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Query: UMLS:C0019079 (hemoptysis)
 6,129 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Pulmonary hemosiderosis is a disorder with unknown cause and characterized by hemosiderin appreciation in alveolar interstitium from decomposed hemoglobin following alveolar capillary bleeding, which finally leads to pulmonary fibrosis. It can be divided into primary and secondary types in terms of its etiology. While primary types are related to autoimmunity, secondary types can be associated with cardiovascular and pulmonary causes such as mitral stenosis leading to pulmonary congestion. We report a case of cor triatriatum sinister in a child who presented with hemoptysis as a main clinical manifestation and had been previously diagnosed with idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis. Based on clinical signs and imaging examinations, we considered the hemoptysis was most likely due to cor triatriatum. The child underwent corrective surgery with uneventful recovery. The hemoptysis has not recurred any more after operation. Cardiovascular disease including cor triatriatum should be considered with regards to the etiology of pulmonary hemosiderosis.
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PMID:Cor triatriatum sinister: a rare underlying cause of pulmonary hemosiderosis. 2702 47

Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis is primarily a disorder of childhood, which is characterized by hemoptysis, iron deficiency anemia, and diffuse parenchymal infiltrates on chest x-ray secondary to recurrent attacks of alveolar hemorrhage. It can be diagnosed by showing hemosiderin laden macrophages in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid after other specific causes of diffuse alveolar hemorrhage are definitely excluded. A 5-year-old male patient was admitted to our clinic with sudden-onset pallor during iron therapy given for anemia. While he was being investigated for clinical and laboratory signs mimicking hemolytic anemia, he developed cough and dyspnea. He had infiltrates on chest x-ray and scattered patchy infiltrates in both lungs on high-resolution computed tomography. Hemosiderin laden macrophages were identified in fasting gastric juice and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. The patient was diagnosed with idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis and started corticosteroid therapy.
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PMID:A Case of Idiopathic Pulmonary Hemosiderosis Presenting With Signs and Symptoms Mimicking Hemolytic Anemia. 2791 50

Macrophage activation syndrome, a severe complication of systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis and other inflammatory diseases, represents one of the most important rheumatological emergencies. Delayed diagnosis could lead to life-threatening complications. Pulmonary hemosiderosis has been classically characterized by a triad of anemia, hemoptysis, and lung infiltrates on chest radiogram. Although the majority of patients of pulmonary hemosiderosis are considered idiopathic, secondary hemosiderosis associated with known diseases could be seen. In this case report, we aimed to present gradually increased pulmonary manifestations due to pulmonary hemosiderosis with recurrent macrophage activation syndrome attacks in a child with systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis.
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PMID:Idiopathic Pulmonary Hemosiderosis in a Child with Recurrent Macrophage Activation Syndrome Secondary to Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis. 2825 Oct 9

This article reports 4 girls with clinical manifestations of recurrent cough and anemia. The age of onset was less than 4 years, and three of them had shortness of breath. None of them had acute hemoptysis. All the girls had positive results of hemosiderin test for bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. As for imaging examination, 3 patients had ground-glass opacity, and 1 had interstitial change. Three girls were given the treatment for idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis and had no response. Selective bronchial arteriography was performed for the 4 girls and found bronchial artery to pulmonary circulation shunt (BPS). After they were diagnosed with BPS, they were given transcatheter embolization. The girls were followed up for half a year after surgery, and none of them was readmitted due to "cough and anemia". BPS manifests as abnormal shunt between the bronchial artery and the pulmonary artery/vein and has unknown causes. It is rare in children and should be considered for children who were thought to have idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis and had poor response to corticosteroid therapy.
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PMID:[Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage in 4 girls]. 2904 10

Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis is an infrequent cause of pulmonary hemorrhage in children. It is classically defined by the triad of recurrent hemoptysis, iron-deficiency anemia, and diffuse parenchymal infiltration without an obvious cause. The pathogenesis remains unexplained, diagnosis may be difficult, and the clinical course exceedingly variable. A 4-year-old girl was admitted to the hospital with complaints of dyspnea, and skin and mucous membrane pallor. The suspicion of idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis led to the use of corticosteroid therapy with rapid improvement in clinical condition and discharge from hospital.
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PMID:Respiratory Distress and Severe Anemia in a Child With Idiopathic Pulmonary Hemosiderosis. 2968 51

Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis (IPH) is a rare disease in children, with unknown etiology. The classical clinical triad is hemoptysis, hypochromic anemia and diffuse parenchymal infiltrations on chest X-ray. Liposteroid dexamethasone palmitate, which was developed in Japan, has shown good efficacy for IPH. We present the case of a patient with IPH, who suffered from a life-threatening respiratory dysfunction, and was rescued by a trial administration of liposteroid with methylprednisolone (mPSL). A 6-year-old girl was admitted to our hospital for repeated dyspnea and blood-stained sputum. She was diagnosed with IPH at the age of three-months by iron staining of gastric fluid and sputum studies. Her cumulative dose of steroids (equivalent to prednisolone (PSL)) was 1062 mg/kg. However, she could not achieve remission. We decided to initiate liposteroid therapy. We administered an infusion of liposteroid 0.8 mg/kg intravenously, for three consecutive days as a therapy for acute bleeding. After administration of liposteroid, she developed high fever with CRP elevation. We suspected that the inflammation was caused by palmitate, which is present as a lipo base in liposteroid. Hence, we added 2 mg/kg mPSL per day for 1 week. As a maintenance treatment, a single infusion of liposteroid was administered followed by mPSL administration for 6 days in every week. Her respiratory condition slowly improved. Tracheostomy was performed for airway management. She was shifted out of the ICU on the 34th day. Steroid is a key therapy for hemosiderosis. When IPH is diagnosed, oral prednisone therapy is initiated. Although this is effective, there are limitations due to significant adverse effects. Maintaining drug therapy is very important for IPH patients to keep the disease under control. Liposteroid has the same mechanism of action as dexamethasone. It has a Lipo-base, palmitate, which could induce pro-inflammatory cytokine activation. We used mPSL to inhibit the inflammation following liposteroid administration. This was effective. A combination of liposteroid and mPSL administration was useful method of treatment for the patient.
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PMID:Liposteroid and methylprednisolone combination therapy for a case of idiopathic lung hemosiderosis. 2997 50

Tuberculosis is still one of the most common respiratory diseases in Africa and worldwide and miliary tuberculosis is a regular manifestation of it. Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis is a rare disease entity, presenting in children as well as adults. It is characterized by the triad of recurrent episodes of alveolar hemorrhage, presenting as hemoptysis, iron deficiency anemia and bilateral pulmonary infiltrates seen on chest X-ray. These symptoms and signs can easily be confused for other diseases i.e. miliary tuberculosis, delaying appropriate management. The etiology of idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis remains unclear. Diagnosis is established by lung biopsy, revealing hemosiderin laden macrophages in the alveoli. Treatment during an acute episode includes corticosteroids and/or immunosuppressive therapy, as well as supportive measures. Long-term follow-up is essential.
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PMID:Diffuse pulmonary small nodular and patchy infiltrates on chest X-ray with hemoptysis: TB or not TB?-a call for scale up of respiratory medicine services in African TB high burden countries: a case of idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis. 3036 23

Heiner syndrome is a non-IgE-mediated hypersensitivity to cow's milk, which often causes pulmonary disease in infants and young children. Patients often have symptoms of chronic or recurrent upper or lower respiratory tract infection. It has been reported that the Heiner's syndrome can cause recurrent pulmonary hemorrhage, and it is difficult to differentiate from the entity of idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis, another disease with recurrent pulmonary hemorrhage of unknown etiology usually occurring in the older children. Acute respiration is a rare problem in Heiner syndrome, which usually has symptoms and signs of chronic respiratory disease. In this case report, we present a 6-month-old patient who was admitted to our hospital with massive hemoptysis, hematemesis, and deep anemia.
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PMID:A different clinical presentation of Heiner syndrome: The case of diffuse alveolar hemorrhage causing massive hemoptysis and hematemesis. 3073 16

Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH) is a clinical syndrome with major clinical manifestations of hemoptysis, anemia, and diffuse infiltration in the lung. DAH has a high mortality rate in the acute stage and is a life-threatening emergency in clinical practice. Compared with adult DHA, childhood DHA tends to have a specific spectrum of underlying diseases. It has long been believed that idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis (IPH) is the main cause of childhood DAH; however, with the increase in reports of childhood DAH cases, the etiology spectrum of childhood DAH is expanding. The treatment and prognosis of DAH with different etiologies are different. This review article gives a general outline of childhood DAH, with focuses on DAH caused by IPH, systemic lupus erythematosus, anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-related vasculitis, COPA syndrome, or IgA vasculitis.
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PMID:[Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage in children]. 3150 59

Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis is characterized by the triad of hemoptysis, iron deficiency anemia and pulmonary infiltrates. Though idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis has classically been described as a childhood disease, survival into adulthood is possible. Treatment options for advanced and/or refractory disease is limited, and in our unique case of idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis with precapillary pulmonary hypertension, lung transplantation has had a favorable short-term outcome. We also demonstrate that disease recurrence of idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis following lung transplantation is possible.
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PMID:Disease recurrence after lung transplantation for idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis. 3257 69


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