Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0019079 (hemoptysis)
 6,129 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Broncholithiasis, associated most frequently with tuberculosis and histoplasmosis, usually presents with acute onset of cough and hemoptysis. Visible stones are coughed up in fewer cases than was previously believed. The disease may be accompanied by obstructive symptoms, bronchiectasis, and occasional fistula formation into either the esophagus or the aorta. The prognosis of these patients is generally excellent; however, a significant number require surgery because of persistent symptoms or a complication of the disease.
 ...
PMID:Broncholithiasis: current concepts of an ancient disease. 47 54

In this retrospective study of 115 cases of histoplasmids, there were 66 male and 49 female patients ranging in age from 2 months to 79 years. The most common presenting symptoms were cough, chest pain, wheezing, weight loss, hemoptysis, and shortness of breath. Thirty-five patients (30%) were asymptomatic. Two patients had manifestations of obstruction of the superior vena cava. Radiologic findings simulated carcinoma, tuberculosis, pneumonia, and viral infections. Sixty-five patients had various operative proceudres, such as lung biopsy, wedge resection, lobectomy, pneumonectomy, resection of lymph node, and bypass of superior vena cava, for diagnosis and treatment. There were two deaths and two postoperative complications. A total of 15 patients received intravenous amphotericin B. Four patients with pneumonic infiltrates developed disseminated histoplasmosis.
 ...
PMID:Histoplasmosis: clinical manifestations and surgical management. 47 35

We treated 20 patients thought to have mediastinal fibrosis secondary to Histoplasma capsulatum. All but 1 were symptomatic. The most common symptoms were dyspnea (8), hemoptysis (6), postobstructive pneumonia (5), and superior vena caval obstruction (2). Nine patients had severe stenosis of the trachea, carina, or main bronchus. Special stains identified Histoplasma capsulatum in surgical specimens in 9 patients. Surgical procedures were done for 18 of 20 patients (resection of subcarinal mass, 6; right middle and lower lobectomy, 5; carinal pneumonectomy, 4; esophagoplasty, 4; sleeve resection, 3 (with right main bronchus in 1, right lower and middle lobectomy in 1, and carina in 1); right upper lobectomy, 1; middle lobectomy, 1; and bronchoplasty of left main bronchus, 1. There were 4 deaths, 3 after complications of carinal pneumonectomy and 1 in a patient with tracheobronchial obstruction that could not be dilated. Two patients were treated with amphotericin and 4 with ketoconazole. Sclerosing mediastinitis secondary to histoplasmosis presents tremendous surgical challenges because of the intense fibrosis encountered. Bronchoplastic procedures are possible in spite of the intense fibrosis. High mortality rates after carinal resection may be encountered. The exact role of antifungal therapy is as yet undefined.
 ...
PMID:Clinical manifestation of mediastinal fibrosis and histoplasmosis. 144 86

Broncholithiasis, a disease that is probably much more common than has been reported, is most often associated with pulmonary infections, for example, tuberculosis and histoplasmosis. Stones originate from calcified peribronchial lymph nodes that erode into the tracheobronchial tree, but lithoptysis occurs infrequently. The most common symptoms are persistent cough and hemoptysis, sometimes followed by findings of obstructive pneumonia (fever, chills, and purulent sputum). Physical findings are nonspecific, and radiologic findings are varied. Complications include formation of a fistula between the respiratory tract and the esophagus or aorta and obstructive pulmonary symptoms. Treatment ranges from conservative management (simple observation) to thoracotomy for patients in whom complications from stone erosion develop. The prognosis of patients with broncholithiasis is generally excellent.
 ...
PMID:Coughing up a stone. What to do about broncholithiasis. 334 60

A 41-year-old man was admitted for evaluation of hemoptysis, dysphagia, and pleuritic chest pain associated with a mediastinal mass. Esophagography demonstrated a fistula between the mass and the esophagus. Results of histoplasmosis complement fixation serologic testing suggested an active infection. A methenamine silver stain of a lymph node obtained at mediastinoscopy revealed Histoplasmosis capsulatum. The patient was successfully treated with amphotericin B. This is believed to be the first reported case of an esophageal fistula as a complication of mediastinal histoplasmosis successfully treated with amphotericin B.
 ...
PMID:Esophageal fistula complicating mediastinal histoplasmosis. Response to amphotericin B. 361 35

