Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019079 (hemoptysis)
 6,129 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 69-year-old woman suddenly suffered massive hemoptysis and was admitted to the hospital. The test of anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies was negative. Chest radiograph showed diffuse infiltrative shadows similar to those of lung edema in the both lung fields. The patient's condition worsened gradually during the next 3 weeks, with repeated massive hemoptysis. Steroid pulse therapy had limited effects on the progressive respiratory failure, and the patient died. Autopsy showed alveolar hemorrhage and macrophages containing haemosiderin. Immunofluoresence microscopy showed no deposits of immunoglobulin in the kidney. Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis of adult onset with acute respiratory failure is rare in Japan.
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PMID:[A case of idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis of adult onset]. 785 79

A 32 year old man was admitted for dyspnea, hemoptysis, macroscopic hematuria, hypertension (140/100), peripheral edema and hemodynamic decompensation. Lung Xrays revealed pulmonary edema and a cavity in the left apex. Laboratory determinations revealed an altered renal function with increased creatinine and urea levels and nephrotic syndrome. There was leucocyturia, hematuria and cylindruria. The sputum showed a large number of acid-fast bacilli. The patient began anti-tuberculosis treatment with three drugs (isoniacid, rifampicin, pirazinamide). On ultrasonography, both kidneys revealed ecogenic lesions with size, shape and cortico-medular relationship preserved. The patient persisted with altered renal function, steady levels of urea nitrogen, creatinine and potassium, preserved diuresis and hypertension. Bidimensional echocardiogram: LVDD 55 mm, hypoquinetic septum, pericardic effusion, thickened pericardium, pleural effusion, shortening fraction decreased. He received treatment for this congestive cardiac failure and hypertension with enalapril, nifedipine and fursemide. A percutaneous renal biopsy was performed with anatomopathologic diagnosis of diffuse encocapillar proliferative glomerulonephritis with crescents (15%) and total glomerular sclerosis (33%). Immunofluorescence: positive, immune-complexes with IgM and C3. The patient gradually recovered his normal renal function, improved his pleural effusions and normalized his cardiac function. He was discharged in good clinical condition on the 69th day of anti-tuberculosis treatment. An association between pulmonary tuberculosis and glomerulonephritis is discussed. It is proposed that renal lesions might be the consequence of the tuberculosis due to the sedimentation of circulating immune-complexes.
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PMID:[Immune complex glomerulonephritis associated with pulmonary tuberculosis]. 785 90

Diffuse lung hemorrhage is a relatively rare disorder characterized by diffuse hemorrhage from microvascular lung elements into the alveolar lumen. The disease may occur independently but is usually associated with different clinical syndromes. Regardless of the type of the syndrome it is associated with, diffuse lung hemorrhage is most frequently characterized by the following triad of clinical-radiological symptoms: hemoptysis, anemia and diffuse alveolar consolidation in the lung radiogram. The disease does not form a specific radiologic picture but encompasses a wide range of changes which can be seen in all processes characterized by the presence of the liquor in the alveolar (lung edema, pneumonia). Dynamic changes observed in the picture necessitate frequent radiologic controls which along with other clinical symptoms and the recognition of the phenomenon, might be rather valuable in setting diagnosis of the disease.
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PMID:[Evaluation of diffuse pulmonary hemorrhage with conventional radiologic methods]. 786 46

We present the pulmonary findings in 36 autopsies of children affected by the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Twenty-three patients were male and 13 were female, ranging in age between 3 days and 13 years. Twenty children had human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive parents or parents who were at high risk of exposure (intravenous drug abusers and prostitutes), five had a history of transfusion, and one had a history of renal transplantation and blood transfusion. Clinically, the patients presented with recurrent infections, failure to thrive, hepatosplenomegaly, fever, cough, and/or hemoptysis. Histologically, specific infectious processes were the most common finding (75% of cases), with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia being the most prevalent type of infection, followed by bacterial pneumonia. Neoplastic conditions and lymphoid interstitial pneumonia were less frequent (approximately 10% of cases). In addition, in approximately 10% of the cases the pulmonary findings were non-specific (ie, pulmonary edema and atelectasis) and probably unrelated to HIV infection. Our findings suggest that specific infectious conditions constitute the most common type of pulmonary pathology in children with AIDS. However, because there is a small percentage of children with nonspecific findings, a transbronchial biopsy is important for proper evaluation before institution of therapy.
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PMID:The spectrum of pathological changes in the lung in children with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: an autopsy study of 36 cases. 808 62

Two patients with asymptomatic IgA nephropathy (IgAN) and a third patient with chronic renal failure due to IgAN died following a recent onset of dyspnea, hemoptysis, and pulmonary infiltrates. In all cases, the cause of death was respiratory failure attributed to either bronchopneumonia or pulmonary edema. However, no infectious agent was identified. In all three patients, the diagnoses of IgAN and idiopathic pulmonary hemorrhage were established at postmortem examination. Acute alveolar hemorrhage was present in two patients. All three patients had heavy alveolar hemosiderin-laden macrophages, and capillaritis was recognized in two of them. The occurrence of fatal pulmonary hemorrhage in patients with IgAN is rare. Our findings suggested an immune complex-mediated pulmonary injury that was possibly related to the systemic nature of IgAN.
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PMID:Pulmonary hemorrhage. A fatal manifestation in IgA nephropathy. 819 62

