Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019079 (hemoptysis)
 6,129 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Primary endobronchial actinomycosis is rare and very uncommon without foreign body aspiration. A 70-years old nonsmoker diabetic woman was presented with hemoptysis and weight loss for two months. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy was performed because of hilar mass on her computerized tomography scan, with a presumptive diagnosis of bronchial carcinoma. It demonstrated vegetations in left upper lobe bronchus. Histologic examination of the biopsy specimen demonstrated Actinomyces infection. The patient responded well to penicillin therapy and chest X-ray completely cleared in four months. To our knowledge, the association of endobronchial actinomycosis with diabetes mellitus without presence of a foreign body has not been reported previously, and should be included in differential diagnosis with endobronchial tuberculosis or cancer in endobronchial vegetations.
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PMID:Primary endobronchial actinomycosis simulating endobronchial tuberculosis in a patient with diabetes mellitus. 1760 48

The definition of broncho-pulmonary aspergillosis infections in non-immunocompromised patients remains vague and a wide range of clinical, radiological and pathological entities have been described with a variety of names, i.e. simple aspergilloma, complex aspergilloma, semi-invasive aspergillosis, chronic necrotizing pulmonary aspergillosis, chronic cavitary and fibrosing pulmonary and pleural aspergillosis, pseudomembranous tracheobronchitis caused by Aspergillus, and invasive aspergillosis. However, these disease entities share common characteristics suggesting that they belong to the same group of pulmonary aspergillosis infectious disorders: 1- a specific diathesis responsible for the deterioration in local or systemic defenses against infection (alcohol, tobacco abuse, or diabetes); 2- an underlying bronchopulmonary disease responsible or not for the presence of a residual pleural or bronchopulmonary cavity (active tuberculosis or tuberculosis sequelae, bronchial dilatation, sarcoidosis, COPD); 3- generally, the prolonged use of low-dose oral or inhaled corticosteroids and 4- little or no vascular invasion, a granulomatous reaction and a low tendency for metastasis. There are no established treatment guidelines for broncho-pulmonary aspergillosis infection in non-immunocompromised patients, except for invasive aspergillosis. Bronchial artery embolization may stop hemoptysis in certain cases. Surgery is generally impossible because of impaired respiratory function or the severity of the comorbidity and when it is possible morbidity and mortality are very high. Numerous clinical cases and short retrospective series have reported the effect over time of the various antifungal agents available. Oral triazoles, i.e. itraconazole, and in particular voriconazole, appear to provide suitable treatment for broncho-pulmonary aspergillosis infections in non-immunocompromised patients.
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PMID:[Bronchopulmonary aspergillosis infections in the non-immunocompromised patient]. 1767 39

A 53-year-old man visited his family doctor complaining of chest pain and cough in January 2006. He had a 5-year history of uncontrolled diabetes mellitus. His illness was diagnosed as pneumonia of the left lingular division. Antibiotics were started but his pneumonia worsened repeatedly after insufficient antibiotics due to his poor compliance with medication. In addition to pneumonia, he began to have hemoptysis at the end of May and was admitted to our hospital. Contrast-enhanced CT scan on admission showed a lung abscess on the left lingular division and formation of a pulmonary pseudoaneurysm inside the abscess. Treatment with SBT/ABPC rapidly improved his condition but massive hemoptysis recurred 9 days after admission. Embolization of the bronchial artery and pulmonary pseudoaneurysm successfully controlled airway bleeding. When hemoptysis occurs due to sustained inflammation such as a lung abscess, bleeding from the pulmonary artery should be considered and a precise evaluation including contrast-enhanced CT and pulmonary angiography made.
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PMID:[A case of pulmonary artery pseudoaneurysm secondary to lung abscess]. 1776 92

