Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0019079 (hemoptysis)
 6,129 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cystic fibrosis is the most common fatal inherited disease of Caucasians. At present, cystic fibrosis accounts for most cases of chronic progressive pulmonary disease and for many other clinical features in the first three decades of life. Thus, it is a challenge to both pediatricians and internists, particularly chest physicians. The diagnosis is based on the triad of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pancreatic insufficiency, and increased levels of electrolytes in the sweat. The cardinal test for confirmation of the diagnosis is the "sweat test," which is an excellent discriminant for cystic fibrosis, even in adults. Ancillary features of cystic fibrosis may be of diagnostic assistance (eg, nasal polyposis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa in sputum, azoospermia, and others). Treatment of the pulmonary disease must be emphasized. Choice of antibiotics should be based on the results of sputum culture, but P aeruginosa is the most common pathogen. Removal of secretions by regular postural drainage and percussion is an integral part of the program. Pneumothorax, massive hemoptysis, cor pulmonale, and other complications may be encountered. Sinusitis is almost universal, and nasal polyposis is frequently present. Pancreatic insufficiency occurs in over 80 percent of the patients with cystic fibrosis and may result in intestinal malabsorption. Massive salt loss through the sweat in hot weather, a distinctive type of biliary cirrhosis without jaundice, gallbladder abnormalities, cholelithiasis, and diabetes mellitus also may be found. Of special importance are intestinal obstructive complications (meconium ileus in newborn infants with cystic fibrosis and intestinal obstruction due to fecal accumulation or intussusception in adults). Azoospermia is present in 95 percent of men and there is reduced fertility in women; however, pregnancy does occur in cystic fibrosis. This chronic and ultimately fatal disease produces a predictable set of psychosocial complications.
 ...
PMID:Diagnosis and treatment of cystic fibrosis. An update. 637 70

The records of 35 adult male patients with suspected Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and the acquired immune deficiency syndrome were reviewed to determine the diagnostic utility of fiberoptic bronchoscopy. Twenty-two of the 24 patients (92%) shown to have Pneumocystis pneumonia were diagnosed by bronchoscopy; 20 patients were diagnosed after 1 bronchoscopy and 2 patients after 2 bronchoscopies. The sensitivity of bronchoscopy specimens for diagnosing Pneumocystis pneumonia was 79% for transbronchial biopsies (19 of 24), 78% for transbronchial biopsy touch preparations (7 of 9), 55% for bronchial washings (11 of 20), and 39% for bronchial brushings (7 of 18). The overall sensitivity of fiberoptic bronchoscopy was 85% (22 positive of 26 total bronchoscopies). Complications, occurring during 6 of the 37 bronchoscopies, were slight hemoptysis (1 patient), fever (2 patients), septic shock (1 patient), and pneumothorax (2 patients). Fiberoptic bronchoscopy is a safe and effective procedure for making the early diagnosis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in adult male patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome.
 ...
PMID:Diagnostic utility of fiberoptic bronchoscopy in patients with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and the acquired immune deficiency syndrome. 660

The symptoms of progressive dyspnea, hemoptysis, spontaneous pneumothorax, chylous effusions, and cough in conjunction with ventilatory obstruction and abnormal gas exchange in a young woman should prompt the diagnosis of pulmonary lymphangiomyomatosis. Cytosol steroid-receptor assays and postmortem studies were conducted in an extensive investigation of a case of this disease. A biopsy specimen of the lung disclosed evidence of nuclear translocation of [3H]progesterone and the presence of a cytosolic receptor for progesterone, an indication that this disease could be treated effectively with progestin.
 ...
PMID:Pulmonary lymphangiomyomatosis: with particular reference to steroid-receptor assay studies and pathologic correlation. 669 30

