Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019079 (hemoptysis)
 6,129 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The significance of severe pulmonary intra-alveolar hemosiderosis in sudden infant death is controversial in forensic pathology. We report a previously healthy 9-month-old female infant who died suddenly and unexpectedly after being placed and then found prone in her crib. Her gestation and delivery were uncomplicated, and she had no history of anemia, hemoptysis, chest trauma, or chronic lung disease. Autopsy revealed diffuse severe pulmonary congestion and severe multifocal intra-alvedar hemorrhage. Metabolic and toxicological screening, microbiologic cultures, and vitreous chemistry were noncontributory. A diagnosis of SIDS had been made by the medical examiner. Subsequent semiquantitative assessment of the severity of pulmonary intra-alveolar hemosiderosis prompted consideration of other disorders, including a heretofore undescribed lethal infantile variant of idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis, but none could be confirmed. Therefore, we assigned a study diagnosis of unclassified sudden infant death. We recommend that a diagnosis of SIDS not be made in cases with unexplained large numbers of intra-alveolar PS. We also recommend that quantitative assessment of lung sections stained for iron be undertaken in cases with numerous intra-alveolar macrophages in order to accumulate data that might allow diagnostic correlations with the circumstances of death and autopsy findings.
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PMID:Unclassified sudden infant death associated with pulmonary intra-alveolar hemosiderosis and hemorrhage. 1796 71

Systemic arterial supply from the descending thoracic aorta to the basal segment of the left lower lobe without a pulmonary arterial supply is a rare congenital anomaly within the spectrum of the sequestration lung disease. We report a case of a young man with anomalous systemic arterial supply to a normal left lower lobe referred to our department because of recurrent haemoptysis who underwent a successful left lower lobectomy.
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PMID:Anomalous systemic arterial supply to the left lung base without sequestration. 1808 55

Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (BOOP) is a nonneoplastic, noninfectious lung disease with a diverse spectrum of imaging abnormalities and nonspecific symptoms diagnosed by open lung biopsy, transbronchial biopsy, and/or video-assisted thoracoscopy. The objective of this study was to retrospectively assess the role of percutaneous computed tomography (CT)-guided biopsy in early diagnosis of the disorder. Fourteen BOOP cases diagnosed by CT-guided biopsy were analyzed in terms of imaging abnormalities and complication rate. All had previously undergone a nondiagnostic procedure (bronchoscopy, transbronchial biopsy, bronchoalveolar lavage) to exclude infection or lung cancer. The most common imaging abnormalities in descending order were bilateral consolidations (5/14), unilateral tumor-like lesions (5/14), unilateral consolidations (3/14), and diffuse reticular pattern (1/14). Coexistent abnormalities (pleural effusions, nodules, ground-glass opacities) were observed in five patients. The complication rate was 4 of 14 (28.6%), including 2 cases of subclinical pneumothorax and 1 case of minor hemoptysis and local lung injury. None required intervention. We conclude that transthoracic CT-guided biopsy may be used in the diagnosis of BOOP in selected patients with mild complications. For the focal consolidation nodule/mass imaging pattern, CT-guided biopsy may prove to be a reasonable alternative to more invasive procedures.
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PMID:Feasibility of CT-guided percutaneous needle biopsy in early diagnosis of BOOP. 1823 6

Although the treatment of pulmonary diseases due to nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) requires the long-term use of antibiotics in combination, the treatment success rates are unsatisfactory. We evaluated the clinical characteristics and surgical outcomes of 23 patients with NTM lung diseases who had underwent pulmonary resection. The median age of the patients was 45 yr. Of the 23 patients, 10 had Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex infection, 12 had M. abscessus infection, and one had M. xenopi infection. The indications for surgery were antibiotic therapy failure (n=11), remnant cavitary lesion with high probability of relapse (n=8), and massive hemoptysis (n=4). The most common procedure was lobectomy (48%). Postoperative complications occurred in eight patients (35%), including postoperative pneumonia (n=3) and late bronchopleural fistula (n=2). Negative sputum culture conversion was achieved and maintained in all except two mortalities. Although it is associated with a relatively high complication rate, patients with NTM lung disease whose disease is localized to one lung and who can tolerate resectional surgery might be considered for surgery, if there has been poor response to drug therapy or if the patients develop significant disease-related complications such as hemoptysis.
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PMID:Surgical treatment of pulmonary diseases due to nontuberculous mycobacteria. 1858 73

