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Query: UMLS:C0019079 (hemoptysis)
 6,129 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Only a small fraction of sudden unexpected deaths are caused by neoplastic disease and thus subject ot medicolegal autopsy. The medicolegal autopsy forms an opportunity to study not only medically diagnosed and treated neoplasms, but also the natural evolution of untreated disease. In a series of 7,020 consecutive medicolegal autopsies in northern Sweden, we found 171 cases with malignant and/or intracranial neoplasms. In 41 cases, sudden death was caused by previously unknown tumors. The most common mechanisms of death in this group were disseminated cancer, intracranial tumors, pulmonary thromboembolism, hemoptysis, and aspiration of blood, and the most common locations were the bronchi and the lung. In some of these cases, the mechanism was sometimes dramatic, raising a question of violent death or intoxication. In 30 cases, sudden unexpected death was caused by previously known tumors, and also in this group disseminated cancer was the most common cause of death, and the most common locations were the bronchi and the lung. In 22 cases, tumors were found suicidal cases; in 14 of these, the tumor was considered to be a major causative factor to the suicide, while in eight cases the tumor was considered to be an incidental finding. The expected number of cancers in the 1,060 suicides investigated in this series was 27, according to the official cancer prevalence data. Thus, a possible over-representation of suicides among persons with cancer seems doubtful and needs further exploration.
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PMID:Neoplastic disease in a medicolegal autopsy material. A retrospective study in northern Sweden. 318 71

A young man with recurrent cough and hemoptysis was found at thoracotomy to have benign intrapulmonary cystic teratoma. Although benign cystic teratomas are a common mediastinal neoplasm, they rarely occur within the lung parenchyma. Fewer than 30 cases have been reported in the literature. Occasionally, patients present with bronchiectasis, abscess, or pneumonia in addition to cough and hemoptysis. The patient in this report had little evidence of infection and recovered rapidly following surgical excision of the mass.
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PMID:Benign cystic teratoma of the lung. 335 48

Infection, hemorrhage and adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are pulmonary complications occurring after remission induction therapy for acute leukemia. The aim of this study was to analyze the incidence of these causes by serial roentgenogram, clinical, microbiological and laboratory tests in 21 patients (pts) with relapsed acute leukemia (18 X myeloid, 3 X lymphoblastic), an AML-pt (acute myeloid leukemia) suffering from secondary leukemia, and three pts with primary refractory leukemia following treatment with intermediate (IM) and high-dose cytosine arabinoside (HD-Ara C), in combination with amsacrine (AMSA)(n = 19), etoposide (VP 16) (n = 5) or Mitoxantrone (n = 1). Eleven out of 25 pts developed pulmonary complications, one of them with massive hemoptysis and roentgenographic signs of pulmonary bleeding, one suffering from protracted shock after a tumor lysis syndrome, two pts showing symptoms of a cardiogenic pulmonary edema complicating severe Candida pneumonia in one case and legionnaires' disease in the other. Seven of the eleven pts had a non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema with respiratory failure 1-14 days after cessation of induction or consolidation therapy. In six of the seven, there were no signs of cardiogenic, infectious or metabolic reasons, including fluid overload, for the pulmonary edema, one had as a contributing factor a Candida infection of the lung. Three of the seven patients recovered, four died (two following IM and two after HD-Ara C). Other adverse side effects, clearly attributable to HD-Ara C, included delirious state (n = 3), generalized erythema (n = 3), acute pancreatitis (n = 2), acute abdomen (n = 1) and conjunctivitis in almost all patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Med Oncol Tumor Pharmacother 1988
PMID:Non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema complicating intermediate and high-dose Ara C treatment for relapsed acute leukemia. 336 72

The etiologic factors of major (greater than or equal to 200 ml/24 hr) and massive (greater than or equal to 1,000 ml/24 hr) hemoptysis may well affect the outcome and, therefore, the treatment of this often life-threatening problem. the decline in the incidence of tuberculosis (TB) and bronchiectasis, along with the increase in bronchitis and neoplasia, have led to a strong institutional bias against operating on patients with major and massive hemoptysis. A retrospective case study and an extensive literature review were undertaken to critically evaluate this policy. Fifty-nine consecutive patients with major hemoptysis, 26 of whom had massive hemoptysis, were identified from 887 patients seen in our institution over a 10-year period. Only four of these 59 patients underwent surgery, while 55 were managed conservatively. Etiologic factors, operability, and bleeding rate all appeared to play a major role in outcome. No patients with bronchitis, bronchiectasis, tuberculosis, or who were on anticoagulation therapy died compared to a mortality rate of 59% in patients with carcinoma (CA) of the lung and 71% in patients with leukemia. Eleven percent of operable patients treated conservatively died compared to a 46% mortality rate for nonoperable patients. And, 9% of patients with bleeding rates less than 1,000 ml/24 hr died compared to 58% of those with greater than or equal to 1,000 ml/24 hr. Conservative management appears to have a low mortality in patients with non-tuberculosis-related major hemoptysis as well as in many patients with massive hemoptysis, especially those patients who are operable and those without neoplastic disease.
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PMID:Major and massive hemoptysis: reassessment of conservative management. 342 80

