Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0019079 (hemoptysis)
 6,129 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The case histories of the 49 patients who died in a series of 165 patients admitted to the Medical Unit between 1958 and 1984 with polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) were reviewed. The causes of death of the 29 men and 20 women, mean age 51.44 +/- 7.4 years, were classified into 6 groups. Infection accounted for 26.5% (13/49) of deaths, the initial site of infection being pulmonary, complicated by septicaemia in 6 cases. Cardiovascular events were responsible for death in 24.4% (11/49): terminal cardiac failure (4 cases), myocardial infarction (1 case), ventricular tachycardia (1 case), stroke (1 case), pulmonary embolism (2 cases), fulminant hemoptysis (1 case). Gastrointestinal complications were the cause of death in 16.3% (8/49): ischemic necrosis (5 cases), acute pancreatitis (2 cases), oesophageal ulceration (1 case). Renal failure was observed in 10.2% (5/49), all occurring before 1972: acute renal failure (3 cases), chronic renal failure (2 cases). Cancer was the cause of death in 10.2% (5/49): primary bronchial carcinoma (2 cases), laryngeal carcinoma (1 case), carcinoma of the vulva (1 case), bone metastases (1 case). Finally, 14.2% (7/49) could not be classified in the preceding groups. Sudden death occurred in 3 patients, shock in 1 patient, multivisceral PAN in 2 patients and anaphylactic shock in 1 patient. Three of the 12 patients who had post-mortem studies had signs of progressive vasculitis. The results are compared with other reports in the literature and the pathogenic mechanisms are discussed. The infections and cardiovascular deaths occurred early or late and were not related to the state of the activity of the vasculitis. Immunosuppressive treatment seems to play an important role in their pathogenesis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:[Causes of death in systemic vasculitis of polyarteritis nodosa. Analysis of a series of 165 patients]. 290 28

Infection, hemorrhage and adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are pulmonary complications occurring after remission induction therapy for acute leukemia. The aim of this study was to analyze the incidence of these causes by serial roentgenogram, clinical, microbiological and laboratory tests in 21 patients (pts) with relapsed acute leukemia (18 X myeloid, 3 X lymphoblastic), an AML-pt (acute myeloid leukemia) suffering from secondary leukemia, and three pts with primary refractory leukemia following treatment with intermediate (IM) and high-dose cytosine arabinoside (HD-Ara C), in combination with amsacrine (AMSA)(n = 19), etoposide (VP 16) (n = 5) or Mitoxantrone (n = 1). Eleven out of 25 pts developed pulmonary complications, one of them with massive hemoptysis and roentgenographic signs of pulmonary bleeding, one suffering from protracted shock after a tumor lysis syndrome, two pts showing symptoms of a cardiogenic pulmonary edema complicating severe Candida pneumonia in one case and legionnaires' disease in the other. Seven of the eleven pts had a non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema with respiratory failure 1-14 days after cessation of induction or consolidation therapy. In six of the seven, there were no signs of cardiogenic, infectious or metabolic reasons, including fluid overload, for the pulmonary edema, one had as a contributing factor a Candida infection of the lung. Three of the seven patients recovered, four died (two following IM and two after HD-Ara C). Other adverse side effects, clearly attributable to HD-Ara C, included delirious state (n = 3), generalized erythema (n = 3), acute pancreatitis (n = 2), acute abdomen (n = 1) and conjunctivitis in almost all patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema complicating intermediate and high-dose Ara C treatment for relapsed acute leukemia. 336 72

Two patients referred to Ochsner Foundation Hospital after ventricular aneurysm repair had the delayed pulmonary complications of massive hemoptysis and bronchiectasis. Only three cases of infected ventricular aneurysm repair have been reported previously. The felt buttress used in aneurysm repair may be the seat of indolent infection or it may erode into pulmonary tissue with secondary infection. For anatomic reasons the lingular segment of the lung appears to be at increased risk of involvement. Symptoms led to the correct diagnosis in one case at 7 months and in the other at 3 years after the original operation. Infection may be prevented by appropriate measures. However, should such a catastrophe occur, aggressive surgical therapy with removal of all foreign material is mandatory.
 ...
PMID:Delayed pulmonary complications of ventricular aneurysm repair. Report of two cases and review of the literature. 746 2