Endoscopic treatment of broncholithiasis is controversial. From 1953 through 1984, 66 operations were performed on 40 patients with broncholithiasis in an endemic area for histoplasmosis. They are reviewed here retrospectively. All patients had cough; wheeze, hemoptysis, and lithoptysis were present in 60%, 45%, and 26%, respectively. Bronchoscopic stone removal was successful in 19%, whereas 21% of patients required no treatment. The 25 patients who were affected more severely required thoracotomy and operations varying from simple lung wedge resection to repair of a bronchoesophageal fistula. Optimum preservation of lung function was a major treatment guideline. All survived, and most have returned to normal preoperative activity. For selected patients, bronchoscopy and stone removal may be all that is required for broncholithiasis.
 ...
PMID:Management of broncholithiasis: is thoracotomy necessary? 375 73

Fifty patients with either malignant (n = 25) or infectious/inflammatory (n = 25) chest lesions had lung aspirations using ultrathin needles, 24 to 25 gauge. The procedure's overall sensitivity was 87%, and the specificity was 100%. The diagnostic yield was 90% (9/10) from peripheral malignant coin lesions, 100% (3/3) from malignant cavities, and 42% (5/12) from infected, nonmalignant cavities. Antimicrobial therapy probably contributed to poor microbiologic results in the latter group. Twenty-two of the patients previously had flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy with negative results. In this select group, a diagnosis was established in 45% (10/22): 7 had malignant lesions, 2 had anaerobic lung abscesses, and 1 had histoplasmosis. In patients with infectious diseases, a variety of bacterial, mycobacterial, and fungal infections were confirmed including the diagnosis of Legionella pneumophila in 2 patients. A definitive diagnosis was obtained in 6 of 8 immunosuppressed patients who presented with indeterminate infiltrates on chest radiographs. Complications were minimal, although 21 patients (42%) had COPD, and 13 patients (26%) had moderate to severe hypoxemia (PaO2, 40 60 torr). Mild hemoptysis occurred in 2 patients (4%), and pneumothorax occurred in 4 patients (8%) of whom 2 required chest tube insertion. When compared with other studies using large gauge needles (18 to 22 gauge), ultrathin needle aspiration of the lung produced fewer complications, while maintaining an exceptionally good diagnostic yield.
 ...
PMID:Ultrathin needle aspiration of the lung in infectious and malignant disease. 745 76

Endobronchial streptokinase has been used previously to dissolve blood clots caused by massive spontaneous hemoptysis, in settings including sarcoidosis, cavitary histoplasmosis, and multiple myeloma. To our knowledge, however, the use of thrombolytic agents to dissolve clots following transbronchial biopsy has not been reported previously. We describe a patient in whom endobronchial urokinase was used for successful dissolution of clots secondary to massive bleeding after transbronchial biopsy.
 ...
PMID:Endobronchial urokinase for dissolution of massive clot following transbronchial biopsy. 813 76

A 40-year-old man had new onset of hemoptysis and hematemesis. Bronchoscopy revealed red, inflamed mucosa with apparent rich blood supply in the left primary bronchus. Computed tomography revealed calcified subcarinal lymph nodes with a small extension into the left primary bronchus. Shortly after admission, the patient had an episode of gastrointestinal bleeding. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy showed a lesion in the posterior wall of the esophagus, 12 cm from the upper incisors. During exploratory thoracotomy, a single piece of irregular-shaped tan tissue measuring 3.5 x 2.5 x 2.0 cm and engulfing the esophagus, carina, and left primary bronchus was dissected. A single stonelike mass, or broncholith, was found to involve both the trachea and the esophagus. Microscopic examination showed multiple caseating granulomas with surrounding lymphoid tissue and germinal centers. During 12 months of follow-up, the patient has remained asymptomatic. The chronic inflammation in this case suggested granulomatous mediastinitis, a rare disease whose mass-like effects may contribute to structural compression. The trachea and esophagus are rarely involved. Tuberculosis and histoplasmosis are thought to be the two most common causes of granulomatous mediastinitis. Chronic inflammation leading to calcification and broncholith may invade bronchial lumen or esophageal wall, causing life-threatening hemorrhage and necessitating prompt surgical intervention.
 ...
PMID:Hemoptysis and hematemesis due to a broncholith: granulomatous mediastinitis. 857 62

Fibrosing mediastinitis is underdiagnosed because of the nonspecific character of the presenting symptoms. The endobronchial findings obtained via flexible bronchoscopy are not defined in the literature. We describe 3 cases of fibrosing mediastinitis, most likely caused by histoplasmosis. All 3 patients presented with hemoptysis and were found to have tracheobronchial concentric narrowing, severe hyperemia, and mucosal edema. The hyperemic blood vessels were treated with neodymium yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd:YAG) laser and argon plasma coagulation. We believe that recognition of specific endobronchial findings aids in prompt diagnosis of fibrosing mediastinitis.
 ...
PMID:Endobronchial findings of fibrosing mediastinitis. 1463 20


1 2 Next >>