Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019079 (hemoptysis)
 6,129 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage results from accumulation of red blood cells in the alveolar space originating from alveolar capillaries. Alveolar hemorrhage in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus is rare but catastrophic and can rapidly progress to respiratory failure. We report a 22-year old lady who presented with dyspnoea on exertion, hemoptysis, bilateral leg swelling and oliguria. Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage was confirmed by bronchoalveolar lavage fluid analysis. Serologic tests and renal biopsy confirmed lupus nephritis. She was treated with systemic immunosuppressive therapy and plasma exchange, to which she had a favourable response. Lupus presenting as alveolar hemorrhage is rare which warrants prompt diagnosis and treatment to prevent complications. Keywords: Bronchoalveolar lavage; Case report; Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage; Systemic lupus erythematosus.
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PMID:Diffuse Alveolar Haemorrhage as Initial Presentation of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Case Report. 3106 46

It is uncommon for Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) to present with diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH) as the initial presentation. To diagnose this in a young male with no renal involvement is further uncommon. We report a case of a 16-year-old boy, who presented with hemoptysis and was eventually diagnosed as DAH with underlying SLE. Treatment with steroids and immunosuppressant helped in rapid recovery from this potentially life-threatening condition. This case highlights the need of defining diagnostic criteria for SLE in patients presenting as DAH and formulating guidelines for treatment of the same, especially in absence of co-existing lupus nephritis.
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PMID:An uncommon cause of diffuse alveolar hemorrhage in a young male. 3117 Jul 77

Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH) is a clinical syndrome with major clinical manifestations of hemoptysis, anemia, and diffuse infiltration in the lung. DAH has a high mortality rate in the acute stage and is a life-threatening emergency in clinical practice. Compared with adult DHA, childhood DHA tends to have a specific spectrum of underlying diseases. It has long been believed that idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis (IPH) is the main cause of childhood DAH; however, with the increase in reports of childhood DAH cases, the etiology spectrum of childhood DAH is expanding. The treatment and prognosis of DAH with different etiologies are different. This review article gives a general outline of childhood DAH, with focuses on DAH caused by IPH, systemic lupus erythematosus, anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-related vasculitis, COPA syndrome, or IgA vasculitis.
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PMID:[Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage in children]. 3150 59

Endocarditis is most frequently infective in origin, and thus, when a patient presents with a clinical picture suggestive of endocarditis, an extensive work up aimed at finding the infectious agent is warranted. Among systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients, cardiovascular disease is prevalent in more than 50% of patients including valvular disease and non-infective endocarditis, known as Libman-Sacks (LS) endocarditis. The prevalence of LS syndrome among SLE patients with secondary antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is higher than in SLE without APS. Here, we present a case of a patient diagnosed with primary APS who presented with hemoptysis and a cardiac murmur. The diagnosis of SLE was established following the findings of non-infective verrucous vegetations together with diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH). Treatment with high-dose corticosteroids and intravenous immunoglobulins yielded substantial resolution of the vegetations and regression of the DAH. Hence, aortic valve replacement was successfully performed as an elective procedure and without any postoperative complications. The patient is in remission after a 6-month follow-up. The clinical findings of DAH and double valve non-infectious endocarditis prompted the diagnosis of SLE with secondary APS.
Lupus 2019 Dec
PMID:Hemoptysis and a cardiac murmur: is it primary or secondary antiphospholipid syndrome? 3171 83

Rheumatic pneumonia is a pulmonary complication of rheumatic fever, often with grave outcomes. It has been described sporadically in literature, most recently a decade ago. Here, we describe a case of a 12-year-old Native American girl presenting with chest pain, gastrointestinal complaints, and frequent nosebleeds. After the initial diagnosis with acute pericarditis, she was found to meet diagnostic criteria for rheumatic fever. Revised Jones criteria met included significantly elevated streptolysin O antibody and anti-DNase B, carditis, arthralgia, fever, and elevated inflammatory markers. Findings complicating the diagnosis were an elevated antinuclear antigen with a family history of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), hemoptysis, and a chest CT finding of right lower lobe alveolar hemorrhage as well as right-sided mediastinal adenopathy. The patient was discharged on day nine of admission after a course of high-dose methylprednisolone with prednisone taper, furosemide, enalapril, naproxen, monthly penicillin G injections, and multidisciplinary outpatient follow-up. A repeat chest CT scan three months later showed significant improvement. The pulmonary findings described in our patient are consistent with prior reports of rheumatic pneumonia, however, most prior cases described did not include high-resolution imaging. Our patient recovered well aside from complications secondary to mitral regurgitation, unlike many patients seen in our literature search who died due to early or later complications of pulmonary disease. Although acute rheumatic fever, and its pulmonary complications, is significantly less common than it once was, it remains a disease entity that should remain on the differential for multisystem rheumatic complaints.
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PMID:Pulmonary Involvement in Acute Rheumatic Fever: A Case Report and Literature Review. 3231 36

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has created new challenges that necessitate prompt responses in unexpected clinical situations. Multiple extrapulmonary manifestations and complications of COVID-19 have already been described, but only scattered data are present on immunologic manifestations. We present a case of severe refractory thrombocytopenia in a 51-year-old woman with a history of long-standing systemic lupus erythematosus and antiphospholipid syndrome who presented with hemoptysis in the setting of COVID-19 infection. The patient failed to respond to initial treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin, high-dose steroids, and platelet transfusion, but responded to eltrombopag, with prompt improvement of a platelet count. The current case report provides clinical data of relevance to the largely unexplored question of the immunologic complications of COVID-19 in patients with a pre-existing inflammatory state.
Lupus 2020 Oct
PMID:Severe refractory thrombocytopenia in a woman positive for coronavirus disease 2019 with lupus and antiphospholipid syndrome. 3264 Sep 36


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