We present preliminary results of a study undertaken in previously untreated patients with non-small cell lung cancer to determine the maximum tolerated dose of paclitaxel (Taxol; Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ) when administered as a 3-hour intravenous infusion in combination with cisplatin every 3 weeks; to evaluate the nature, frequency, severity, and duration of adverse events associated with this drug combination; and to evaluate the combination's antitumor efficacy. Thus far, we have treated 10 patients with cisplatin (100 mg/m2) and increasing doses of paclitaxel (135, 170, and 200 mg/m2). Among nine evaluable patients, four partial responses have been obtained, disease in three patients progressed after three courses, and no changes were seen in one patient. One patient had two cardiac arrests within 8 days of the onset of therapy, from which he recovered; he died 1 month later of massive hemoptysis. Thrombocytopenia was not seen in these patients, and neutropenia (< 1,000 granulocytes/microL) was seen in only three patients. Infections were seen in these patients and were manageable in all cases. Other toxicities consisted mainly of World Health Organization grades II and III alopecia and nausea and/or vomiting. No grade III nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity, hypersensitivity, mucositis, or infection was seen in this series after one to three courses of chemotherapy; one patient presented with grade IV cardiotoxicity 6 days after the onset of therapy. So far, the maximum tolerated dose of the cisplatin/paclitaxel combination has not been reached; however, definitive conclusions await the full treatment of additional patients. Moreover, the possibility of cumulative and delayed toxicity must be evaluated after a sufficient duration of follow-up in adequate numbers of patients.
 ...
PMID:Dose-finding study of paclitaxel (Taxol) plus cisplatin in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. 793 62

We report the case of an asthmatic man in whom a solitary pulmonary nodule was discovered after an episode of self-limited hemoptysis. Infection was suspected after initial response to empirical antibiotic therapy, and the pathogen was later identified to be a rare mycobacterium. The pulmonary nodule resolved without surgery after oral quinolone therapy. Mycobacterium fortuitum should be added to the list of possible causes of solitary pulmonary nodule in Spain.
 ...
PMID:[Solitary pulmonary nodule due to Mycobacterium fortuitum]. 1195 74

Leptospirosis is a widely spread disease of global concern. Infection causes flu-like episodes with frequent severe renal and hepatic damage, such as haemorrhage and jaundice. In more severe cases, massive pulmonary haemorrhages, including fatal sudden haemoptysis, can occur. Here we report the complete genomic sequence of a representative virulent serovar type strain (Lai) of Leptospira interrogans serogroup Icterohaemorrhagiae consisting of a 4.33-megabase large chromosome and a 359-kilobase small chromosome, with a total of 4,768 predicted genes. In terms of the genetic determinants of physiological characteristics, the facultatively parasitic L. interrogans differs extensively from two other strictly parasitic pathogenic spirochaetes, Treponema pallidum and Borrelia burgdorferi, although similarities exist in the genes that govern their unique morphological features. A comprehensive analysis of the L. interrogans genes for chemotaxis/motility and lipopolysaccharide synthesis provides a basis for in-depth studies of virulence and pathogenesis. The discovery of a series of genes possibly related to adhesion, invasion and the haematological changes that characterize leptospirosis has provided clues about how an environmental organism might evolve into an important human pathogen.
 ...
PMID:Unique physiological and pathogenic features of Leptospira interrogans revealed by whole-genome sequencing. 1271 4

Infection by Strongyloides stercoralis can cause asthma-like symptoms through mechanisms that have not yet been clarified. A 55-year-old male farm worker with a 2-year history of illness diagnosed as asthma and treated unsuccessfully with bronchodilators and corticosteroids was referred to our hospital with severe dyspnea. The initial chest radiograph showed mild air trapping, and pulmonary function tests detected airway obstruction that did not respond to salbutamol. Bronchoscopy revealed multiple nodules protruding into the airway lumen. S. stercoralis larvae were detected in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and stool samples. Although treatment with albendazole was initiated, the patient's condition worsened over the next 3 days, hemoptysis presented, and the process ended in death. Autopsy demonstrated Strongyloides larvae in the bronchial nodules. Infection by S. stercoralis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of asthmatic-like symptoms refractory to treatment. In such cases nodules may be responsible for obstruction.
 ...
PMID:[Bronchial nodules produced by Strongyloides stercoralis as the cause of bronchial obstruction]. 1458 6

