Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019079 (hemoptysis)
 6,129 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 51-year-old female was admitted to our hospital due to hemoptysis. Chest radiography revealed infiltrations in the middle lobe. Computed tomography (CT) of the thorax showed clusters of small nodules associated with a small cavity in the middle lobe, ligula and lower lobe of the right lung. Bronchiectasis was not detected. Transbronchial lung biopsy specimen (B4a) showed epithelioid cell granulomas with giant cells, and Mycobacterium avium was isolated in 4-week cultures of bronchial washings. This could be a case of early phase of pulmonary Mycobacterium avium complex infection in a patient without a so-called underlying condition. CT findings were characteristic and useful for the early diagnosis of MAC infection.
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PMID:[A case of Mycobacterium avium complex pulmonary disease in the early phase]. 811 76

A case of a 50-year male patient is presented. A cause of hemoptysis lasting for several months could not be identified in this patient. Chest X-ray and laboratory tests were normal. Temporarily atypical tubercle (Mycobacterium scrofulaceum) were seen in sputum, making proper diagnosis difficult. Further follow-up suggested cancer of the left lung. The diagnosis was ultimately confirmed intraoperatively. Histologically exceptionally malignant cancer--mucoepidermoid carcinoma--was diagnosed.
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PMID:[Diagnostic difficulty in a case of mucoepidermoid bronchial carcinoma]. 841 66

Fifty-eight consecutive patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia were studied prospectively during a three-year period. The group included 44 men and 14 women (mean age: 45.0 +/- 15.7 years). The cause of pneumonia was diagnosed in 35 (60.3 percent) cases, and the most common pathogens were Streptococcus pneumoniae (37.1 percent), Legionella pneumophila (22.8 percent) and Gram-negative bacilli (11.4 percent). The fact that Mycobacterium tuberculosis was present in four (11.4 percent) patients and Pneumocystis carinii in three (8.5 percent) is worthy of note. The overall death rate was 22.4 percent. More than 50 percent of deaths occurred within the first five days and were caused by septic shock, hemoptysis (tuberculosis) or hypoxia. However, hypoxia remains the main fatal complication and all late-occurring deaths (> 5 days) observed were due to this cause. These data could be important in planning strategies and protocols to improve prognosis.
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PMID:A three-year study of severe community-acquired pneumonia with emphasis on outcome. 841 85

In suspected pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), tracheobronchial examination is required for patients with clinical and radiographic features consistent with tuberculosis disease but with negative sputum for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We report the endoscopic findings of 84 patients who underwent fibreoptic bronchoscopy in recent years, and whose cultures of biological specimens grew M tuberculosis. Cough (86%) and fever (69%) were the most common symptoms, followed by sputum (67%), dyspnoea (30%) and haemoptysis (27%). Chest radiographic abnormalities were mostly localized (60%) with prevalence in the upper lobes; in two cases chest radiography was normal. Sixty two patients (74%) showed endoscopic abnormalities: 1) mucosal inflammation; 2) submucosal granulomas and polyps; and 3) stenoses. They were localized in 58% of patients and diffuse in 42%. Five patients were checked several times during the year following the diagnosis because of a high degree of tracheobronchial involvement. Only one subject recovered, whilst in the other four stenotic sequelae were found. Fibreoptic bronchoscopy confirmed its usefulness in the diagnosis of tuberculosis and in monitoring the course and the outcome of the bronchial tuberculosis involvement.
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PMID:Tracheobronchial involvement in 84 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis. 854 17

Activation of endothelial cells occurs in response to numerous physiological stimuli and results in the concerted expression of endothelial cell proteins that change the nonthrombogenic intimal surface of a vessel into a thrombogenic surface, with the subsequent development of local thrombosis. For example, both type 1 plasminogen activator inhibitor and tissue factor expression are mediated by endothelial cell stimulation in vitro; however, in contrast to type 1 plasminogen activator inhibitor, it has been difficult to detect tissue factor associated with endothelial cells in vivo. This case study describes the presence of both type 1 plasminogen activator inhibitor and tissue factor antigen associated with pulmonary arterial endothelial cells of a patient exhibiting a mycobacterial infection. The disease was associated with chronic hemoptysis and characterized by extensive tissue destruction and local thrombosis within the pulmonary artery. The data show that conditions occur in vivo in which local thrombosis is associated with increased levels of type 1 plasminogen activator inhibitor and tissue factor.
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PMID:Prothrombotic activation of pulmonary arterial endothelial cells in a patient with tuberculosis. 861 88