The value of ultrasound-guided tissue-core needle biopsy was assessed in 54 patients with thoracic lesions adjacent to the chest wall. Of these, six were apical and two mediastinal. Biopsy was performed with Trucut or Surecut (modified Menghini) needles in 22 patients, and with both in 32 patients in order to compare the two types of needle. Definitive diagnosis was made in 46 patients (85 percent), of whom 41 had malignancy of various cell types, and five had benign lesions. Of the remaining eight, three had apical lesions, and two had consolidation distal to a proximal tumor. There was complete histologic agreement in 25 of 32 patients where biopsy was performed with both needles. Roentgenographic size of the lesion had relatively little influence on the diagnostic yield. Complications comprise moderate hemoptysis in one patient (2 percent), trivial hemoptysis or hemothorax in three, and symptomless pneumothorax in two which resolved spontaneously. We conclude that tissue core needle biopsy of thoracic lesions under ultrasound guidance is an accurate and safe technique which provides specimens adequate for routine histologic examination. The diagnostic yield from Trucut and Surecut biopsies is comparable.
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PMID:Ultrasound-guided tissue-core biopsy of thoracic lesions with Trucut and Surecut needles. 355 52

Thyroid tumors may involve the airway. Eight patients with such invasion are reported; five with invasion of the larynx and three of the trachea. The symptoms varied: five of the eight patients had stridor and hemoptysis, one had hoarseness, and two had no symptoms at all. Endoscopic and radiologic examinations were performed in all patients including computed tomography in six. Six patients underwent total thyroidectomy and two patients, one with paraganglioma and one with hemangiopericytoma, had a hemithyroidectomy. Three patients had a total laryngectomy, one a partial laryngectomy and one a laryngofissure procedure. Tracheal resection was performed in two patients and one had laser excision of the endotracheal tumor involvement. Three patients received postoperative external irradiation. Six of the eight patients are alive with follow-up of 39 to 85 months.
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PMID:Thyroid tumors invading the larynx and trachea. 371 48

Two patients, each with an infected descending thoracic aortic fistula, are described. The first patient had a postpneumonitic empyema. Thoracostomy tube drainage resulted in obliteration of the empyema cavity. Upon slight withdrawal of the tube, 49 days after its insertion, massive pulsating bleeding occurred through the sinus tract. The bleeding was controlled with manual pressure at the entry site of the chest tube, and the patient was operated upon immediately. A descending aortic defect, 3 cm long X 1.5 cm wide, at the site of the thoracostomy tube was primarily closed. Ten months after the surgical procedure, the patient has had no difficulty referable to her aortic erosion. In the second patient, 9 months after removal of the T-10 vertebra (which had a large cell tumor) and replacement of the vertebra with Dunn's metallic device, hemoptysis and left lower lobe consolidation developed. Aortography demonstrated a lobulated false aneurysm, 4 cm wide X 6 cm long, at the site of Dunn's device. A 16-mm graft was sutured end to side to the descending aorta just distal to the left subclavian artery and to the abdominal aorta below the renal arteries. The false aneurysm was then removed, the two ends of the aorta were sutured, and the stumps were covered with omental graft. Nine months after the repair the patient has had no difficulty referable to the aortic surgery.
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PMID:Infected descending aortic fistula. 371 43

Hemoptysis as a presenting symptom of pheochromocytoma has not received wide recognition. This report describes a patient with a pheochromocytoma complicated by hemoptysis. The hemoptysis occurred during paroxysms of hypertension and was cured by surgical removal of the tumor. Knowledge of this association could lead to more rapid diagnosis.
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PMID:Hemoptysis as a presenting symptom of pheochromocytoma. 372 60

Massive hemoptysis is the expectoration of approximately 600 ml of blood in twenty-four hours. Major causes of massive hemoptysis are tuberculosis, bronchiectasis, pulmonary neoplasm, fungus ball, bronchial adenomas, lung abscess, intrabronchial rupture of an aortic aneurysm, cystic fibrosis, pulmonary infarction, and pulmonary trauma. Other, less common causes include Goodpasture's syndrome, broncholiths, pulmonary varix, A-V malformation, and bleeding disorders. Agenesis of the pulmonary artery usually occurs in association with congenital cardiac anomalies, and isolated unilateral absence of the pulmonary artery is uncommon. About 10% of the patients with pulmonary artery agenesis develop inconsequential hemoptysis, but massive hemoptysis is a very rare complication of this anomaly. The following is a case report of a twenty-nine-year-old man with agenesis of the left pulmonary artery, who presented with massive hemoptysis requiring embolization and, eventually, pneumonectomy.
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PMID:Pulmonary artery agenesis presenting as massive hemoptysis--a case report. 381 23

Thirty-three patients (28 female and five male) from 17 to 70 years of age (mean age 48 years) underwent excision of left atrial myxomas between 1957 and 1981 at The Cleveland Clinic Foundation. Twenty-four patients presented with congestive heart failure, three with tachyarrhythmias, two with syncope, and one each with angina, peripheral embolization, hemoptysis, and recurrent pleural effusions. Symptoms were present from 1 to 72 months before operation (mean 11.2 months). Thirty-one tumors originated from the atrial septum and two from the mitral valve anulus. Twenty-nine tumors were pedunculated, and four were sessile; they weighed from 20 to 112 gm (mean 57 gm). No right atrial or ventricular tumors were identified. The myxomas were successfully removed in all patients, either by shaving them from the atrial septum (n = 17) or by excising a portion of normal atrial septum with the tumor (n = 16). One death (3.0%) occurred 8 days after operation as a result of multiple tumor emboli to the coronary circulation. Follow-up is current and complete in all cases (range 1 to 25 years, mean 6.7 years). Twenty-eight patients are in New York Heart Association Class I, and the remaining four patients are in Class II. No recurrent myxomas have been identified clinically or by echocardiography in any patient. Altogether, 24 patients have been studied by two-dimensional echocardiography up to 20 years after operation (mean 4.0 years). In this series, excellent results were obtained by simple excision of the tumor, with or without a margin of normal atrial septum. Long-term clinical and echocardiographic follow-up is recommended since late recurrence, although rare, has been reported.
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PMID:The surgical treatment of atrial myxomas. Clinical experience and late results in 33 patients. 396 14


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