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Query: UMLS:C0019079 (hemoptysis)
 6,129 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Wind instrument performance is a notable feature in pneumology under aspects of ventilatory physiology and respiratory diseases. It requires an adequate ventilatory function combined with precise control of air flow and the ability to generate sufficient mouth pressures. Depending on the type of wind instrument, the required rates of airway pressure and air flow differ significantly. The cause of respiratory disease in wind instrument players may be related to these increased airway pressures in terms of a barotrauma. Wind instrumentalists may suffer from hemoptysis, laryngoceles, velopharyngeal insufficiency and pneumoparotitis due to their musical performance. Even the development of lung cancer has been assumed to be related to wind instrument playing. Controversy exists about implicating wind instrument use as the cause of pulmonary emphysema or in changes of pulmonary function, which is, however, unlikely under physiological aspects. Furthermore, professional wind instrumentalists may be impaired in their work by the side effects of anti-obstructive medication and respiratory infection. On the other hand, the potential therapeutic effects of wind instrument performance have to be considered. For asthmatic teenagers a significant improvement of pulmonary function and of physical and emotional activities could be related to wind instrument playing. Last but not least, didgeridoo playing was shown to be a promising alternative treatment for obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome.
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PMID:[Pneumological aspects of wind instrument performance--physiological, pathophysiological and therapeutic considerations]. 1807 66

A 22-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital because of hemoptysis and respiratory insufficiency. The chest roentgenogram and the chest computed tomogram showed infiltrative shadows in the bilateral lower lobes and mediastinal emphysema. On the second day of hospitalization, we performed double lumen endotracheal tube intubations for the repeated life-threatening hemoptysis. Bronchoscope examination revealed normal bronchus with fibrin formation. Bronchial autobiography (BAG) showed a convoluted and enlarged right bronchial artery and bronchial-pulmonary artery shunt. We diagnosed primary racemose hemangioma of a bronchial artery and performed bronchial artery embolism (BAE) of the right upper bronchial artery using coil. There was no reccurence of hemoptysis after BAE procedure. BAE with coil seems to be effective for life-threatening hemoptysis due to racemose hemangioma.
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PMID:[Case of primary racemose hemangioma of a bronchial artery with life-threatening hemoptysis]. 1827 66

The larynx and surrounding soft tissues are vulnerable to injury during athletics despite protective equipment and rule modifications. Laryngeal injuries are uncommon but potentially fatal conditions that pose risks to the voice, airway, and esophagus of athletes who sustain blunt or penetrating neck trauma. Common symptoms and signs of laryngeal trauma include hoarseness, dyspnea, hemoptysis, dysphonia, respiratory distress, anterior neck tenderness, subcutaneous emphysema, and loss of normal laryngeal architecture. Diagnostic evaluation includes plain radiographs, computed tomography, and fibroscopic endoscopy. Most athletes with laryngeal injuries will require surgical treatment to restore normal regional anatomy and vocal quality. Less severe injuries may be treated with close observation, serial endoscopy, medications, and vocal rest.
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PMID:Laryngeal trauma in sport. 1829 39

The authors report a new familial case of alpha-1- antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency with severe pulmonary emphysema and hemoptysis. A severely reduced serum AAT level of the proband, a 56-year-old farmer's wife and her sister were observed. Mutation analysis of the AAT gene was performed using allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis followed by direct sequencing. The proband and her younger sister proved to be homozygous for PISiiyama. Although home oxygen therapy was induced in addition to previous medications including bronchodilators and cardiovascular conditioning, the proband's rate of decline of forced expiratory volume at one second (FEV1) was progressing. Lung transplantation was therefore advisable for the patient. Clinical analysis on Japanese cases reported in the literature shows that the rate of decline of FEV1 is one of the most convenient prognostic factors to find proper timing for surgical intervention. Lung transplantation is one of the best reliable current therapies to improve quality of life of severely impaired patients.
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PMID:Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency (Siiyama) as indication for lung transplantation: proper timing for surgical intervention. 1857 11

