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Query: UMLS:C0019079 (hemoptysis)
 6,129 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Four months before her death of right heart failure, a 38-year-old woman with a known inoperable echinococcosis of the liver developed fever, increasing eosinophilia and pleuropneumonia. After improvement of the clinical, radiological and laboratory parameters under steroid medication, two months before her death hemoptysis and multifocal perfusion defects in the lung scintigram as a sign of pulmonary embolism occurred, for which heparin therapy was introduced. At autopsy a recurrent embolization due to echinococcus cysts with extensive displacement of the arterial pulmonary blood circulation were found.
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PMID:[Embolization of the lung in echinococcosis (author's transl)]. 41 81

The authors report on 29 cases of intrathoracic localization of extramedullary hematopoiesis. Out of them, 26 cases were confirmed by cytomorphologic examination of the aspirate specimens obtained by transtracheal biopsy of carina while in 3 cases the specimens for cytologic analysis were obtained by transthoracic fine needle aspiration of solitary shadows in the lung parenchyma. The cytomorphologic finding of the hematopoietic cells of the specimens obtained by transtracheal biopsy was unexpected in patients with an active pulmonary tuberculosis, primary bronchial carcinoma, broncho and pleuropneumonia, lung abscess, sarcoidosis, chronic bronchitis, rheumatoid arthritis as well as in patients with hemoptysis.
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PMID:[Intrathoracic extramedullary hematopoiesis]. 176 94

The authors analysed 116 hospitalized patients who, in their routine cytologic examination of the sputum, had also a cytomorphologic finding of lymphocytes. The greatest majority of these patients, 63 of them or 54.3% suffered from malignant neoplasm. Out of these 63 patients, 53 of them or 45.7% suffered from primary bronchial carcinoma, whereas 10 patients or 8.6% had non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, metastatic lung cancer of extrathoracic primary localization, Hodgkin's lymphoma, while two patients were supposed to have lung neoplasm. Our study also revealed that 14 patients (out of 116 hospitalized patients) or 12.0% suffered from broncho-pleuropneumonia, 13 or 11.2% from an active pulmonary tuberculosis, 7 or 6.0% from a chronic obstructive bronchitis, 5.1% from sarcoidosis, 3.4% from post tuberculosis pulmonary changes while 2.5% of the patients were found to have a pleural empyema. One case of bronchial asthma, tuberculous pleurisy, bronchiectasis, hamartoma, hemoptysis and a pulmonary infarction were found as well. Due to their own experience the authors conclude that the lymphocytes in the sputum were found to be the most frequent in patients suffering from primary bronchial carcinoma, broncho-pleuropneumonia and pulmonary tuberculosis but that they could also be found in many others pathologic changes of pulmonary parenchyma.
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PMID:[Lymphocytes in sputum]. 263 95

Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH) represents a syndrome that can complicate many clinical conditions and may be life-threatening, requiring prompt treatment. It is recognized by the signs of acute- or subacute-onset cough, hemoptysis, diffuse radiographic pulmonary infiltrates, anemia, and hypoxemic respiratory distress. DAH is characterized by the accumulation of intra-alveolar red blood cells originating most frequently from the alveolar capillaries. It must be distinguished from localized pulmonary hemorrhage, which is most commonly due to chronic bronchitis, bronchiectasis, tumor, or localized infection. Hemoptysis, the major sign of DAH, may develop suddenly or over a period of days to weeks; this sign may also be initially absent, in which case diagnostic suspicion is established after sequential bronchoalveolar lavage reveals worsening red blood cell counts. The causes of DAH can be divided into infectious and noninfectious, the latter of which may affect immunocompetent or immunodeficient patients. Pulmonary infections are rarely reported in association with DAH, but they should be considered in the diagnostic workup because of the obvious therapeutic implications. In immunocompromised patients, the main infectious diseases that cause DAH are cytomegalovirus, adenovirus, invasive aspergillosis, Mycoplasma, Legionella, and Strongyloides. In immunocompetent patients, the infectious diseases that most frequently cause DAH are influenza A (H1N1), dengue, leptospirosis, malaria, and Staphylococcus aureus infection. Based on a search of the PubMed and Scopus databases, we review the infectious diseases that may cause DAH in immunocompetent patients.
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PMID:Infectious diseases causing diffuse alveolar hemorrhage in immunocompetent patients: a state-of-the-art review. 2312 13

Hemoptysis, a common sign of diffuse alveolar hemorrhage, can be caused by multiple factors, both infectious and noninfectious. A 45-year-old male with hypertension, obstructive sleep apnea, and stage IV pulmonary sarcoidosis with cardiac involvement, presented with a two-month history of cough and acute nonmassive hemoptysis with hypoxia. A chest CT showed ground glass consolidation and interlobular septal thickening, concerning for diffuse alveolar hemorrhage. Flexible bronchoscopy confirmed diffuse alveolar hemorrhage; microbiological analyses of bronchoalveolar washings did not reveal a causative organism. Mycoplasma pneumoniae-specific IgM in serum studies was consistent with mycoplasma pneumonia as the most likely etiology of this patient's diffuse alveolar hemorrhage and resultant hemoptysis. This report points to the need to consider atypical mycoplasma pneumonia as a possible etiology of hemoptysis in patients with underlying sarcoidosis.
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PMID:An Atypical Case of Hemoptysis. 2716 98

Severe mycoplasma pneumonia is a rare entity with only 0.5-2% of cases having a fulminant course. We present a 74-year-old woman with hypertension, diabetes mellitus and remote history of marginal zone B-cell lymphoma admitted with abdominal pain and diarrhea of 1-2 days associated with body-aches, dyspnea, dry cough and weight loss for 2-3 weeks. On physical exam, she was febrile, tachypneic, tachycardic and hypoxic on room air. Chest examination revealed diffuse crackles and end-expiratory wheezes. Laboratory tests showed anemia, acute-on-chronic kidney injury and hyaline casts and epithelial cells in the urine analysis. Chest roentgenogram and computed tomograhphy scan showed pulmonary infiltrates. Intravenous ceftriaxone and azithromycin with bronchodilators were initiated. Her clinical course was complicated by hypoxic respiratory failure, hemoptysis, and worsening of infiltrates, requiring intubation and mechanical ventilation. Bronchoscopic bronchoalveolar lavage was consistent with diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH). The patient's serum was positive for IgM antibody to Mycoplasma pneumoniae [1134 U/mL] and Anti-I-specific IgM-cold-agglutining [1:40]. A diagnosis of severe mycoplasma infection with DAH was made. The patient was treated with an additional course of doxycycline, pulse dose steroids and plasmapharesis with good clinical response. Surgical lung biopsy showed focal acute lung injury. Bone marrow biopsy and fat pad biopsy were normal. She was liberated from mechanical ventilation and discharged. She returned within 24 hours of discharge with cardiac arrest and new onset right-bundle-branch-block. We hypothesize our patient had severe mycoplasma pneumonia with DAH and multisystem complications of the same including a possible venous thrombo-embolic episode leading to her demise.
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PMID:An interesting case of mycoplasma pneumonia associated multisystem involvement and diffuse alveolar hemorrhage. 2841 75