common manifestation of rheumatic heart disease, and is usually well tolerated.
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PMID:Hemoptysis in rheumatic heart disease. 129 42

A case of pulmonary infarction presenting as aseptic cavitation was reported. Basically, the patient suffered from rheumatic heart disease, mitral stenosis and insufficiency, and atrial fibrillation with predominant right heart enlargement. Hemoptysis, chest pain and dyspnea were present. Chest film simulated a thin wall lung abscess. The clinical picture suggested aseptic cavitation, which was confirmed by 99mTc-MAA lung scan.
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PMID:Pulmonary infarction presenting as aseptic cavitation. 212 49

Haemoptysis is an alarming symptom, and the management depends upon the aetiology. Emergency management depends upon localization of the site of bleeding by roentgenogram, computerized chest tompgraphy and bronchoscopy. We prospectively evaluated 52 patients with haemoptysis admitted to the Chest Hospital, Kuwait for 1 year (January 1998 to December 1998) and followed them up for 1 year (January 1999 to December 1999). There were 42 males (80.8%) and 10 (19.2%) females, with a mean age of 42.2 (16-86) years. Of these, 26.9% were Kuwaiti nationals, 36.5% were Arab non-Kuwaiti nationals, 34.6% were Asians and 1.9% were other nationals. The aetiologies of haemoptysis were bronchiectasis (21.2%), old pulmonary tuberculosis with bronchiectasis (17.3%), active pulmonary tuberculosis (15.4%), bronchitis (5.8%), aspergilloma, rheumatic heart disease and carcinoid (1.9%). Aetiology could not be identified in 25% of patients. The site of bleeding in haemoptysis could not be localized by the consultants in 18 (32%) by roentgenogram. 16 patients (37%) by CT scan and 23 patients (50%) by Fibreoptic bronchoscopy. Sequential estimation of hemoglobin showed a mean of 13.56 (SD 1.9) and 13.31 (SD 1.8) after 24 h. The difference in mean was statistically significant (p<0.036). Conservative management was given in 80.8%, and embolotherapy or surgical intervention in 19.2% of patients. Only 12% of patients had recurrent haemoptysis at 1-year follow up. In conclusion, bronchiectasis and pulmonary tuberculosis were the major causes of haemoptysis in this study. Roentgenogram, CT scan and fibreoptic bronchoscopy are useful for localizing the site of bleeding. Sequential estimation of haemoglobin may be helpful in assessing the severity of haemoptysis, but larger studies are required to address this observation. The outcome of haemoptysis is generally good, with a low mortality and recurrence rate.
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PMID:Haemoptysis: aetiology, evaluation and outcome--a prospective study in a third-world country. 1145 10

Rheumatic fever is the main etiology for valvular heart diseases in children. Valvular insufficiencies are frequent, and development of disease at an earlier age results in severe valvular damage. In this report we present a 9-year-old child with rheumatic heart disease who was admitted to our clinic with hemoptysis and haematemesis caused by mitral stenosis (MS) resulting in pulmonary venous hypertension. The child was treated with mitral balloon valvuloplasty by hybrid approach. Percutaneous mitral balloon valvuloplasty is used for management of MS in adults, but it is less frequently used in children because of its high rate of complications. Because of the severity of disease with which this patient presented, as well as her younger age and lower weight, we preferred to use the hybrid approach, and the results were favorable. In conclusion, in patients with special conditions, hybrid mitral valvuloplasty through the right upper pulmonary vein should be considered when managing children with similar conditions.
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PMID:Mitral balloon valvuloplasty in a child by hybrid approach. 1902 Jul 91

Lesions of the heart valves are the commonest acquired cardiac abnormalities seen in pediatric age group. In India, the underlying cause for most valvular diseases is chronic rheumatic heart disease (RHD). The aim of evaluation of patients with valvular heart disease is not only to make a diagnosis, but also to decide the management plan. The pediatrician or physician is usually the first health care provider to whom such patients (or their parents) report. It is therefore imperative that the general physician and pediatricians are well versed with valvular heart diseases. Valvular abnormalities produce characteristic murmurs and a bedside diagnosis is possible in majority. However, further investigations such as X ray of the chest and an ECG are useful tools to refine the diagnosis. Echocardiography is now widely available to most of the patients in India and is very useful for assessing the severity of valve lesion and to identify the underlying etiology. Serial echocardiography is instrumental in deciding the timing of intervention. Mitral valve is most commonly affected followed by aortic; in some patients both valves may be affected. The valve may not close properly, resulting in regurgitation of blood flow in reverse direction or does not open fully (stenosis). In mitral regurgitation (MR), the blood flows in the reverse direction. MR can occur secondary to several causes, but in India, the commonest cause is RHD. Patient may remain asymptpmatic for a long period of time. Symptoms include fatigue, palpitations and later exertional breathlessness. MR typically produces a pansystolic murmur at apex, which may radiate to left axilla. Surgical intervention is reserved for all symptomatic patients with severe MR. Valve repair is preferred over prosthetic valve replacement. Mitral stenosis (MS) is almost always due to RHD. Severe MS results in pulmonary hypertension, right ventricular failure and tricuspid regurgitation. Patients are often symptomatic with dyspnea. Hemoptysis may occur. A typical rumbling mid diastolic murmur is the hallmark of MS. Balloon mitral valvotomy, performed in the catheterization lab, is recommended for severe MS.
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PMID:Evaluation of Acquired Valvular Heart Disease by the Pediatrician: When to Follow, When to Refer for Intervention? Part I. 2614 45

Severe mitral valve stenosis caused by rheumatic heart disease presenting initially as massive hemoptysis has become a rare occurrence in contemporary western medicine. Massive hemoptysis can be due to multiple disease processes including airway diseases such as bronchiectasis, pulmonary parenchymal disease of infectious or autoimmune etiology, pulmonary AVM's, hematologic disorders, and numerous drugs and iatrogenic injuries. It is less associated with congestion from rheumatic heart disease due to the earlier detection and subsequent management of cardiac valve disease preventing the sequela of more severe disease. We describe a case of a 59 year-old woman with hemoptysis, who was found to have severe mitral stenosis consistent with rheumatic heart disease. We demonstrate the appearance of pulmonary venous congestion can be seen on bronchoscopic examination in severe mitral stenosis and discuss the significance of the Wilkins score to help guide management.
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PMID:Mitral stenosis due to rheumatic heart disease - A rare cause of massive hemoptysis. 2997 54