Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019079 (hemoptysis)
 6,129 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Percutaneous transthoracic needle biopsy is a well-established method of obtaining cytologic and histologic samples from a pulmonary nodule. Properly performed, needle biopsy is a simple and safe procedure. Pneumothorax is the most common complication, which, if symptomatic or large, is easily treated by chest tube insertion or aspiration. Minor hemorrhage and hemoptysis is the other common complication, which is rarely serious. Rare complications include air embolism and needle tract metastases. Needle biopsy has a high sensitivity and specificity for malignancy. For benign lesion, a specific diagnosis is less common, although with core needle biopsy, the yield of a specific benign diagnosis is increased.
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PMID:Fine needle aspiration of the solitary pulmonary nodule. 1223 69

Minimally invasive alternatives to surgery for the treatment of malignancy are becoming more attractive owing to improvements in technology, reduced morbidity and mortality, and the ability to provide treatment in an outpatient setting. Radio-frequency (RF) ablation has become the imaging-guided ablative method of choice because of its relatively low cost, its capability of creating large regions of coagulative necrosis in a controlled fashion, and its relatively low toxicity. RF ablation in the thorax involves the use of computed tomography (CT) to localize the tumor and determine the optimal approach. The size of the tumor determines whether a cluster of electrodes or a single electrode of a particular length will be used to perform the ablation. CT fluoroscopy aids in guiding placement of the electrode. In patients with non-small cell lung malignancy who are not candidates for surgery owing to poor cardiorespiratory reserve, RF ablation alone or followed by conventional radiation therapy with or without chemotherapy may prove to be a treatment option. In patients with metastatic disease, RF ablation may be suitable for treatment of a small tumor burden or for palliation of larger tumors that cause symptoms such as cough, hemoptysis, or pain. Patients with chest wall or osseous metastatic tumors in whom other therapies have failed may benefit from RF ablation as an alternative to radiation therapy.
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PMID:Clinical applications of radio-frequency tumor ablation in the thorax. 1237 15

The majority of patients who acquire lung cancer will have troublesome symptoms at some time during the course of their disease. Some of the symptoms are common to many types of cancers, while others are more often encountered with lung cancer than other primary sites. The most common symptoms are pain, dyspnea, and cough. This document will address the management of these symptoms, and it will also address the palliation of specific problems that are commonly seen in lung cancer: metastases to the brain, spinal cord, and bones; hemoptysis; tracheoesophageal fistula; and obstruction of the superior vena cava.
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PMID:Lung cancer. Palliative care. 1252 86

A case of thymic carcinoma with rhabdoid differentiation is presented. A 67-year-old man who presented with chest pain and hemoptysis was referred to The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center (Houston, TX). Radiologic studies revealed a large anterior mediastinal mass. After the initial biopsy and preoperative chemotherapy, a radical thymectomy revealed a stage III thymic carcinoma with a rhabdoid component. The rhabdoid component was characterized by large cells with an eccentric nucleus, prominent nucleolus, and typical paranuclear cytoplasmic inclusions. Immunohistochemical and electron microscopic studies confirmed the presence of rhabdoid cells with the paranuclear cytoplasmic inclusions staining for both pancytokeratin and vimentin. The patient was given postoperative chemotherapy and radiation. He has since developed metastases to the pelvis and is alive with disease at 20 months of follow-up. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of thymic carcinoma with rhabdoid features.
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PMID:Thymic carcinoma with rhabdoid features. 1271 36

We report on a 59-year-old male patient who suffered from dyspnea, cough and hemoptysis. Initial chest X-ray revealed a prominent right pulmonary artery (RPA) and MR imaging showed a "filling defect" within the main pulmonary trunk and RPA indicating pulmonary thromboembolic disease. Despite systemic anticoagulation, symptoms progressed. Follow-up CT showed an enlarging "filling defect" with additional extension into the left pulmonary artery as well as multiple intrapulmonary nodules. Lesion biopsy revealed a pulmonary artery angiosarcoma. Imaging findings are presented. Our case illustrates that pulmonary artery angiosarcoma should be included in the differential diagnosis of pulmonary thromboembolic disease in cases where a) symptoms do not respond to anticoagulation, b) no source of thrombi/emboli can be detected and c) pulmonary nodules/metastases develop on follow-up.
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PMID:Angiosarcoma of the pulmonary trunk mimicking pulmonary thromboembolic disease. A case report. 1451 Jul 57