Placental transmogrification of the lung is a rare histologic subtype of bullous emphysema. We report a case of placental transmogrification in a 39-year-old man with dyspnea, mild hemoptysis, and giant bullous emphysema with an associated lung mass. Here we show that untreated placental transmogrification of the lung can lead to severe pulmonary symptoms and surgery is diagnostic and curative.
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PMID:Placental transmogrification of the lung presenting as emphysema and a lung mass. 1916 94

Cases of pulmonary aspergilloma without any predisposing factors are rarely reported. Clinical presentation varies from case to case. Here, we report a case of pulmonary aspergilloma in a 60-year-old male patient who was admitted to the Intensive Respiratory Care Unit with spontaneous pneumothorax. The patient had a history of dyspnea on exertion since 9 months and mild haemoptysis since the last 6 months. A computerised tomographic scan of the lungs showed a lesion in the left main bronchus along with obstructive emphysema of the right lung, moderate pneumothorax and mediastinal emphysema. Bronchoscopy was performed and the biopsy samples were processed for histopathological examination and culture on Sabouraud's dextrose agar, which yielded growth of Aspergillus flavus. Repeat sputum samples also yielded the growth of A. flavus. The patient responded to intravenous liposomaamphotericin B and intercostal drainage.
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PMID:Uncommon presentation of pulmonary aspergilloma. 1958 15

Laryngotracheal separation injuries are rare and potentially fatal. Immediate respiratory signs may include dysphonia, aphonia, hemoptysis, subcutaneous emphysema and a sucking wound. Patients with this injury usually die at the site of the trauma. The absolute life saving intervention for patients with laryngotracheal injury is airway control via routine intubation or emergency tracheostomy. We present an extremely rare case of complete laryngotracheal separation in a teenager driving a quad bike in a 'clothes line' type injury with chicken wire. This case highlights the need for prompt airway evaluation, radiological imaging required, surgical management and long term injury sequelae.
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PMID:Complete traumatic laryngo-tracheal separation. 1990 48

Paraquat is a nonselective contact herbicide of great toxicological importance, being associated with high mortality rates, mainly due to respiratory failure. We report the case of a 22-year-old male admitted to the emergency room with a sore throat, dysphagia, hemoptysis, and retrosternal pain after the ingestion of 50 mL of a paraquat solution, four days prior to admission. Chest CT scans revealed pulmonary opacities, pneumomediastinum, pneumothorax, and subcutaneous emphysema. The patient was submitted to two cycles of immunosuppressive therapy with cyclophosphamide, methylprednisolone, and dexamethasone. The pulmonary gas exchange parameters gradually improved, and the patient was discharged four weeks later. The clinical and tomographic follow-up evaluations performed at four months after discharge showed that there had been further clinical improvement. We also present a brief review of the literature, as well as a discussion of the therapeutic algorithm for severe paraquat poisoning.
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PMID:Severe paraquat poisoning: clinical and radiological findings in a survivor. 2083 1

Chest trauma is the most frequent cause of tracheobronchial injury. Less common but potentially serious are lesions caused during intubation maneuvers in a difficult airway, during repeated attempts, or with stylets or other introducers. Though rare, airway lesions are life-threatening complications. We describe the case of a 46-year-old woman undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy whose trachea was injured during intubation with a Frova introducer. The lesion manifested with hemoptysis and subcutaneous and mediastinal emphysema early during recovery. The lesion resolved with conservative treatment and there were no sequelae.
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PMID:[Tracheal laceration during intubation with a Frova introducer]. 2115 43

Foreign bodies in the aerodigestive tract are common. They may cause minimal disturbance of function, severe morbidity or even sudden death. They enter the aerodigestive tract because of haste during eating, disturbances in physical function, impairments due to extreme youth or age, or contamination of food with foreign bodies. Common symptoms are pain, dysphagia, odynophagia, cough, airway distress, hemoptysis and hematemesis. Signs include point tenderness, respiratory distress and surgical emphysema. Clinical, radiological and endoscopic investigations are described, as are principles of crisis and elective management.
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PMID:Foreign bodies in the aerodigestive tract. 2126 32


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