Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019079 (hemoptysis)
 6,129 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The clinical records of 7 patients referred to the National Jewish Hospital and Research Center over a 6-year period for evaluation of an abnormal chest x-ray and repeated sputum isolates of rapidly growing mycobacteria (Runyon's Group IV) were reviewed to determine the potential pathogenicity of these organisms. Mycobacterium fortuitum was isolated from 5 patients and Mycobacterium chelonei from 2. Haemoptysis, cough and weight loss were prominent in 6. Three had rheumatoid arthritis. Although two demonstrated cutaneous anergy, lymphocyte responsiveness to PHA was normal. PPD-F was not useful in skin testing or in the in vitro evaluation of lymphocyte function. Histologic examination of the lungs of 2 patients demonstrated caseating granulomata. One patient died of massive pulmonary haemorrhage soon after intiation of therapy. Multi-drug treatment regimens generally resulted in progressive sterilization of the sutum and improvement in the appearance of the chest x-ray. We conclude that some rapidly growing mycobacteria can cause potentially fatal cavitary lung disease and that intensive anti-tuberculosis therapy may successfully alter its course.
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PMID:The pathogenicity of Mycobacterium fortuitum and Mycobacterium chelonei in man: a report of seven cases. 94

An adult, female sulfur-crested cockatoo (Kakatoe sp) was examined because of dyspnea associated with hemoptysis. On radiographic examination there was a large cystic pulmonary mass that, on aspiration, was found to contain thick sanguineous fluid. Ziehl-Neelsen staining of aspirate smears revealed numerous acid-fast organisms. Gross necropsy and microscopic findings suggested a diagnosis of tuberculosis, with primary focus of infection in the pulmonary tissues. Bacteriologic isolation and typing confirmed a diagnosis of tuberculosis and established Mycobacterium avium as the etiologic agent.
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PMID:Pulmonary tuberculosis in a sulfur-crested cockatoo. 97 61

A mycobacterial DNA probe (designated X) was recently developed to help identify Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) isolates that are nonreactive with probes specific for M. avium or Mycobacterium intracellulare. The prevalence of X probe-positive mycobacteria in clinical specimens and their role in causing disease is unknown. Using a DNA probe kit that includes the X probe, we characterized 100 consecutive clinical MAC isolates as M. avium, M. intracellulare, or X. Lysates from 81 of the isolates reacted with the M. avium probe, 13 with the M. intracellulare probe, 3 with the X probe, and 3 failed to hybridize with any of the probes. All three X-positive isolates were recovered from sputa of patients who were recent immigrants to the United States and who presented with hemoptysis. One isolate was from a Hispanic man infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and the other 2 were from Filipino patients with no HIV-1 risk factors. This study also showed a higher than expected number of M. intracellulare isolates from blood and cerebrospinal fluid of HIV-1-infected patients.
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PMID:Use of DNA probes to detect Mycobacterium intracellulare and "X" mycobacteria among clinical isolates of Mycobacterium avium complex. 160 95

Most physicians fail to recognize Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare (MAI) as a major pathogen for pulmonary disease among patients admitted to hospitals throughout the United States. In a review of all records of positive MAI cultures during the 10 years beginning July 1, 1979, at The Mount Sinai Hospital, New York City, we have identified 244 patients who had pulmonary disease primarily or secondarily complicated by MAI. We also identified another 243 patients as false positive for MAI infection. We classed as false positives patients who had no subsequent positive culture and whose clinical picture was and remained incompatible with MAI infection. We identified four distinct clinical patterns in the 244 patients with true positive MAI infections: (a) pulmonary nodules ("tuberculomas") indistinguishable from pulmonary neoplasms (78 patients); (b) chronic bronchitis or bronchiectasis with sputum repeatedly positive for MAI or granulomas on biopsy (58 patients, virtually all older white women); (c) cavitary lung disease and scattered pulmonary nodules mimicking M. tuberculosis infection (12 patients); (d) diffuse pulmonary infiltrations in immunocompromised hosts, primarily patients with AIDS (96 patients). The diagnosis should be established either by surgical resection and culture of resected nodules, or by three repeated positive acid-fast bacillus cultures of sputum or fluid and tissue obtained by bronchoscopy, or by biopsy of other tissue which shows granulomas and one or more positive MAI cultures. Surgical resection is the best treatment for "solitary" MAI nodules. Multiple antituberculous drug therapy is indicated for patients with chronic infection that impairs function or causes hemoptysis. The presence of MAI in the sputum or lung aspirates of patients with AIDS usually heralds the presence of a preterminal disseminated infection.
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PMID:Pulmonary infection with Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare: diagnosis, clinical patterns, treatment. 224 97

Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) continues to pose a health threat to the elderly population. In order to delineate age-related differences in disease presentation a comparison between young and old male veterans hospitalized over a five-year period with culture proven Mycobacterium tuberculosis is reported. The study sample included 27 patients 60 years of age and older (range, 60 to 85; mean, 70) and 52 patients under 60 years of age (range, 22 to 59; mean, 51). The elderly were significantly less likely to demonstrate cavitary lesions on admission radiographs or present with hemoptysis but were more likely to present with right lower lobe infiltrates and complaints of dyspnea. Symptoms prior to admission occurring with equal frequency in both young and old subjects included fever, anorexia, weight loss, and cough. Although treatment was delayed in the elderly, there were no age-related differences in mortality. Skin testing was underutilized in all patients regardless of age. The results support the notion that the clinical presentation of pulmonary TB is remarkably similar in young and old males.
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PMID:Clinical features of pulmonary tuberculosis in young and old veterans. 357 3

During a 10 year period 49 patients were recorded as having pulmonary infection caused by opportunist mycobacteria. Six different species were identified of which M. kansasii (65%) and M. avium-intracellulare (20%) were the most common. Cough and sputum (82%) or haemoptysis (26%) were frequent symptoms on presentation and over two thirds of patients had pre-existing respiratory disease. Chest radiographs showed predominantly apical disease with the right apex (44%) being twice as commonly affected as the left (22%). In 30% the radiograph showed bilateral disease. Clinicians had an individual approach to treatment with no uniform pattern of drug prescribing. A majority of patients (59%) received rifampicin for at least 9 months and those patients with M. kansasii infection responded well with no bacteriological relapses in 20 patients followed for a mean period of 3.9 years. M. avium-intracellulare, M. malmoense and M. xenopi were less responsive to treatment and in four patients receiving chemotherapy death was attributed to mycobacterial infection.
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PMID:Pulmonary infection with opportunist mycobacteria on Merseyside 1974-1983. 376 44

We reviewed the charts of 48 consecutive patients who had fiberoptic bronchoscopy performed in the evaluation of hemoptysis with a normal chest roentgenogram. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy provided a diagnosis other than endobronchial inflammation in only four patients--benign fibromuscular polyp in one patient, Mycobacterium tuberculosis in 1 patient, and carcinoma in two others. A literature review revealed an overall 3 percent incidence of bronchogenic carcinoma in patients with hemoptysis and normal findings on chest roentgenogram. Other than abnormal findings on chest roentgenogram, risk factors for carcinoma in patients with hemoptysis include: (1) age greater than 40; (2) significant smoking history; and (3) duration of hemoptysis for longer than one week. We concluded that in patients with hemoptysis and normal chest x-ray film findings, routine fiberoptic bronchoscopy may not always be indicated to rule out malignancy.
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PMID:Role of fiberoptic bronchoscopy in patients with hemoptysis and a normal chest roentgenogram. 396 21

Disseminated mycobacterial disease due to Mycobacterium szulgai occurred in a previously healthy young man. The clinical picture included fever, mediastinal and generalized lymphadenopathy, hemoptysis, and skin lesions but was dominated by progressive multifocal osteomyelitis. Immunological studies revealed a decrease in T-lymphocyte reaction to mitogens, but this was tested late in the course of the disease and may have been secondary. In spite of repeated surgical drainage and treatment with multiple antituberculous drugs for a period of two years, new lesions continue to appear mainly in the bones. Mycobacterium szulgai was isolated from 28 bone specimens, as well as from skin lesions and sputum. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of disseminated disease due to this organism.
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PMID:Disseminated mycobacterial disease caused by Mycobacterium szulgai. 647 9

A 62-year-old man presented with haemoptysis and radiographic features compatible with pulmonary tuberculosis. His course was complicated by severe haemoptysis that required surgical lobectomy. Mycobacterium xenopi was cultured from sputum and lung tissue. The post-operative course was complicated by gastro-intestinal haemorrhage and the patient died.
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PMID:Massive haemoptysis caused by Mycobacterium xenopi. 648 16

We describe 19 cases of pulmonary disease due to Mycobacterium xenopi, a nosocomial infection related to the hospital water system. Pre-existing lung disease and prolonged environmental exposure during previous hospitalizations were apparent predisposing factors. Twelve patients had respiratory symptoms, including three with hemoptysis, at the time an abnormal chest roentgenogram was obtained. The predominant radiographic presentation of lung diseases caused by M. xenopi was a nodular or mass shadow, but cavitary disease and multiple nodular densities were also frequently observed. One subject had a solitary pulmonary nodule, and surgical resection was performed. In 12 patients who were skin tested with both M. xenopi sensitin and PPD-tuberculin, induration was consistently greater with M. xenopi. Initial isolates of M. xenopi were uniformly sensitive in vitro to 2.0 microgram of streptomycin, 1.0 microgram of isoniazid, and 10.0 microgram of para-aminosalicylic acid. In general, disease due to M. xenopi was successfully treated with standard antituberculosis drugs.
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PMID:Clinical and roentgenographic features of nosocomial pulmonary disease due to Mycobacterium xenopi. 745 72


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