Delayed diagnosis of tracheobronchial disruption resulting from blunt trauma continues to cause major morbidity and death. At the University of Louisville from 1968 to 1982, 13 patients had tracheobronchial disruption resulting from blunt trauma. All injuries were caused by motor vehicle accidents. Disruptions were located in the trachea in six patients and in the right bronchus in seven patients. Physical findings included: subcutaneous emphysema (11 patients), respiratory distress (10 patients), hemoptysis (six patients), and flail chest (four patients). Four patients (30%) died, three from multiple major associated injuries and the other before therapy could be instituted. Among the nine survivors, six had immediate diagnosis and prompt surgical treatment, which consisted of suture repair in five and pneumonectomy in the other patient. Two patients had delay in diagnosis, and repair was attempted at 4 and 30 days, respectively; bronchial stricture resulted in one and pneumonectomy, empyema, and bronchopleural fistula in the other. Another patient with a bronchial mucosal tear was treated nonoperatively without complication. Tracheobronchial disruption should always be considered with massive blunt chest trauma. Repeated bronchoscopy is indicated for unexplained pleural air leaks, lobar atelectasis, or persistent pneumothorax. Prompt diagnosis and expeditious surgical therapy result in fewer complications and increased survival.
 ...
PMID:Management of tracheobronchial disruption resulting from blunt trauma. 670 88

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common serious genetic condition in the White population groups. Thirty-three White patients (mean age 20 years, range 14-32 years) seen at an adult CF clinic at the Johannesburg Hospital between January 1980 and January 1983 are reviewed. All had elevated sweat chloride levels. There was a family history of CF in 45,5% of the cases. Most were of normal height but significantly underweight. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was present in 94% of the patients. Pulmonary infections played a major role in both symptomatic exacerbations and progressive lung disease. Most frequently, mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa and/or Staphylococcus aureus were cultured from the sputum. The management of infective exacerbations is discussed. Other respiratory complications included cor pulmonale, haemoptysis, recurrent pneumothorax and sinusitis. Chest radiographs and pulmonary function tests are also analysed. Gastro-intestinal complications included pancreatic exocrine insufficiency (94%), intestinal obstruction, cholelithiasis, and liver disease. Insulin-dependent diabetes occurred in 9%. Five pregnancies were recorded in 4 patients. By January 1983 there had been 7 deaths (mean age 19,4 years). Most of the patients are highly motivated, with few psychological problems, and appear to be well-functioning and integrated members of society.
 ...
PMID:Experience at an adolescent and adult cystic fibrosis clinic. An analysis and overview. 671 Feb 79

The contribution of percutaneous fine needle aspiration biopsy of the lung to the diagnosis of lung lesions has been evaluated. Between 1976 and 1981 this method was used in 600 patients of the Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases. In 72 patients the diagnosis was not clearly confirmed during the follow-up period. Lung biopsy contributed to the diagnosis in 458 (88.7%) out of the remaining 528 patients. The main contribution of this method was in the examination of patients with malignancies. Of the 421 cases of malignant neoplasm, the cytological finding correlated with the definitive diagnosis in 88% of cases. False negative finding was in 11.3% and false positive in 0.7% of cases. In the discussion the possibilities of cytological examination as well as the causes of some errors are analyzed. The technique applied, indications and contraindications of this procedure as well as its complications are reported, indications and contraindications of this procedure as well as its complications are reported. Pneumothorax occurred in 21.2% of patients; in most cases it was only a small one. A pneumothorax requiring chest tube drainage or exsufflation occurred in 7% of cases. Small haemoptysis in 1.4% and there were no other complications.
 ...
PMID:Percutaneous aspiration biopsy in the diagnosis of lung lesions. 672 79