A 40 year old diabetic man with pulmonary actinomycosis was admitted to hospital with recurrent haemoptysis. The chest radiograph showed an air meniscus in the left upper lobe, a rare presentation of pulmonary actinomycosis. Bronchoscopic examination revealed a mass in a cavity which has never been reported previously. He underwent lobectomy and the surgical specimen revealed sulphur granules, the typical pathological finding of actinomycosis, without evidence of fungal or mycobacterial infection.
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PMID:Pulmonary actinomycosis appearing as a "ball-in-hole" on chest radiography and bronchoscopy. 895 7

More patients with cystic fibrosis are surviving into adulthood. Primary care physicians need a basic understanding of adult cystic fibrosis and the evaluation of patients with acute decompensation. Respiratory decompensation is usually the result of infective agents, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Stentrophomonas maltophilia and Burkholderia cepacia, and requires treatment with intravenous antibiotics. If symptoms worsen, the possibility of another complication, such as pneumothorax, hemoptysis, mycobacterial infection and allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, must be considered. Family physicians can play an important role in the birth to adult care of patients with cystic fibrosis.
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PMID:Treatment of cystic fibrosis in adults. 881 73

An immunosuppressed patient with scleroderma presented with hemoptysis due to bronchial artery aneurysms associated with Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex (MAC).
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PMID:Bronchial artery aneurysms in association with Mycobacterium avium intracellulare complex. 882 26

We identified 31 patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and lung abscess. All patients had advanced HIV disease, and the mean CD4 cell count was 17/mm3 (range, 2-50/mm3). Twenty-two patients (71%) had previous opportunistic infections, and 24 (77%) had previous pulmonary infections. Symptoms at the time of presentation included fever (90% of patients), cough (87%), dyspnea (35%), pleuritic chest pain (26%), and hemoptysis (10%). The microbiological etiology was established for 28 patients, and the pathogens recovered were bacteria (65%), Pneumocystis carinii (6%), fungi (3%), and mixed microorganisms (16%). The pathogens included Pseudomonas aeruginosa (11), Streptococcus pneumoniae (6), P. carinii (5), Klebsiella pneumoniae (5), Staphylococcus aureus (4), Aspergillus species (3), viridans streptococcus (2), Haemophilus influenzae (1), Streptococcus milleri (1), Proteus mirabilis (1), and Cryptococcus neoformans (1). Mycobacterium tuberculosis was not isolated; two patients for whom a microbiological etiology was not established responded to antituberculous therapy. Patients were treated for 2-12 weeks; 25% of the patients received > 4 weeks of therapy. The outcome was poor: 36% of the patients had recurrences, and 19% died. In patients with AIDS, lung abscess is associated with advanced HIV infection, is due to a broad spectrum of pathogens, responds poorly to antibiotics, and has a poor prognosis.
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PMID:Lung abscess in patients with AIDS. 882 70

The surgical management of patients with nontuberculous Mycobacteriosis caused by Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) was studied regarding the following cases: (1) We investigated whether there had been an appropriate time for surgical management of patients with MAC who had not responded to medication and who died after their conditions became worse retrospectively. During the past 10 years, 49 patients diagnosed with MAC died at the Toneyama national hospital. 26 patients of them died of respiratory failure, apparently due to the worsening of MAC. Excluding 2 patients who were extremely elderly, we investigated whether surgical management could have been applied in the remaining 24 patients. We found that surgical management would have been possible in only one patient, and that at the time of diagnosis of MAC in 23 patients, surgical management was already not possible. (2) There are patients with MAC who do not respond to medication and who continue to excrete bacilli, chest X-ray findings gradually become worse for several years. In 1989 we retrospectively studied chest X-ray findings from MAC patients and found that 36 out of 103 patients (35%) showed worsening chest X-ray findings. The strains were identified in 44 of the 103 patients by the DNA probes method. However, of 37 patients with M.avium (41%), 15 had worsening of chest X-ray findings, while none out of 7 patients with M. intracellulare had worsening of chest X-ray findings. We then observed the clinical course of 37 patients who showed continuous excretion of bacilli and whose serotypes had been identified (20 with serovars 4, 1 with serovars 6, 6 with serovars 8, 2 with serovars 12, 4 with serovars 14 and 5 with serovars 16) by using the fast-atom bombardment mass spectrometry (FAB/MS). Chest X-ray findings later worsened in 14 (70%) of 20 patients with serovars 4. Nine of these patients have since died; excluding one patient who had liver cancer, eight died of respiratory failure due to worsening of MAC. In 17 patients with serotypes except serovars 4, 4 (24%) patients had worsening of chest X-ray findings, but none of the 5 deaths in this group were due to respiratory failure owing to worsening of MAC. These results suggest that it is difficult to establish the indication of surgical management in MAC patients, except for patients with repeated hemoptysis at present. The prognosis and surgical management of pulmonary disease caused by M. avium complex should be considered.
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PMID:[The indication of surgical management in patients with pulmonary disease caused by Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex]. 903 17


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