This study aimed to identify the clinical characteristics of culture-positive pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) patients from a southern Taiwan hospital-based survey between August 1, 2003 and July 31, 2006. Demographics, symptoms, susceptibility patterns, sputum acid-fast bacilli (AFB) stain status and treatment outcomes were recorded. The medical records of 154 patients who presented to the Kaohsiung Municipal Hsiao-Kang Hospital were analyzed retrospectively. The mean age of patients was 59.5 years; 115 patients were male and 39 were female. Diabetes mellitus (48/154; 31.2%) was the most frequent risk factor for pulmonary TB infection. Nearly all patients (139/154; 90.3%) had a cough. Fever was only seen in 27.9% and hemoptysis in 14.9% of patients. The combined resistance rates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to the tested first-line agents were as follows: isoniazid, 3.2%; rifampin, 7.8%; ethambutol, 5.8%; and streptomycin, 2.6%. The combined resistance rate to any one of four first-line drugs was 12.3%. The combined resistance rate to ofloxacin was 3.9%. The combined resistance rate of multidrug resistant-TB was 1.9%. Sputum AFB stains were positive in 68.2% of cases. Analysis of treatment outcomes showed overall treatment success at 76.6%. The proportions of patients who died, defaulted treatment or in whom treatment failed were 16.2%, 3.9% and 0.0%, respectively. In conclusion, our study showed: (1) a higher frequency of pulmonary TB in male subjects than in other areas of Taiwan; (2) a higher frequency of cough and lower frequency of fever and hemoptysis than previous studies; (3) that the combined resistance rates to isoniazid and streptomycin were lower than both average levels in Taiwan and the global combined drug resistance rate; and (4) a higher proportion of patients responding to treatment and lower proportions of patients suffering mortality, defaulting treatment or not responding to treatment compared with other areas of Taiwan. With regard to resistance rates, the combined resistance rate to ethambutol was similar to the average level in Taiwan and higher than the global combined drug resistance rate. However, the combined resistance rate to rifampin was higher than both the average level in Taiwan and the global combined drug resistance rate. The combined resistance rates to at least any one of four first-line drugs and multidrug resistant-TB were lower than the average levels in Taiwan and higher than the global combined drug resistance rate. Our results may help to identify local variations in the disease and improve the effectiveness of TB infection control programs.
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PMID:Clinical characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis patients from a southern Taiwan hospital-based survey. 1821 65

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a known risk factor for pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). This study aimed to determine if type 2 DM alters manifestations and treatment outcome of PTB. Records of 217 consecutive culture-proven PTB patients were analysed retrospectively. The manifestations and treatment outcomes of 74 patients with type 2 DM (PTB-DM group) were compared to 143 patients without DM (PTB group). PTB-DM patients showed higher frequencies of fever, haemoptysis, positive acid-fast bacilli sputum smears, and consolidation, cavity, and lower lung field lesions on chest radiographs, and higher mortality rate. Furthermore, type 2 DM, age 65 years, and extensive radiographic disease were factors independently associated with an unfavorable outcome. This study confirmed that clinical manifestations and chest radiographs of PTB patients associated with type 2 DM significantly depart from the typical presentation. Type 2 DM seems to have a negative effect on treatment outcome of PTB.
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PMID:Impact of type 2 diabetes on manifestations and treatment outcome of pulmonary tuberculosis. 1855 25

A 52-year-old man with diabetes presented with recurrent, massive hemoptysis following pericardiectomy for pyopericardium secondary to Streptococcus viridans infection. Chest radiograph and bronchoscopic examinations revealed no bronchial cause. Computed tomography of the chest and echocardiography showed a pseudoaneurysm of the left ventricle. Surgical exploration confirmed that the pseudoaneurysm communicated with the left lung parenchyma and was the cause of recurrent intractable hemoptysis.
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PMID:Left ventricular pseudoaneurysm with infective pericarditis: a rare cause of intractable hemoptysis. 1871 50

Pulmonary Mucormycosis is an uncommon disease caused by fungi of class Zygomycetes. It occurs predminantly in an immunodeficient host most common risk factor being diabetes mellitus. The lesions are localized in the lungs or the mediastinum. We are reporting a case of 70 years old male, having cough, haemoptysis, fever and chest pain. He was on antituberculosis treatment (RHEZ) for last 10 days and was later found to have Pulmonary Mucormycosis on further evaluation.
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PMID:Pulmonary mucormycosis mimicking as pulmonary tuberculosis: a case report. 2016 66

