Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019079 (hemoptysis)
 6,129 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Sarcoidosis ranges from asymptomatic lymphadenopathy to debilitating cavitary lung disease and involves surgeons in diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. In 89 patients two died of pulmonary insufficiency from Stage III sarcoidosis. Sixty-two patients underwent 74 diagnostic surgical procedures, with mediastinoscopy most frequently used, yielding 100 per cent diagnostic accuracy. Biopsies of other obviously diseased sites, including lung, liver and skin were effectively used. Surgical treatment of sarcoidosis involved both general and thoracic procedures in seven patients. The severity of pulmonary problems in Stage III sarcoidosis is emphasized in two patients with Aspergillus infections, hemoptysis and Aspergillus empyema with bronchopleural fistula. Sarcoidosis becomes a significant surgical problem in both diagnosis and the treatment of its complications.
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PMID:Surgical problems in sarcoidosis. 51 73

Between April 1975 and March 1978, 54 patients were treated for bronchiectasis at the University College Hospital, Ibadan. The sex distribution was equal and ages of the patients ranged from five to 67 years with a peak incidence of the disease in the third and fourth decades of life.One third of the patients had tuberculous bronchiectasis with destroyed left lung syndrome, another third had chronic sinusitis, while nine percent had sickle cell hemoglobinopathy. One case of Kartagener syndrome, pulmonary aspergillosis, poliomyelitis, and aspiration of a foreign body were associated with bronchiectasis.Factors influencing the clinical course and prognosis of this disease in this environment include life threatening hemoptysis, bilateral disease, associated lung abscess or empyema, malnutrition, and chronic anemia.Twenty-six patients were treated conservatively with one death, while 28 patients were treated surgically with three deaths. Twenty percent of the surgical patients developed recurrent bronchiectasis within one to 31/2 years, in lobes which were bronchographically free of disease prior to surgery. These findings suggest that bronchiectasis is a progressive disease and that elective surgery for localized disease probably does not affect its clinical and natural history in this environment.
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PMID:Experience with bronchiectasis in Nigeria. 52 31

Fourteen patients underwent pneumonectomy for destroyed lung or tuberculous empyema at the Shimada Municipal Hospital from September 1980 to December 1985. Mean age was 61 and ten patients were males. Cough and sputum (in 12 cases) and hemosputum or hemoptysis (in 8 cases) were common complaints. Three patients had complications in the immediate postoperative period: hemorrhagic shock, pulmonary embolism and contralateral pneumothorax. They were treated conservatively. The postoperative course was uneventful in the other patients and all complaints were reduced or disappeared. And lung function improved in 3 cases with chronic empyema compressing the mediastinum. In conclusion, pneumonectomy is one of the radical operation for destroyed lung or chronic tuberculous empyema with low pulmonary function and complaints. And the critical level are 40% of %VC and 25% of FEV1.0/pr. %VC in preoperative pulmonary function.
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PMID:[Pneumonectomy for destroyed lung or chronic tuberculous empyema]. 148 61

Hereditary hemorrhagic teleangiectasia (HHT) is known to be associated in 15% with pulmonary arterio-venous fistulas (PAVF). Symptoms and complications of these fistulas are: hemoptysis, dyspnea, hemothorax, cerebral embolization and brain abscess. We studied a family with 7 members known to have HHT. 3 had PAVF. Patient 1 died of a hemothorax and pleural empyema. PAVF were diagnosed at autopsy. Patient 2 (nephew) suffered from a cerebellar abscess. The fistula-bearing part of the lung was removed by wedge resection. Patient 3 (son of the former) had no symptoms, but the arterial PO2 was 6.7 kPa. In order to prevent complications like in his father, the patient was operated. A lobar resection was necessary to remove the fistula. The postoperative course was eventless in patients 2 and 3. We conclude, that periodical thorax X-ray studies are indicated for all members of families with HHT in order to find PAVF before complications occur. The classical treatment is resection of the fistula with as little lung tissue as possible. Good results have been reported lately with embolization of PAVF, but this method is not generally available yet.
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PMID:[Surgical indications of pulmonary arteriovenous fistulae in Osler disease]. 158 65