Pulmonary sequestration and congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation are infrequent congenital lung disease and the combination of these two entities is rare. Here a case of left pulmonary sequestration with congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation in an asymptomatic elderly woman who presented with recent massive haemoptysis is reported. Fine needle aspiration cytology showed hypercellularity with micro-acinar pattern and mild pleomorphism. Computerised tomography scan depicted a round mass with rim of peripheral enhancement at left lower lobe of the lung. Intra-operative findings were suggestive of an intralobar sequestration with multiple aberrant vascularisation. Histologically intralobar sequestration was associated with congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation and epithelial atypia.
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PMID:Intralobar sequestration with cystic adenomatoid malformation and atypia. 1871 39

Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is extreme rare diffuse lung disease of unknown cause seen almost exclusively in women of child-bearing age and rarely postmenopausal which indicates the involvement of hormones-estrogens. It results from proliferation of the cells having a smooth muscle cell phenotype (LAM cells) in the lung, and very often in the kidney and axial lymphatics and lymph nodes or any combination. It may occur sporadically or in association with the neurocutaneous syndrome--tuberous sclerosis. LAM cell proliferation may obstruct bronchioles, lymph vessels and venules that lead to airflow obstruction, formation of lung cysts, bullas and pneumothoraces, chylothorax, chylous ascites, hemosiderosis and hemoptysis. Approxymately 400 cases of LAM have been reported so far, most of them in USA. The average survival is about 8.5 years. There is no specific therapy. There are attempts with progesterone, lung transplantation, Doxycicline besides the symptomatic therapy. A new drug Rapamycin is tested. We are reporting 43-year old woman admitted in the Clinic for pulmonary diseases and TB "Podhrastovi" because of progressive dyspnea and suspect lung diffuse fibrosis, after the surgical treatment of spontaneous pneumothorax. The diagnosis of lung lymphangiomyomatosis was established by chest X ray, computerized chest tomography (CT), pathohistological findings of open lung biopsy. The treatment with progesterone is underway with other symptomatic therapy.
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PMID:[Lung lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM)]. 1882 52

Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are ubiquitous organisms with nearly 100 different species found in soil and water. The fatty-acid and wax-rich impermeable cell wall of the mycobacteria allow for adherence to solid substrates such as pipes and leaves, allowing the organism to persist despite treatment with common disinfectants. Mycobacteria can cause infection in both humans and animals. It is difficult to assess the incidence or prevalence of NTM disease due to multiple factors. Nontuberculous mycobacteria infection may be difficult to differentiate from colonization, and when NTM infection is diagnosed, it is not a reportable disease. Furthermore, some species such as Mycobacterium gordonae may be a contaminant. Nontuberculous mycobacteria infection is not a communicable disease, although health care-associated outbreaks have been reported, associated with a single facility or procedure. While the nontuberculous infection may affect other organs, the most common site is the lung, and the most common species is Mycobacterium avium complex, commonly referred to as MAC infection. An increasing occurrence of MAC has been reported, especially in certain populations such as middle-aged or elderly thin women, patients with chronic lung disease, human immunodeficiency virus infection, and cystic fibrosis. An association of NTM infection with gastroesophageal reflux disease has also been noted. The clinical presentation often includes chronic productive cough. Other less common symptoms include dyspnea and hemoptysis. With increased use of computed tomography and high-resolution computed tomography, patterns of MAC pulmonary infection have been described. Recently, the American Thoracic Society has outlined guidelines for the diagnosis and management of NTM infection. Treatment of NTM infection requires at least 3 effective drugs for a minimum of 12 months after sputum conversion to negative cultures. Surgical therapy may be considered for localized disease which has failed medical management. In this article, the clinical presentation, radiographic features, diagnostic evaluation, and management are discussed.
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PMID:Nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary infections in Non-HIV patients. 1902 Mar 69