Directly observation therapy (DOT) has been accepted as the basic method for controlling tuberculosis. The present study aimed to determine the risk factors that affect sputum culture conversion rate in the DOT managed and non-DOT managed hospitalized patients. The study was included 50 cases with positive sputum cultures between the dates April 2001-April 2002 when DOT was not applied and 60 cases between the dates May 2002-May 2003 when DOT was applied. The relation between sputum culture conversion rate and the risk factors of age, gender, cough, hemoptysis, primary drug sensitivity, high initial bacillary load, smoking and alcohol consumption, presence of diabetes mellitus (DM), and radiological dissemination were determined. In the present study, sputum culture conversion rate was found 68.3% in DOT managed patients, 62% in non-DOT managed patients. In DOT managed and non-DOT managed patients; there was no statistically significant difference between complaints of cough, sputum, night sweating, hemoptysis, DM, bacillary load, primary drug resistance and culture conversion rate. In DOT managed patients; a significant difference was determined between smoking and alcohol consumption and culture conversion rate. The factors determined above as being related with the sputum culture conversion rate were similar with the results of the other studies investigating the same topic. Despite no statistical significance, an increase in the sputum culture conversion rate in DOT managed patients, when compared with non-DOT managed patients was determined.
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PMID:Factors that effect sputum culture conversion rate in hospitalized patients with pulmonary tuberculosis who were applied directly observation therapy and non-directly observation therapy. 2051 28

This was an eight year (2000-2007) retrospective study of tuberculosis in patients admitted to the UMMC. A total of 131 cases were analyzed. Malays constituted the most cases, (43%), followed by Chinese (22%), Indians (17%) and others (18%). The majority of cases were within the 21-60 year old age group, which constituted 69.5% of the total. Males were more commonly affected (65%). Most cases were reported among Malaysians (83%). The majority of patients were unemployed (39%), followed by housewives (10%), laborers (9%), students (8%), shop assistants (7%), and other occupations (27%). The most common presenting complaints were prolonged productive cough, night sweats, fever, anorexia, weight loss (57%), hemoptysis (34%), and undifferentiated symptoms, such as prolonged diarrhea and dysphagia (9%). Sputum was positive for acid-fast bacilli (AFB) in 89%, but only 69% of cases had abnormal chest radiographs. The majority of patients (65%) developed no complications. The most common complications were pleural effusion, pneumothorax and pulmonary fibrosis. The majority of patients (82%) suffered either from diabetes mellitus, hypertension, ischemic heart disease or all 3 conditions. Regarding risk factors for tuberculosis, two were HIV positive and two were intravenous drug users. The majority of the patients (85%) did not complain of any side effects from their anti-tuberculosis treatment. Among those who did complain of side effects, the most common were nausea and vomiting (41%), drug induced hepatitis (37%), blurring of vision (11%) and skin rashes (11%). Two cases of death were reported.
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PMID:Tuberculosis: an eight year (2000-2007) retrospective study at the University of Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 2057 21

This is the third article related to a review of the literature based on data from national cystic fibrosis (CF) patient registries up to June 2008 and covering a total of 115 published studies. It focuses on several topics: CF incidence, genotype/phenotype correlation, microbiology, pregnancy/paternity, clinical complications, lung transplantation, and others. Seventy seven papers meeting the inclusion criteria were found to be related to the topics listed above. Another seven studies, already evaluated in previous papers of this series, were recalled for specific topics. Incidence is described by several studies, results being quite different from one country to another and quite inhomogeneous among regions within the same country. Studies on genetics address the genotype/phenotype correlation and look for a predictive value of CFTR mutations in terms of clinical outcome, with controversial results. Papers on microbiology describe the clinical relevance of different pathogens and their role in the progress of CF lung disease. A few articles give information on the features of CF women undergoing a pregnancy and try to identify the ones associated with a better outcome. Studies on clinical complications discuss prevalence and the role of haemoptysis, pneumothorax, CF related diabetes, ABPA and cancer. Papers on lung transplantation focus on models able to improve the selection criteria for transplantation candidates and the factors linked to post transplantation survival. Finally, several studies deal with a number of interesting topics related to CF epidemiology: clinical trial methodology, quality of care comparison among countries and centers, relationship between diagnosis and age/gender, and evaluation of pharmacological therapy. On the whole, CF Registries have already contributed to important advances in the knowledge of the natural history of CF, establishing the foundations for future improvement in CF research and care.
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PMID:An overview of international literature from cystic fibrosis registries. Part 3. Disease incidence, genotype/phenotype correlation, microbiology, pregnancy, clinical complications, lung transplantation, and miscellanea. 2125 52


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