Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019079 (hemoptysis)
 6,129 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We conducted a 5-year (1989-1993) retrospective analysis on a series of patients screened and treated for tuberculosis in order to determine the epidemiological aspects of the disease in mid-western Madagascar. Pulmonary forms affected 97% of patients, and predominantly men (sex ratio: 1.4); 83% of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis were coughing up acido-alcoholo-resitant bacilli. Haemoptysis and general deterioration, the most frequently met pathological signs, were observed respectively in 62% and 24% of cases. This explains the high rate of hospitalisation (42%), especially for patients with difficult access to services. Significantly, in terms of socio-professional category, live-stock breeders and farmers represented 32% of notified cases, and cattle-traders 18%. We draw attention to the possible role played by Mycobacterium bovis in human case-findings in a region characterised by cattle-breeding.
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PMID:[Epidemiological aspects of tuberculosis in middle west of Madagascar]. 1177 20

We report the case of an asthmatic man in whom a solitary pulmonary nodule was discovered after an episode of self-limited hemoptysis. Infection was suspected after initial response to empirical antibiotic therapy, and the pathogen was later identified to be a rare mycobacterium. The pulmonary nodule resolved without surgery after oral quinolone therapy. Mycobacterium fortuitum should be added to the list of possible causes of solitary pulmonary nodule in Spain.
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PMID:[Solitary pulmonary nodule due to Mycobacterium fortuitum]. 1195 74

An 82-year-old female was admitted to our hospital with multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis, defined as resistance to both isoniazid and rifampicin. Chest X-ray showed massive infiltrates with a large cavitary lesions in the left lung field. No antituberculous agents were useful in improving her clinical condition and at 6th months after admission, she exhibited sudden onset of massive hemoptysis, which was successfully treated by bronchial artery embolization. After hemoptysis, her chest X-ray showed collapse of the left lung and computed tomography showed a coagula-like shadow in the left main bronchus, and sputum examination revealed no Mycobacterium tuberculosis colonies. The patient was discharged 5 months after the onset of hemoptysis.
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PMID:A case of multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis with collapse of the left lung after hemoptysis. 1203 44

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are implicated in the intracellular killing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and their expression is modulated by interleukin-4 (IL-4) in vitro. Our aim was to examine the expression of TLRs at the site of pathology in tuberculous lung granulomas and to explore the effect of the immune response on TLR expression. Immunohistochemistry was performed on lung granulomas from nine patients with tuberculosis undergoing lobectomy for haemoptysis. All nine patients expressed all of the TLRs studied (TLRs 1-5 and 9), whereas only five out of the nine patients had any granulomas positive for IL-4. Statistical analysis of TLR and cytokine staining patterns in 183 individual granulomas from the nine patients revealed significant associations between pairs of receptors and IL-4. A positive association between TLR2 and TLR4 (P < 0.0001) and a negative association between TLR2 and IL-4 (P < 0.0001) was observed. The associations between TLRs 1, 5, and 9 were significantly different in IL-4-negative compared with IL-4-positive patients. In conclusion, TLRs are expressed by various cell types in the human tuberculous lung, and their expression patterns are reflected by differences in the immune response.
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PMID:Associations between toll-like receptors and interleukin-4 in the lungs of patients with tuberculosis. 1260 Aug 29

Various types of non-tuberculous mycobacteria can be the aetiologic factors of chronic lung infections especially in patients with underlying chronic lung diseases. The aim of this study is to present the cases of pulmonary mycobacterioses observed in Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases in the years 1995-2001. There were 23 patients, 12 men and 11 women in the age between 35-77 years, mean 56 years. 16 out of 23 patients had underlying respiratory problems, mainly healed tuberculosis (7) and COPD (6). Two additional patients suffered from other diseases with potential immunosuppression (leukopenia). In 5 patients no disease other than mycobacteriosis was found, but they were chronic smokers. In 19 cases cough and expectoration of purulent sputum lasting from several months to several years was observed. In 5 patients onset of disease was acute or subacute with high fever. Eight patients had haemoptysis. In chest X-ray pathological lesions including (18 cases) lung cirrhosis (10) and cavities (15) were found. In 4 cases disseminated bronchiectases with small nodules were the main radiologic feature. Mycobacteriosis was caused by M. kansasii in 11 cases, by M. intracellularae in 6, by M. xenopi in 5 and by M. scrofulaceum in 1 case.
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PMID:[Pulmonary mycobacterioses--frequency of occurrence, clinical spectrum and predisposing factors]. 1288 64

The diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis is often delayed due to atypical clinical features and difficulty in obtaining positive bacteriology. We reviewed 232 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis diagnosed in Kedah Medical Centre, Alor Setar from January 1998 to December 2002. All age groups were affected with a male predominance (Male:Female ratio = 60:40). Risk factors include underlying diabetes mellitus (17.7%), positive family history (16.8%) and previous tuberculosis (5.2%). Nearly half (45.3%) of patients had symptoms for more than one year. Only 22% of patients had typical symptoms of tuberculosis (prolonged recurrent fever, cough, anorexia and weight loss), whilst others presented with haemoptysis, chronic cough, COPD, bronchiectasis, general ill-health, pyrexia of unknown origin or pleural effusion without other systemic symptoms. Fifteen percent of the patients presented with extrapulmonary diagnosis. Ninety percent of the patients had previous medical consultations but 40% had no chest radiograph or sputum examination done. The chest radiographs showed 'typical' changes of tuberculosis in 62% while in the other 38% the radiological features were 'not typical'. Sputum direct smear was positive for acid-fast bacilli in only 22.8% of patients and 11.2% were diagnosed base on positive sputum culture. Sputum may be negative even in patients with typical clinical presentations and chest radiograph changes. Bronchial washing improved the diagnosis rate being positive in 49.1% of cases (24.1% by direct smear and the other 25.0% by culture). In 16.8% of cases, the diagnosis was based on a good response to empirical anti-tuberculosis therapy in patients with clinical and radiological features characteristic of tuberculosis. In conclusions, the clinical and radiological manifestations of pulmonary tuberculosis may be atypical. Sputum is often negative and bronchoscopy with washings for Mycobacterium culture gives a higher yield for diagnosis. In highly probable cases, empirical therapy with antituberculosis drugs should be considered because it is safe and beneficial.
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PMID:Pulmonary tuberculosis--a review of clinical features and diagnosis in 232 cases. 1553 27

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the oldest known diseases and has claimed more lives than any other Today, about one-third of the world's population is infected with TB. In 2003, 1,379 cases of new, active and relapsed TB were reported in Canada. TB is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Only 10 per cent of infected individuals will develop active TB. Pulmonary TB can be spread by an infectious person through the aerosolization of droplets when coughing, talking, spitting, sneezing or singing. Symptoms of pulmonary TB are a cough with or without sputum production lasting at least three weeks, chest pain, hemoptysis, fever, night sweats, weight loss, lack of appetite, chills and weakness. Extrapulmonary TB is generally not associated with person-to-person spread. Common sites include the throat, lymph nodes, abdomen, intestines, long bones of the legs, spine, kidneys, bladder, skin, eyes and meninges. The risk factors for TB infection and disease include close contact with an active pulmonary TB case, HIV infection or AIDS, inactive disease not adequately treated, low income, underlying medical condition, homelessness, alcoholism, injection drug use, aboriginal background or occupation in health care. Risk settings include travel or residence in an endemic area or work or residence in a correctional facility, shelter, rooming house, residential facility, hospital or long-term care facility. Nurses need to advocate for the prompt diagnosis and isolation of suspected and confirmed TB cases. Knowing when to institute such measures as isolation in a negative pressure room, using respirator masks and limiting interpersonal contacts is vital to the nursing care of TB patients. In addition, the role of the public health department needs to be understood; for example, all jurisdictions have legislated requirements for reporting new positive TB skin tests to public health.
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PMID:Tuberculosis prevention and treatment. 1562 10

While typical pulmonary infections can be cured with antimicrobial agents, three types require surgical lung resection: those in immunocompromised patients; those with acquired resistance to medication; and those caused by microorganisms against which there are no effective drugs. We discuss these three types from the viewpoint of physicians. With the development of chemotherapy for malignant disease, patients with leukemia can be cured with bone marrow transplantation. During the leukopenia accompanying chemotherapy, Aspergillus sp. can infect the lungs. Aspergillus infections are resistant to antimicrobial agents, and thus surgical resection is necessary. Aspergillus infections may occur in previous sites of pulmonary tuberculosis lesions after the tuberculosis is cured producing massive hemoptysis. In this case, surgical resection is also needed. When patients who are immunocompromised due to various underlying diseases become infected with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, they require surgical resection. Finally, when lesions of nontubercular mycobacterial infection are found, these patients also require surgical lung resection.
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PMID:[Pulmonary infection in immunocompromised hosts]. 1565 72

Tuberculosis (TB) is often mistaken for community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). To avoid missing the diagnosis, we recommend that any CAP patient with upper lobe infiltrate, cavitation, miliary pattern, hemoptysis or >1 month of any of cough, fever, malaise,weakness, night sweats, or significant weight loss, should have sputa submitted for Mycobacterium tuberculosis smear and culture. Any CAP patient failing or relapsing after empiric therapy should be investigated for TB. In the presence of HIV with low CD4 count (< or = 200 cells/mL), the presentation may be atypical, and therefore sputa should be submitted for M tuberculosis. Any HIV patient, regardless of CD4 count, with a known history of positive tuberculin skin test, previous TB, or recent exposure to TB, who presents with CAP, should be investigated for TB.
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PMID:Tuberculosis: still overlooked as a cause of community-acquired pneumonia--how not to miss it. 1576 19

The authors describe the case of survival for the period of 10 years after brain metastasis surgery and removal of the left lung upper lobe due to adeno-squamous cells carcinoma. Surgery did not generate any complications. Within 8 years after the surgery the radiological examination showed infiltrations resembling changes typical for tuberculosis. Microbiological analysis showed a culture of Mycobacterium kansasi leading to diagnosis of mycobacteriosis. Hence the antituberculous treatment was extended to 12 months to be interrupted due to liver damage. Two years later the patient experienced incident of haemoptysis. Detailed examination and assessment of the respiratory tract condition revealed COPD without features of renewal of the neoplastic process or infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis or mycobacterium other than tuberculosis. This case demonstrates that aggressive surgical approaches to lung cancer with solitary cerebral metastasis significantly improve patient survival and justifies its widespread use.
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PMID:[10 years survival of patient with lung cancer and cerebral metastasis]. 1602


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