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Query: UMLS:C0019079 (hemoptysis)
 6,129 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The clinical histories of all the patients with hemoptysis who underwent bronchofibroscopy (FB) during a period of 5 years (1981-1986) are revised. 25.6% (108 out of 702) of the endoscopic explorations were performed in patients without radiographic pleuropulmonary abnormalities with a definite pathology. In these patients, an early FB results in one of the diagnostic methods with greatest sensibility to diagnose subglottic bleeding. Its efficacy decreases when it is performed more than 24 hours after the bleeding apparently ceased. As a whole, the side of the bleeding was determined in 50% of cases with the localization of the segment involved in 53 occasions (29.4%). In 8 (4.4%) patients, hemoptysis was secondary to bronchial neoplasia and in 6 of them FB contributed with the diagnostic material. In 5 cases hemoptysis lasted for more than seven days. Seven patients suffering bronchial carcinoma were males over 40 years old and smokers of more than 40 years/packet. There was a 77 year old female, with a carcinoid tumor who was a non smoker. In other 3 patients (2 suffering endobronchial angiomas and one case of tracheal bronchus ) the cause of bleeding could be determined with FB. We conclude that in patients presenting hemoptysis and normal chest x ray, FB is a useful procedure to localize the origin of bleeding and in a significant percentage of cases permits the etiological diagnosis.
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PMID:[Yield of bronchofibroscopy in patients with hemoptysis and normal thorax radiography]. 239 80

Twenty-one embolizations were performed in 19 children and adolescents. Ten patients underwent emergency embolotherapy to control bleeding from trauma (5), neoplastic disease (2), mycotic aneurysm (1), post-operative bleeding (1), and hemoptysis (1). Nine patients underwent elective embolotherapy. In 5 patients with hypervascular tumors, it was performed as an adjunct to surgery or chemotherapy. In 3 patients, embolotherapy was the primary mode of treatment for vascular malformations in the lung, pelvis, and kidney. One patient with systemic-pulmonary arterial collaterals was treated for high-output congestive heart failure. Embolotherapy was successful in controlling bleeding in all cases. There were no major complications or procedure-related mortalities. Minor complications occurred in 2 patients. Our results indicate that percutaneous transcatheter embolotherapy in children and adolescents is safe and effective and has wide application in both elective and emergency management of vascular lesions in this age group.
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PMID:Elective and emergency embolotherapy in children and adolescents. Efficacy and safety. 240 45

Palliative therapy for previously irradiated patients with symptomatic recurrent endobronchial malignancy is a difficult problem. We have had the opportunity to treat 20 such patients with high dose rate (50-100 rad/min) endobronchial brachytherapy. Eligible patients had received previous high dose thoracic irradiation (TDF greater than or equal to 90), a performance status of greater than or equal to 50, and symptoms caused by a bronchoscopically defined and implantable lesion. The radiation is produced by a small cobalt-60 source (0.7 Ci) remotely afterloaded by cable control. The source is fed into a 4 mm diameter catheter which is placed with bronchoscopic guidance; it may oscillate if necessary to cover the lesion. A dose of 1,000 rad at 1 cm from the source is delivered. We have performed 22 procedures in 20 patients, four following YAG laser debulking. Most had cough, some with hemoptysis. Eight had dyspnea secondary to obstruction and three had obstructive pneumonitis. In 12, symptoms recurred with a mean time to recurrence of 4.3 months (range 1-9 months). Eighteen patients were followed-up and reexamined via bronchoscope 1-2.5 months following the procedure; two were lost to follow-up. All had at least 50 percent clearance of tumor, and six had complete clearance; most regressions were documented on film or videotape. In six, the palliation was durable. The procedure has been well tolerated with no toxicity. We conclude that palliative endobronchial high dose rate brachytherapy is a useful palliative modality in patients with recurrent endobronchial symptomatic carcinoma.
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PMID:High dose rate intraluminal irradiation in recurrent endobronchial carcinoma. 241 6

The majority of cases of bronchogenic carcinoma remain incurable, and many of these patients require palliation of the effects of the tumor on the airway. We have developed a technique for implanting radioactive (198Au) seeds via the fiberoptic bronchoscope. We now retrospectively review the results obtained in 111 procedures in 54 patients. Response was assessed by improvement in symptoms, chest roentgenogram, or bronchoscopic appearance. Nineteen of 29 (66 percent) patients with occluding endobronchial lesions benefitted. Twenty of 22 (91 percent) with hemoptysis improved. All six patients with tracheal lesions benefitted. Two of six (33 percent) patients with nonoccluding endobronchial lesions responded. Complications directly related to the procedure were rarely of major consequence, although a single patient had an exsanguinating hemoptysis four days following the last of multiple implantations. The simplicity, relative safety, and potential wide availability coupled with low equipment costs would suggest an increasing role for this technique in the palliation of endobronchial neoplasms.
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PMID:Palliation of bronchogenic carcinoma with 198Au implantation using the fiberoptic bronchoscope. 242 3

Angiosarcomas are rare tumors, and primary pulmonary location has only been reported in very few cases. In the present report a patient with severe, intractable hemoptysis, demanding pneumonectomy, was found to have a single, small angiosarcoma eroding a large bronchus. No sign of tumor-spread to other organs was detected. A review is made of previous reports of angiosarcomas of the lung, and the differential diagnoses are discussed.
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PMID:Primary angiosarcoma of the lung presenting as intractable hemoptysis. 244 Jan 30