A 56-year-old man presented with lower urinary tract obstructive symptoms, hemoptysis and progressive dyspnoea. Digital rectal examination showed an enlarged nodular prostate and a tru-cut biopsy confirmed carcinoma prostate. Chest x-ray showed multiple bilateral cannon ball opacities suggestive of metastases. He underwent bilateral orchidectomy and follow up assessment showed significant clearing of the cannon-ball lesions in the lungs. He remained asymptomatic at follow up that has extended to 8 years.
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PMID:Multiple bilateral cannon-ball lung metastases from carcinoma of the prostate: orchiedectomy induced remission. 1456 28

Two adolescents presented with a history of dyspnea upon exertion and cough. In both cases, the chest X-ray and pulmonary function testing, including flow-volume loop, were normal. A bronchial tumor was diagnosed by CT scan, which was ordered after each patient had an episode of hemoptysis. The sedimentation rate was the only abnormal laboratory test in both cases. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the bronchus, a rare tumor in childhood, was found at pathology in both cases. There was no evidence of metastases to local lymph nodes or distal sites. There were 47 previously reported cases in children. Recurrent pneumonia and persistent cough were the most common presenting findings. These tumors are of low-grade malignant potential but they can become locally invasive, extending into cartilage and surrounding soft tissue. Prognosis is good with complete resection.
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PMID:Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the bronchus presenting with a negative chest X-ray and normal pulmonary function in two teenagers: two case reports and review of the literature. 1533 19

Primary pulmonary artery sarcomas are uncommon and usually fatal tumours. The diagnosis of these tumours is delayed in most cases as they are mistaken for pulmonary thromboembolism. We present a fatal case of a woman referred to us five months after a primary diagnosis of pulmonary thromboembolism, due to an increase in dyspnea and presence of hemoptysis despite having undergone anticoagulant treatment. On the basis of the findings obtained by computed tomography, echocardiogram and MRI, a mass arising from the pulmonary trunk was evidenced, that suggested other diagnostic hypotheses. The worsening of patient's conditions did not allow an endovascular catheter biopsy and diagnosis was made at autopsy. The mass was a leiomyosarcoma of the pulmonary artery with thyroid metastases, which is an uncommon findings.
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PMID:Pulmonary artery leiomyosarcoma with thyroid metastases. 1514 41

Angiosarcoma involving the lung, usually a result of metastatic disease, is a rare disorder. Primary angiosarcoma of the lung is an extremely rare tumor. The lung is one of the most common sites of metastatic involvement, along with liver and lymph nodes. Hemoptysis is the most frequent presenting symptom even with diffuse pulmonary hemorrhage. Chest radiography may reveal a spectrum of findings ranging form normal to bilateral nodular lesions. Early diagnosis is not common because of the rarity of angiosarcoma in the lung and hence, low index of suspicion. The prognosis is generally poor, with a median survival of 9 months after diagnosis.
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PMID:[Metastatic pulmonary angiosarcoma]. 1519 83

A case of myofibrosarcoma (IMT) of the brain and lung as well as the spinal cord is described. A 29-year-old male patient presented with fever (40 degrees C), malaise, vomitus, meningism and leukocytosis. Computer tomography identified a bleeding in the left frontal lobe. A bleeding angioma was suspected and an operation was performed. The histological examination could not reveal an exact diagnosis. Eight months after complete recovery from the first bleeding, the patient had a second intracranial temporo-occipital bleeding on the right side which has been removed operatively. A new lesion was seen in the left parietal white matter of the brain. A growing cavernoma was suspected and resection of the lesion was planned. Pre-operatively the patient suffered from hemoptysis and fever. The X-ray of the chest showed a pulmonary lesion in the left lower lobe. In the CT of the chest a large tumor in the left lower lobe of the lung and additionally a cystic structure in the mediastinum was seen. The histological examination of this tumor identified an inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT). The left parietal lesion has been resected after the thoracic operation. The brain lesions were estimated to be metastases of the IMT of the lung. In the further clinical history the patient developed a large spinal cord metastasis of the thoracic spine. The metastatic development of the tumor reported in this case is unusual. The current therapy of these tumors consists of complete tumor resection and further clinical controls. However, due to the localization and the extension of some lesions in the present case, the complete resection has not been possible. There is no proven role of chemotherapy and radiation therapy. The patient died due to the pulmonary deterioration.
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PMID:Metastatic low-grade inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) in the central nervous system of a 29-year-old male patient. 1532 80


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