We describe a patient with a chronic case of pulmonary involvement of Takayasu's arteritis in the resected lung. A 49-year-old woman was first diagnosed with Takayasu's arteritis at age 30 years. On her first admission, she presented with Takayasu's arteritis and pneumonia with cavitation in the left lung. After recovering from pneumonia, she was treated initially with prednisolone, 30 mg/day, and remained well until she developed hemoptysis at age 34 years. Findings suggesting aspergilloma were found in the same lobe on chest x-ray film when she was 46 years of age. By age 49 years, the hemoptysis became massive, and she was admitted for surgery. Left upper lobectomy and partial resection of S6 and S8 pulmonary segments were performed. Histologic analysis of the resected lung revealed typical pathologic findings of pulmonary artery involvement in Takayasu's arteritis, such as stenosis recanalization and a vessel-in-vessel feature, but not active vasculitis. Infection probably occurred in the cavity of the infarcted tissue. Pulmonary artery involvement is common in Takayasu's arteritis, but the aspergilloma in this corticosteroid-treated patient is an uncommon complication.
 ...
PMID:Pulmonary artery involvement in Takayasu's arteritis with lung infarction and pulmonary aspergillosis. 1704 82

Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) or Rendu-Osler-Weber disease is a genetic disorder with autosomal dominance and variable penetrance, characterized by epistaxis, telangiectasia and visceral manifestations of the disease. The estimated minimal prevalence is 1/10,000 inhabitants. The diagnosis is established on clinical criteria, and may be further confirmed by the identification of causative mutations in either the ENG or the ACVRL1 gene coding for endoglin and ALK1, respectively. Pulmonary vascular manifestations of HHT include pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs; especially in patients with ENG mutations) and less frequently pulmonary hypertension (especially in patients with ACVRL1 mutations). In 15-33% of patients with HHT, PAVMs consist of abnormal communications between pulmonary arteries and pulmonary veins, causing right-to-left shunting, and thus, frequently hypoxemia and dyspnea on exertion, although PAVMs may remain asymptomatic and frequently undiagnosed unless complications occur. PAVMs result in severe and frequent complications often at a young age, which may reveal the diagnosis, e.g. transient ischemic attack and cerebral stroke (10-19% of patients), systemic severe infections and abscesses (including cerebral abscess in 5-19% of patients), and rarely massive hemoptysis or hemothorax. Infections in HHT are related to the right-to-left shunting that bypasses the pulmonary capillaries and facilitates the passage of septic or aseptic emboli into the systemic and especially cerebral circulation, and potentially to minor defects in innate immunity. Treatment of PAVMs based on transcatheter coil vaso-occlusion of the feeding artery significantly decreases right-to-left shunting, hypoxemia and dyspnea on exertion, and reduces the risk of systemic complications. Long-term follow-up is warranted after transcatheter vaso-occlusion of PAVMs due to frequent recanalization of treated PAVMs and development or growth of untreated PAVMs. Patients with HHT should be informed of the risk of PAVM and potentially severe complications occurring in heretofore asymptomatic subjects. All adult patients with HHT should be proposed systematic screening for PAVM, by contrast echocardiography (preceded by anteroposterior chest radiograph) or computed tomography of the chest. Pulmonary hypertension is rare in HHT, and may be due either to systemic arteriovenous shunting in the liver increasing cardiac output or be clinically and histologically indistinguishable from idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension. Pulmonary hypertension is detected by systematic examination of right cardiac cavities and tricuspid regurgitation flow at echocardiography, and the diagnosis is established by right heart catheterization.
 ...
PMID:Pulmonary vascular manifestations of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (rendu-osler disease). 1764 82

This retrospective review presented the prevalence and manifestations of tuberculosis among renal transplant recipients in our center between 1987 and mid 2007. The prevalence of tuberculosis was 5/151 (3.3%) recipients with a median age of 49 years (range = 38-55). The median time of diagnosis after transplantation was 23 months (range = 1-47). All five patients had pulmonary tuberculosis. None developed extrapulmonary infection. Presenting symptoms were fever (60%), productive cough (80%), weight loss (40%), and hemoptysis (20%). One patient had non-parathyroid-related hypercalcemia. Cyclosporine dosage needed to be increased in all patients. Two subjects who experienced side effects of hepatitis and/or jaundice from rifampicin were switched to second-line drugs. Infection with Mycobacterial tuberculosis is a not uncommon problem in renal transplant recipients especially in endemic areas. Tuberculosis must be excluded for immunosuppressed patients with clinical or radiological suspicion.
 ...
PMID:Prevalence and manifestations of tuberculosis in renal transplant recipients: a single-center experience in Thailand. 1879 Feb 40


1 2 3 Next >>