Chemotherapy with bronchial artery infusion (BAI) was given to 34 patients with primary lung cancer. Treatment regimens usually employed cis-diammine-dichloroplatinum (CDDP) plus peplomycin for squamous cell carcinoma, and CDDP plus vindesine for adenocarcinoma. The provisional therapeutic effects were evaluated roentgenographically with reference to histological type, T factor and degree of vascularization. Out of 10 cases of squamous cell carcinoma, 7 cases (70%) showed tumor regression greater than 50%, in contrast to 4 of 17 cases (23.5%) of adenocarcinoma. The effects in cases of squamous cell carcinoma were correlated with tumor vascularity. Twenty-two surgically treated cases were examined for the histological effects of BAI. Five of 6 cases (83.3%) of squamous cell carcinoma showed IIb effects by Shimosato's criteria. These results showed that the therapeutic effect of BAI was excellent in cases of squamous cell carcinoma in comparison with cases of adenocarcinoma. Serious side effects including esophago-bronchial fistula, massive hemoptysis and esophageal ulcer were observed in 4 cases.
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PMID:[Combination chemotherapy including cisplatin in lung cancer by bronchial artery infusion]. 244 36

Thirteen adult patients underwent palliative Nd-YAG laser treatment for relief of severe dyspnea due to malignant endotracheal obstruction. Three of the 13 patients had underlying chronic airflow obstruction (CAO) due to diffuse obstructive pulmonary disease. Despite dyspnea, cough, wheezing, stridor and/or hemoptysis, the diagnosis was delayed because of a normal chest roentgenogram in eight patients and nondiagnostic pulmonary function studies (including maximal expiratory and inspiratory flow-volume loops) in all three patients with CAO and in four of ten patients without CAO. The location of the tumor was extrathoracic in two patients, including one with CAO; intrathoracic in seven patients, including two with CAO; and combined extra- and intrathoracic in four. Tracheal diameter increased from 3.5 +/- 1.0 mm before, and to 9.8 +/- 2.0 mm after single or multiple laser treatments. Increased patency of the trachea after laser surgery was associated with improvement in expiratory and/or inspiratory flow rates and with symptomatic relief in all patients which persisted for 14.1 +/- 8.7 months (range four to 48 months). These results indicate that severe symptomatic narrowing of the extra- and/or intrathoracic trachea to a diameter of 2 to 5 mm may not be detected by conventional chest radiography or even by sensitive physiologic tests, especially in patients with underlying CAO. The resultant delay in diagnosis defers possible relief of disabling symptoms with palliative therapy, including Nd-YAG laser photocoagulation.
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PMID:Diagnosis and Nd-YAG laser treatment of unsuspected malignant tracheal obstruction. 245 88

Direct current therapy (DC therapy), consisting of the application of electric current directly to the lesion, with chemotherapy using BLM was performed in 4 advanced inoperable lung cancer patients in whom chemotherapy and radiotherapy were not effective or could not be performed. Fluoroscopically two electrodes were inserted percutaneously into the tumor under local anesthesia. The distance between the two electrodes was about 3-4 cm. About 10 volts of direct current for 1 hour (totally over 40 coulombs) was passed between them using a DC treatment processor model 85 (Inter Nova Co., Ltd.), and simultaneously 15-30 mg of BLM was administered intravenously according to the general condition of the patient. The histologic type was adenocarcinoma in 3 cases and there was 1 large cell carcinoma. This treatment was performed once in 3 cases and twice in another. A reduction of tumor size was recognized in 3 cases (2 adenocarcinomas and 1 large cell carcinoma). In another adenocarcinoma case it was not measurable in size because of infiltrative shadow but histologically tumor destruction was recognized within a short period after DC therapy. The complications were mainly slight fever and light pain during the procedure. There was one small amount of hemoptysis and one pneumothorax but it was not necessary to perform special treatment for these complications. DC therapy with chemotherapy is based on our basic experimental experience that some anticancer agents accumulate around the electrodes in lung tissue when direct current is passed. In addition, current itself has cytocidal effects in some cases. Our clinical experience suggested the usefulness of this therapy to treat lung cancer lesions locally.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Direct current therapy with chemotherapy for the local control of lung cancer]. 248 18

Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the tracheobronchial tree in five patients was treated surgically and the clinicopathologic manifestations and histogenesis were examined in detail. Symptoms such as cough, dyspnea, hemoptysis, and atelectasis on chest X-ray were present in four patients, and the other patient was asymptomatic. Histologically, growth patterns were classified as tubular, cribriform, and solid. The solid pattern was the most aggressive with extensive perineural invasion. Immunohistochemically, secretory component, lactoferrin, and epithelial membrane antigen were present in the cells lining the gland-like lumen of tissues with the tubular and cribriform patterns, but was rare in those with a solid pattern. Desmin and S-100 protein were detected in the nonlining cells of tissues with all three patterns. These findings suggest that this tumor originates from the myoepithelial cells of the bronchial gland and that the solid pattern was the most poorly differentiated form.
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PMID:Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the tracheobronchial tree: clinicopathology and immunohistochemistry. 254 Dec 82

A 66-year-old woman was admitted to hospital because of a persistent cough and hemoptysis. Her chest X-ray showed a coin lesion in the S10 area of her right lung. The tumor was resected and its histologic features showed it to be a so-called carcinosarcoma of the lung.
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PMID:[A case of so-called carcinosarcoma of the lung]. 260 9


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