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Query: UMLS:C0019079 (hemoptysis)
 6,129 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We report on a right bronchial-pulmonary artery fistula resulting in fatal hemoptysis in a 54-year-old man, 3 months after right unilateral transplantation for end-stage emphysema. The posttransplantation period was complicated by ulcerative tracheobronchial aspergillosis. Early treatment with itraconazole was performed. All samples of bronchial washing, bronchoalveolar lavage, and bronchial and transbronchial biopsy specimens were free of aspergillus after 3 weeks of treatment. Necropsy showed a fistula between the right pulmonary artery and the main right bronchus, situated just beneath the suture line.
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PMID:Bronchial-pulmonary artery fistula after unilateral lung transplantation: a case report. 958 90

Tracheobronchial ruptures are rare but potentially lifethreatening events. We report on the case of a 34-year-old suicidal unrestrained car driver, who developed subcutaneous and mediastinal emphysema and right-sided haematothorax following blunt thoracic trauma. Fibreoptical inspection of the tracheobronchial system revealed a rupture (approximately 2 cm in length) of the pars membranacea of the trachea ending shortly above the carina. CT-scan confirmed the diagnosis of mediastinal emphysema, tracheal rupture and, in addition, left-sided pulmonary contusion. A repair of the tracheal tear was performed by right-sided thoracotomy using a double-lumen tube. The left-sided double-lumen tube was used postoperatively to achieve respirator ventilation with low pressure on the tracheal lumen and on the suture of the tracheal tear. On the other hand, sufficient airway pressure with PEEP for the left lung showing contusion could be provided, using the endobronchial tube. The postperative course was without complications. The patient was on respiratory support for three days due to his-pulmonary contusion. Following final endoscopic control of the trachea he was discharged from the ICU one week after the trauma. The clinical and radiological signs of tracheobronchial ruptures are discussed (respiratory distress, haemoptysis, cyanosis, localised pain, hoarseness, coughing, dysphagia, stridor, subcutaneous emphysema and pneumothorax, tension pneumothorax, mediastinal emphysema). Fibreoptic bronchoscopy is the present gold standard for confirming the diagnosis. The surgical and anaesthesiological approach to the management of tracheobronchial ruptures is described reviewing the current literature.
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PMID:[Diagnosis and therapy of tracheal rupture after blunt thoracic trauma]. 928 31

We report a case of 33 year old man who consulted us in 1994 for recurrent bronchitis sometimes with haemoptysis. The physical examination was unremarkable. At consultation abnormal fascicular sounds were noted at the left base. A chest x-ray showed hyperlucency of the left lung associated with a very small left hilar shadow. We considered the diagnosis of Mac Leod's syndrome after eliminating a proximal obstructive pathology and pulmonary embolus. Mac Leod's syndrome or Swyer James' syndrome was described in 1954 and is suggested on the standard radiograph above all if the expiratory films have confirmed the presence of air trapping. Angiography shows a slender and fine pulmonary network. Computer tomographic examination of the chest rules out a bronchial tumour, excludes bullous emphysema and reveals hyperlucent zones. Scintigraphy with ventilation perfusion supplies the essentials to understanding the mechanism (a syndrome of aerated lung which is neither directly ventilated nor perfused). The expiratory function tests most often show a restrictive syndrome but sometimes an obstructive syndrome is found with associated air trapping. The disorder does not progress and the prognosis is good.
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PMID:[Unilateral hyperlucent lung]. 949 8

A 66-year-old man with a history of COPD and Aspergillus fumigatus infection developed massive hemoptysis. Pulmonary artery angiography revealed an aneurysm which was successfully treated with coil embolization. This is the first known report of a pulmonary artery aneurysm causing massive hemoptysis in a patient with bullous emphysema.
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PMID:Massive hemoptysis from a pulmonary artery aneurysm associated with an emphysematous bulla. 955 60

The acceptance of transtracheal catheters (TTC) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients with severe hypoxaemia was analysed and the adverse events associated with this system of oxygenation described. Once the TTC (Oxycat) was inserted, each patient was monitored on an outpatient basis and information about the associated adverse events was collected. In a group of 70 patients that met the inclusion criteria, only 14 (20%) accepted TTC insertion. The observed adverse events were: haemorrhage through the stoma (3); ejection of the TTC in a cough reflex (2); subcutaneous emphysema (2); mucous plugging (1); and haemoptysis (1). Removal of the TTC was necessary in 29% of the cases, and was associated with the onset of an adverse event in all cases except one. Despite the proven benefits of oxygen therapy performance and the improvement in effort tolerance, transtracheal catheter has a low level of acceptance among patients with extremely disabling diseases. The adverse events observed were frequent, but could have been corrected and in no case worsened our patients' prognosis.
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PMID:Transtracheal catheter acceptance and adverse events in long-term home oxygen therapy. 968 95