A 57-yr-old man with a chronic lung cavity presumed to be related to ankylosing spondylitis and/or old cavitary tuberculosis presented with hemoptysis and rapidly developed lower extremity paresis and hypoesthesia. On chest radiograph he had a left upper lobe lesion suggestive of aspergilloma combined with a large left empyema with bronchopleural fistula. Serologic analysis demonstrated precipitins and very high titer IgG antibodies to Aspergillus fumigatus antigens. Decompressive laminectomy from T1 to T5 was performed, with drainage of A. fumigatus culture-positive material from an epidural abscess compressing the spinal cord. Chest drainage was required for control of the empyema. With a total course of 3 g of intravenously administered amphotericin B, rehabilitative therapy, and chronic empyema drainage, he is now at home and ambulatory with assistance. He is also being followed by regular serum assays of IgG antibodies to Aspergillus proteins. We report the case of an apparent long-term survivor of a formerly lethal and/or nonreversible paraplegic condition. The critical factors compared with previous cases with a poor outcome would appear to be prompt neurosurgical intervention, restoration of a normal number of T-cells, effective long-term chest drainage, and high dose amphotericin treatment.
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PMID:Aspergillus epidural abscess and cord compression in a patient with aspergilloma and empyema. Survival and response to high dose systemic amphotericin therapy. 848 52

A total of seven patients with bronchial carcinoids were treated at our hospital during the period from 1975 to 1991. Debut of symptoms varied from eight months to ten years before diagnosis. Cough, copious mucus, hemoptysis and recurrent lobar pneumonias were common. Six tumours were identified by chest X-ray. All tumours were visualised bronchoscopically; five showed as cherry-red polypoid tumours, one as a necrotising tumour and one as a stenosis of the bronchus. One patient underwent pneumonectomy, three lobectomy, one bilobectomy, one segment resection and one sleeve resection and lobectomy combined. Two cases were complicated by empyema and one was not radically operated due to impaired cardiopulmonary function. None showed carcinoid syndrome. All patients are still alive, and no recurrences or metastases have appeared.
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PMID:[Bronchial carcinoid]. 161 8

A case treated with silicone stent for bronchial granulomatous stenosis caused by anastomosis after right upper sleeve lobectomy was reported. A 68-year-old man complained of atelectasis of right upper lobe due to squamous cell carcinoma was admitted to our department. We performed right upper sleeve lobectomy. Four weeks after the operation, hemoptysis and dyspnea appeared with developing local empyema. We performed closure of pleural fistula and thoracoplasty, however, did not improve the symptoms. We performed tracheotomy for deteriorating dyspnea. In addition, granulomatous stenosis of bronchial anastomotic site was observed endoscopically. We tried to insert silicone stent into stenotic site. Although, first trial was in failure, we modified the design of the stent and succeeded in fixation of the stent. The airway was completely re-opened and good patency had been maintained for 7 months until his death due to pneumonia.
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PMID:[A case of bronchial anastomotic stenosis after right upper sleeve lobectomy treated with silicone stent]. 177 97

Legionnaires' disease in a 37-year-old male who had had silicosis was reported. He was admitted because of dyspnea. The chest X-ray film and CT scan showed infiltrative shadow and swelling of mediastinal lymph nodes. Open lung biopsy was done and Legionella pneumohila was detected. REP and EM were started and infiltrative shadow of X-ray was disappeared. Pleuro-pneumonectomy and thoracoplasty were performed because of hemoptysis and postoperative empyema. The patient is now well.
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PMID:[Legionnaires' disease with mediastinal lymph nodes swelling, diagnosed by open lung biopsy--a case report]. 203 40

Emergency pulmonary resection was performed because of complicated pneumonia in eight patients (5 pneumonectomies, 2 lobectomies, 1 bilobectomy) over a 2-year period. The patients' age range was 5 months to 43 years. The indications were rapid aggravation of respiratory insufficiency in children with staphylococcal pneumonia and enlarging pneumatoceles, and massive hemoptysis in patients with chronic destructive pneumonia. Two patients died after pneumonectomy, one from contralateral aspiration and one from cardiogenic shock. Postoperative complications occurred in four cases--bronchopleural fistula and pyopneumothorax in three and thoracic empyema with massive chest-wall infection in one. Only two patients had an uneventful postoperative course. Complications of pulmonary necrosis in pneumonia may dictate urgent pulmonary resection, often pneumonectomy. Surgery will be life-saving in most cases, but high morbidity is to be expected.
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PMID:Emergency pulmonary resection for pneumonia. High morbidity and mortality. 206 57

A study of 108 cases of empyema during 18 months period showed the incidence of empyema to be 2.17%. Staph. aureus (17.6%) was the common causative organism. Response to a combination of cloxacillin and gentamicin was better than that of crystalline penicillin and gentamicin. Only 30.3% cases needed intercostal drainage for more than 2 weeks. Almost 43% cases could be discharged by 3-4 weeks after hospitalisation and 38.1% by 30-57 days. The mortality rate was 12.1%. Among the survivors, excluding 8 children who left against medical advice, all had complete recovery excepting one child in whom AFB was isolated and who developed bronchiectasis and recurrent hemoptysis, inspite of antituberculous treatment. Age of the child, antibiotic combination given and nutritional status appear to be the main factors influencing the recovery and prognosis.
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PMID:Empyema in infancy and childhood. 227 71


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