Considering 36 observations, the authors show the relative infrequency of pleural aspergillosis localizations by comparison with pulmonary aspergillomas. Twenty four pleural aspergilloses developed on post-operative residual cavities, particularly after pulmonary exeresis and not only for aspergilloma; 11 forms were apparently primitive after therapeutical pneumothorax; 3 anatomo-clinical forms were found, aspergillomas and pyothoraxes were the most frequent. Pleural involvement can be associated to pulmonary, even bronchial involvement. Discovery circulstances vary: 4 times symptomatology was noisy, other times diagnosis was founded on radiological changes or hemoptysis or on the systematic fungal detection. Therapeutical indications are discussed. A major intervencal changes or hemoptysis or on the systematic fungal detection. Therapeutical indications are discussed. A major intervention with a radical aim (pulmonary decortication or pleuro-pneumonectomy) is rarely envisaged (7 times out of 35). Parietopleurectomy and rooting out with thoracoplasty are often the only possible ways or even a simple pleurotomy or a medical treatment with is modalities. Post-operative complications are often serious, particularly acute mycotic outbursts. Out of 35 patients, one was never seen again, 13 died, rather late of cardio-respiratory insufficiency, 21 are still alive but only 13 can truly be considered cured.
 ...
PMID:[About 35 cases of pleural aspergillosis (author's transl)]. 677 Mar 58

The most important and consistent symptom of acute PE is the sudden onset of dyspnoea unexplained by pneumonia, heart failure, pneumothorax, or exacerbation of airway obstruction. The features commonly remembered such as haemoptysis and pleural rub may be absent in up to two thirds of patients. With previous cardiorespiratory disease the signs and symptoms become nonspecific and a relatively minor PE can produce clinical features more suggestive of a large embolus. Hypoxia and a raised respiratory rate are also suggestive but cannot be relied upon if there is pre-existing cardiorespiratory disease or in the elderly. Although the radiological appearance of an infarct shadow may be recognized, the chest X-ray is frequently nonspecific or normal. A negative perfusion scan excludes any significant emboli and an abnormal perfusion scan is suggestive of PE but not diagnostic; its specificity can be increased considerably if facilities are available for a concurrent ventilation scan. A deep venous thrombosis when present is also indicative of PE, although its absence does not preclude the diagnosis. Factors predisposing to deep venous thrombosis are usually present in the patient with PE. No single diagnostic aid can be relied upon in the diagnosis of PE. As with many illnesses much of the evidence begins with a careful consideration of the presenting history and physical signs. Further help can be obtained from various investigations, but results must be interpreted with consideration of the patient's age and pre-existing health. The final diagnosis may need to be established by pulmonary angiography.
 ...
PMID:Diagnostic criteria for pulmonary embolism. 701 62

Percutaneous needle aspiration biopsy of thoracic lesions was performed under the guidance of computed tomography (CT) in 28 patients. The lesions chosen for CT guidance of needle placement were those not amenable to demonstration by biplane fluoroscopy: lesions in or adjacent to the mediastinum or hila; peripheral lesions; and small or ill-defined lesions, such as cavitary masses. The accuracy of the technique was assessed on the basis of pathological and radiographic confirmation of the cytologic diagnoses. The sensitivity of the technique was 84% (16/19), the specificity was 100% (6/6), and the overall accuracy was 88% (22/25). Inadequate specimens were obtained in two patients, and another patient could not complete the procedure. Pneumothorax, which developed in 17 patients, was remedied by intercostal tube drainage in three. There was one mild episode of hemoptysis, which resolved spontaneously. We recommended that CT-guided aspiration biopsy of thoracic lesions be used when the type, size, or position of the lesion makes fluoroscopic guidance of the needle unreliable.
 ...
PMID:CT-guided aspiration biopsy of the thorax. 714 12

One case of recurrent pneumothorax, coinciding with menstruation, is documented. The ethiopathogenesis of this syndrome remains unknown, after studying the 44 cases. Their association with pleural endometriosis has only been found in nine cases. This new publication with pleural endometriosis and menstrual hemoptysis supports an endometriosis etiology. The surgical treatment of pneumothorax is effective, and a main disclosure of this syndrome would facilitate the research and enlightenment of the ethiopathogenesis.
 ...
PMID:Catamenial pneumothorax with pleural endometriosis and hemoptysis. 716 16


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>