We report two very rare cases of solitary peripheral pulmonary arterial aneurysm. Case 1: An 83-year-old man treated for myocardial infarction died of multiple organ failure and hemoptysis. Autopsy disclosed rupture of a pulmonary arterial aneurysm 1.5 cm in diameter in the right A3. Case 2: A 75-year-old man was found to have a pulmonary arterial aneurysm, 3 cm in diameter of the right A1. Surgical treatment was not indicated, because of severe pulmonary emphysema. The aneurysms in these two cases were idiopathic: (1) there were no histologic findings that would implicate specific chronic inflammation. (2) the period from the occurrence of secondary pulmonary hypertension to hemoptysis was short, and there was no (3) history of trauma.
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PMID:[Two cases of solitary peripheral pulmonary arterial aneurysm]. 969 55

Bronchiectasis belongs to the family of chronic obstructive lung diseases, even though it is much less common than asthma, chronic bronchitis, or emphysema. Clinical features of these entities overlap significantly. The triad of chronic cough, sputum production, and hemoptysis always should bring bronchiectasis to mind as a possible cause. Chronic airway inflammation leads to bronchial dilation and destruction, resulting in recurrent sputum overproduction and pneumonitis. Once the diagnosis is confirmed, any potential predisposing conditions should be aggressively sought. The relapsing nature of bronchiectasis can be controlled with antibiotics, chest physiotherapy, inhaled bronchodilators, proper hydration, and good nutrition. In rare circumstances, surgical resection or bilateral lung transplantation may be the only option available for improving quality of life. Prognosis is generally good but varies with the underlying syndrome.
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PMID:Bronchiectasis: the 'other' obstructive lung disease. 1041 80

A patient with a small-sized pulmonary adenocarcinoma was successfully treated by percutaneous high dose rate interstitial brachytherapy alone. The patient, who had an adenocarcinoma with 12-mm diameter in the lingular lobe of left lung, was judged to be inoperable because of poor pulmonary function due to emphysema and extensive pleural adhesion. The tumor was punctured with a 21-gauge fine applicator needle followed by the introduction of an iridium 192 (192Ir) radioactive source through the applicator needle using a remote afterloader. The tumor was irradiated for 225.1 s in one fraction. The tumor was in the inside of the iso-dose line of 40 Gy. The delivered doses calculated at nine reference points, which were 12.5 mm distant from the center of the tumor, distributed between 19.225 and 32.169 Gy, with a mean of 24.8 Gy. No apparent side effect including pneumothorax and hemoptysis was observed. The tumor shrank and showed no increment of the size for about 2 years.
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PMID:Percutaneous brachytherapy for small-sized non-small cell lung cancer. 1046 4

Aortobronchic fistula is a very unusual complication of thoracic aneurysm. We report the case of a 71-year old man with rupture of a thoracic aortic aneurysm in the left main bronchus. The patient had suffered a car crash fifteen years ago, without any evidence of aortic rupture at the time. Thereafter, he developed an aortic isthmic dilation (36 mm in diameter). The patient suffered from long standing pulmonary insufficiency and emphysema and was admitted several times on an urgent basis for acute dyspnea. During an hospitalization for respiratory distress, he presented haemoptysis and left lung hyperinflation secondary to partial fistulization and extrinsic compression of the main left bronchus. Isthmic aortic resection and prosthetic grafting was performed and the left main bronchus was closed by an autologous pericardial patch. Ten days later, following an air-leak from the bronchial closure, a transposed latissimus dorsi flap was used by the plastic surgeon to repair the defect. Nevertheless, the patient died from multisystemic failure six weeks later.
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PMID:Rupture of a thoracic aneurysm in the left bronchus. 1092 18

External laryngeal trauma is rare, accounting for less than 1% of all trauma cases seen at major centers. We report the case of a man who experienced multiple injuries, including an external laryngeal trauma. The primary signs and symptoms of his laryngeal trauma were hoarseness, hemoptysis, the loss of his laryngeal prominence (Adam's apple), neck tenderness, traumatic emphysema in the neck, and a small penetrating wound to the right of the laryngeal prominence. The patient underwent immediate tracheostomy and surgical exploration. On long-term followup, his voice quality and airway patency improved. This case illustrates the importance of rapid identification and early management of laryngotracheal trauma in a patient with multiple injuries.
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PMID:Case report: acute management of external laryngeal trauma. 1105 1


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