After formation of fungus ball in pre-existing cavities, antifungal agents are very hard to control the infection. Surgical resection offers the only realistic chance of a permanent cure for aspergilloma. However, surgical indications are still a controversy because of the high incidence of postoperative complications. The purpose of this study was to evaluate our indications and results in the surgical treatment of aspergilloma, focusing attention on the postoperative complications and risk factors. From 1990 to 2004, 60 patients with mean age of 44.6 (range, 20-69) were submitted to pulmonary surgery for excision of aspergilloma. Forty-one patients (68.3%) were male, 25 patients (41.7%) were smokers and 47 (78.3%) had tuberculosis as the underlying lung disease. The most frequent indication for surgery was haemoptysis (88.3%). The cavities were mainly situated in the upper lobes (85.0%) and in the right lung (68.3%). Approximately half of aspergillomas (56.7%) were classified as complex aspergillomas. The procedures performed were : 7 pneumectomies (11.7%), 3 bilobectomies (5.0%), 42 lobectomies (70.0%), 7 wedge resections (11.7%) and one cavernostomy (1.7%). There were 3 postoperative deaths (5%), and major complications occurred in 16.3% of the patients including: bleeding (n=3) and bronchopleural fistula (n=2). Recurrence rate was 3.3%. Surgical resection of pulmonary aspergilloma is effective in preventing recurrence of hemoptysis. Preoperative preparation of the patient, meticulous surgical technique, asn postoperative care reduced the rate of complications. We recommend early surgical resection of symptomatic cases with reasonable complications.
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PMID:[Surgical management of pulmonary aspergilloma]. 1911 77

Approximately 90% to 95% of Kaposi sarcoma cases occur in human immunodeficiency virus - infected homosexual and bisexual men. Pulmonary Kaposi sarcoma is uncommon in women, and rarely considered as a potential cause of diffuse lung disease in women with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. The disease is usually mistaken clinically for pulmonary infection. A 32-year-old woman was admitted with a 2-month history of dyspnea, evening fever, hemoptysis, weight loss, and generalized adenomegaly. Physical examination showed erythematous macules in the lower limbs. Skin and open lung biopsy demonstrated Kaposi sarcoma. Computerized tomography demonstrated peribronchovascular interstitial thickening. Although uncommon, pulmonary Kaposi sarcoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of diffuse lung disease in women with AIDS.
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PMID:Pulmonary Kaposi sarcoma in a human immunodeficiency virus - infected woman: a case report. 1912 Dec 17

Hospitalization can occur at any age for patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). The leading cause for admission is an acute worsening of signs and symptoms that can be called a pulmonary exacerbation. The reasons for admission are usually the need for intravenous antibiotics and aggressive airway clearance with good nutritional support. Respiratory therapists (RTs) play a key role in the care of CF patients in the out-patient clinics and taking care of the patients while hospitalized. Following the CF pulmonary guidelines, they administer aerosol delivery and airway clearance while also providing education to patients and families. The RT should have the skills to perform and teach all manners of airway clearance and understand the medications and delivery devices that make up a CF treatment. As CF lung disease progresses, so does the chance that these patients may develop complications such as pneumothorax and hemoptysis, which may require different strategies, especially when airway clearance is performed. The RT needs to have the skills that can take the patient from simple oxygen therapy as lung function deteriorates to the point where chronic oxygen or noninvasive ventilation is needed, or to the point where the end-stage patient waits for a lung transplant. An important aspect of the hospitalization is the interaction between the RT and the patient. To give good therapy is to be a great coach. From infection control to following proper nebulizer protocol, to consistency with airway clearance, to education, the CF RT is there for the life of the patient.
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PMID:Respiratory care of the hospitalized patient with cystic fibrosis. 1946 63


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