Medical records of 150 patients with high-altitude pulmonary edema seen over a 39-month period in a Colorado Rocky Mountain ski area at 2,928 m (9,600 ft) (mean age 34.4 years; 84% male) were reviewed. The mean time to the onset of symptoms was 3 +/- 1.3 days after arrival. Common symptoms were dyspnea, cough, headache, chest congestion, nausea, fever, and weakness. Orthopnea, hemoptysis, and vomiting were rare, occurring in 7%, 6%, and 16%, respectively. Symptoms of cerebral edema occurred in 14%. A temperature exceeding 100 degrees F occurred in 20%, and 17% had a systolic blood pressure of 150 mm of mercury or higher. Blood pressures were higher in patients older than 50 years (142 mm of mercury). Rales were present in 85%, and a pulmonary infiltrate was present in 88%; both were most commonly bilateral or on the right side. The amount of infiltrate was mild. Men appeared to be more susceptible than women to high-altitude pulmonary edema. Pulse oximetry in 45 patients showed a mean oxygen saturation of 74% (38% to 93%). Treatment methods depended on severity and included a return to quarters for portable nasal oxygen, an overnight stay in the clinic for continuing oxygen, or a descent to Denver for recovery or admission to a hospital. All patients received oxygen for 2 to 4 hours in the clinic. There were no deaths or complications.
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PMID:High-altitude pulmonary edema at a ski resort. 877 33

A syndrome of acute pulmonary edema has been previously reported among scuba divers in cold, European waters. Because of the temperatures involved, the name "cold-induced pulmonary edema" was coined in the original 1989 description. We report six individuals who developed the identical syndrome, five while diving in Puget Sound and one in the Gulf of Mexico. The four women and two men ranged in age from 24 to 60 yr. They experienced one to six episodes apiece, each with the development severe dyspnea at depth without excessive exertion. Associated symptoms included cough, weakness, expectoration of froth, chest discomfort, orthopnea, wheezing, hemoptysis, and dizziness. Emergency medical evaluation of four divers revealed rales on examination and pulmonary edema on chest radiograph. In one diver with pulmonary edema on chest radiograph, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure was normal when measured acutely. Symptoms resolved either spontaneously over 1-2 days or with standard medial treatment for pulmonary edema. Prior history of cardiovascular disease was negative except for hypertension and mitral valve prolapse in one diver. Cardiac evaluations following recovery from the acute episodes were normal. Episodes in the cold waters of Puget Sound sometimes occurred despite the use of dry suits. Furthermore, one diver developed recurrent episodes in 27 degrees C water off Cozumel, Mexico. Development of pulmonary edema while scuba diving constitutes a distinct clinical entity which may occur in either "cold" or "warm" water. It is not associated with a decompression mechanism. Personnel caring for divers should be aware of the syndrome in order to provide optimal medical management.
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PMID:Pulmonary edema of scuba divers. 906 53

Pulmonary oedema has been described in swimmers and self-contained underwater breathing apparatus (Scuba) divers. This study reports three cases of haemoptysis secondary to alveolar haemorrhage in breath-hold divers. Contributory factors, such as haemodynamic modifications secondary to immersion, cold exposure, exercise and exposure to an increase in ambient pressure, could explain this type of accident. Furthermore, these divers had taken aspirin, which may have aggravated the bleeding.
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PMID:Haemoptysis after breath-hold diving. 1023 49

Six cases of post-extubation pulmonary oedema in otherwise healthy patients are reported. All were preceded by an episode of laryngospasm and followed a clinical course similar to that previously documented in cases of post-obstructive pulmonary oedema. Frank haemoptysis was a feature of five of the presentations. One patient was reintubated and ventilated, two were admitted to the intensive care unit for mask CPAP, one was managed with CPAP in the recovery ward and two with supplemental oxygen only. All cases resolved fully within 24 hours. Some evidence points to the syndrome being the result of airway bleeding rather than true pulmonary oedema. The literature suggests that it occurs more commonly than is generally thought, with a frequency of 0.05 to 0.1% of all anaesthetics, and is often unrecognised or misdiagnosed. Most cases occur in the early postoperative period, so anaesthetists are well placed to witness, investigate and manage this interesting condition.
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PMID:Postobstructive pulmonary oedema--a case series and review. 1126 21

Chemical burns are associated with significant morbidity, especially anhydrous ammonia burns. Anhydrous ammonia is a colorless, pungent gas that is stored and transported under pressure in liquid form. A 28 year-old patient suffered 45% total body surface area of second and third degree burns as well as inhalational injury from an anhydrous ammonia explosion. Along with fluid resuscitation, the patient's body was scrubbed every 6 h with sterile water for the first 48 h to decrease the skin pH from 10 to 6-8. He subsequently underwent a total of seven wound debridements; initially with allograft and then autograft. On post burn day 45, he was discharged. The injuries associated with anhydrous ammonia burns are specific to the effects of ammonium hydroxide. Severity of symptoms and tissue damage produced is directly related to the concentration of hydroxyl ions. Liquefactive necrosis results in superficial to full-thickness tissue loss. The affinity of anhydrous ammonia and its byproducts for mucous membranes can result in hemoptysis, pharyngitis, pulmonary edema, and bronchiectasis. Ocular sequelae include iritis, glaucoma, cataracts, and retinal atrophy. The desirability of treating anhydrous ammonia burns immediately cannot be overemphasized. Clothing must be removed quickly, and irrigation with water initiated at the scene and continued for the first 24 h. Resuscitative measures should be started as well as early debridement of nonviable skin. Patients with significant facial or pharyngeal burns should be intubated, and the eyes irrigated until a conjunctivae sac pH below 8.5 is achieved. Although health care professionals need to be prepared to treat chemical burns, educating the public, especially those workers in the agricultural and industrial setting, should be the first line of prevention.
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PMID:Anhydrous ammonia burns case report and review of the literature. 1081 76


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