Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0019079 (hemoptysis)
 6,129 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

From October 1989 to March 1994, 30 endoscopic injection sclerotherapies were performed in four consecutive female children who had extrahepatic portal vein obstruction complicated with esophageal variceal bleeding. Eradication of varices was achieved in three patients. However, bleeding occurred again in two of these patients due to esophageal varix recurrence. One patient, who discontinued sclerotherapy because of hemoptysis during treatment, also had 12 episodes of esophageal bleeding which were controlled by shunt therapy. In addition to hemoptysis, other complications were bleeding during sclerotherapy and fever. The sclerotherapy complication rate in this study was 17%. Our results suggest that endoscopic injection sclerotherapy is an effective and safe method for the prevention of variceal bleeding in children with extrahepatic portal vein obstruction. Long-term regular endoscopy follow-up and even repeated sclerotherapy are needed to prevent bleeding due to recurrence of esophageal varices.
 ...
PMID:Endoscopic injection sclerotherapy for esophageal variceal bleeding in children with extrahepatic portal vein obstruction. 774 45

We compared arterial blood gas analysis and 99mTc-MAA lung perfusion scintigraphy before and after endoscopic injection sclerotherapy (EIS) in 17 cases of esophageal varices complicating liver cirrhosis. EIS was performed by the intra-variceal injection method with 5% ethanolamine oleate (EO) as the sclerosant agent. In blood gas analysis, the mean values of partial arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) and oxygen saturation (SaO2) were decreased, and the mean value of alveolar-arterial O2 difference (AaDO2) was increased, compared with before EIS while breathing room air. On lung perfusion scintigram, the pulmonary blood flow was markedly decreased, demonstrating hypoperfusion and/or perfusion defect, compared with before EIS in most the cases. It was suggested that pulmonary embolism and/or pulmonary circulatory disturbance occurred after EIS. It is important to note that pulmonary circulatory disturbances potentially may occur after EIS without any accompanying symptoms such as dyspnea, cough, or hemoptysis.
 ...
PMID:[Pulmonary circulatory disturbance following endoscopic injection sclerotherapy]. 836 22

A 27-yr-old woman with recurrent episodes of hemoptysis (and hematemesis due to esophageal varices) was found to have unilateral pulmonary vein atresia. Reversed flow in the left pulmonary artery, a finding highly suggestive of this rare congenital anomaly, was demonstrated during cardiac catheterization. The definitive diagnosis was afforded by pulmonary wedge angiography, which not only demonstrated the atretic leftsided pulmonary veins, but also revealed a serpiginous system of systemic collateral veins to be the cause of her esophageal varices. Pneumonectomy of the nonfunctioning hypoplastic lung, the most successful approach to this disorder, may be complicated by severe bleeding of the numerous systemic arterial collateral vessels transected during surgical mobilization of the affected lung. Percutaneously delivered vascular occlusion coils were used in this case to occlude the large systemic to pulmonary artery collateral arteries immediately prior to pneumonectomy. Intra- and perioperative bleeding was minimal, and the patient has done well without further episodes of hemoptysis or hematemesis. Percutaneous occlusion of systemic to pulmonary collaterals may prove useful as a preoperative step for other congenital heart disease patients requiring lung or heart/lung transplantation.
 ...
PMID:Esophageal varices in association with unilateral pulmonary vein atresia. 885 49

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) may present in various ways, but only very rarely with symptoms of distant metastases or evolve from ectopic liver tissue. This report describes a case of a 62-year-old white man who was admitted for hemoptysis and a large left chest wall mass that was growing for about a year. The patient underwent Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) of the mass that revealed poorly differentiated large-cell carcinoma. A lung primary was suspected initially; however, further workup of this patient showed an elevated serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level of 16,425 ng/ml. A computerized tomography (CT) scan of the abdomen showed cirrhotic liver, evidence of esophageal varices, but no evidence of a liver mass. The FNA findings were reviewed and ancillary studies were performed, including pan cytokeratin (AE1/3), Hepatocyte Paraffin 1 (HepPar-1), AFP, CD10, CD34, and polyclonal CEA. The results confirmed the diagnoses of HCC probably from occult primary or from ectopic liver tissue. The former was suggested, since serum AFP was dropped to 6,640 ng/ml following resection of the tumor. We concluded that HCC should be considered in the list of differential diagnosis of chest wall mass. HCC may present as metastatic disease from a clinically and radiologically unrecognized liver mass. FNA, coupled with ancillary studies, provides a rapid and accurate diagnostic tool in challenging cases.
 ...
PMID:Cytomorphology of a solitary left chest wall mass: an unusual presentation from unknown primary hepatocellular carcinoma. 1770 51

A 56-year-old female nonsmoker presented with episodic hemoptysis, without any other associated respiratory symptoms. Her medical history was notable for polycythemia rubra vera with portal vein thrombosis, which was treated with warfarin, but was complicated by portal hypertension. Esophageal varices were controlled by endoscopic band ligation. Chest radiograph and 64-slice computed tomography scanning failed to identify a culprit lesion. Bronchoscopy identified a vascular structure in the proximal trachea. A contrast-enhanced 320-multidetector row computed tomography scan of the neck showed a tortuous vascular channel in the trachea, which changed in appearance over time, consistent with a tracheal varix. The patient was changed to aspirin therapy and was evaluated by a cardiothoracic surgeon. A conservative approach was adopted, and the patient has had no recurrence of symptoms.
 ...
PMID:Tracheal varix in portal hypertension. 2135 42

Anomalies involving arterial branches in the lungs are one of the causes of hemoptysis in humans and dogs. Congenital and acquired patterns of bronchoesophageal artery hypertrophy have been reported in humans based on CT characteristics. The purpose of this retrospective study was to describe clinical, echocardiographic, and multidetector computed tomography features of bronchoesophageal artery hypertrophy and systemic-to-pulmonary arterial communications in a sample of 14 dogs. Two main vascular patterns were identified in dogs that resembled congenital and acquired conditions reported in humans. Pattern 1 appeared as an aberrant origin of the right bronchoesophageal artery, normal origin of the left one, and enlargement of both the bronchial and esophageal branches that formed a dense network terminating in a pulmonary artery through an orifice. Pattern 2 appeared as a normal origin of both right and left bronchoesophageal arteries, with an enlarged and tortuous course along the bronchi to the periphery of the lung, where they communicated with subsegmental pulmonary arteries. Dogs having Pattern 1 also had paraesophageal and esophageal varices, with the latter being confirmed by videoendoscopy examination. Authors conclude that dogs with Pattern 1 should be differentiated from dogs with other congenital vascular systemic-to-pulmonary connections. Dogs having Pattern 2 should be evaluated for underlying pleural or pulmonary diseases. Bronchoesophageal artery hypertrophy can be accompanied by esophageal venous engorgement and should be included in the differential diagnosis for esophageal and paraesophageal varices in dogs.
...
PMID:MULTIDETECTOR-ROW COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY PATTERNS OF BRONCHOESPHAGEAL ARTERY HYPERTROPHY AND SYSTEMIC-TO-PULMONARY FISTULA IN DOGS. 2596 2