Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0019079 (hemoptysis)
 6,129 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Factitious hemoptysis is the bleeding type of Munchausen's syndrome, rarely reported in the literature (only seventeen cases). After a careful and detailed literature review, the authors report the case of a 22-year-old working-woman, with a history of asthma, Mediterranean anaemia and recurrent hemoptysis, who was admitted several times to the cardiovascular and Respiratory Sciences Department in the Carlo Forlanini Hospital in 1994 for an asthmatic attack and wheeziness at rest. During the admissions the patient underwent laboratory tests (such as the examination of sputum specimens, urinalysis, tuberculin test, cold agglutinins and pneumotropic virus tests) and diagnostic studies (fiberoptic bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage, computerized tomography and radiography of the chest, bronchial arteriography, bronchography, perfusion and ventilation lung scan), because she continually presented with hemoptysis, in order to spot and discover the nature of the bleeding. Since such examinations failed (a few of them-namely fiberoptic bronchoscopies--were even performed when she was coughing up blood) and psychiatric consultations revealed the presence of psychologically traumatic events in the patient's history which could explain the psychopathic traits of her personality (in fact she was aggressive and unstable in interpersonal relations), a diagnosis of factitious hemoptysis in Munchausen's syndrome was made.
 ...
PMID:Munchausen's syndrome. A case of factitious hemoptysis. 1023 Feb 61

Pulmonary oedema has been described in swimmers and self-contained underwater breathing apparatus (Scuba) divers. This study reports three cases of haemoptysis secondary to alveolar haemorrhage in breath-hold divers. Contributory factors, such as haemodynamic modifications secondary to immersion, cold exposure, exercise and exposure to an increase in ambient pressure, could explain this type of accident. Furthermore, these divers had taken aspirin, which may have aggravated the bleeding.
 ...
PMID:Haemoptysis after breath-hold diving. 1023 49

Bleeding in the tracheobronchial tree in intubated patients on an intensive care unit is a potentially life-threatening incident. The antecedent state of disease and frequent respiratory failure require immediate and effective therapeutic measures to avoid further respiratory and cardiocirculatory depression. We present our bronchoscopic management of endobronchial bleeding. Cardiorespiratory function must be maintained by modification of the mechanical ventilation and drug therapy owing to the patient's condition. Seven consecutive patients with acute endobronchial bleeding were treated with fiberoptic bronchoscopy and instillation of cold epinephrine-saline solution (1:10,000-100,000) during the period of July 1997 to December 1997. Control of bleeding was achieved after 1 to 20 (mean +/- SEM: 5.86 +/- 0.93) bronchoscopic interventions during a period of 0.5 hours to 10 days. One control bronchoscopy was performed additionally in every patient. Cardiocirculatory instability was observed in five patients. Six patients survived; one patient died of uncontrolled bleeding caused by severe pulmonary aspergillosis. Fiberoptic endobronchial epinephrine instillation is an effective therapy for life-threatening hemoptysis in critically ill patients. Widespread use of flexible bronchoscopy makes this procedure immediately applicable in critical situations. Intubated and mechanically ventilated patients with life-threatening hemoptysis especially benefit from this rapidly feasible procedure.
 ...
PMID:Fiberoptic bronchoscopy of intubated patients with life-threatening hemoptysis. 1121 48

Pulmonary edema of water immersion, which is not associated with aspiration or a closed glottis, is infrequently described in the literature. Swimming-induced pulmonary edema is a syndrome whose pathophysiologic characteristics have not been fully elucidated. Immersion alone has marked effects on central vascular volume, redistribution of pulmonary blood flow, and lung volumes. These changes are more prominent in cold water. These changes, coupled with an elevated cardiac output, may expose regions of the capillary bed to high pressures that favor the extravasation of fluid by hydrostatic forces and potential stress failure of the capillaries. Patients with swimming-induced pulmonary edema present with dyspnea, cough, hypoxemia, and occasionally hemoptysis. Physical examination and chest radiographs usually reveal evidence of pulmonary edema. Treatment is symptomatic and conservative. Improvement and resolution of symptoms are usually rapid, with radiographic normalization in 24 to 48 hours. We describe here 3 cases of swimming-induced pulmonary edema.
 ...
PMID:Swimming-induced pulmonary edema. 1254 77

Respiratory emergencies in a patient with cancer can have their origin in pathologies of the airway, of the pulmonary parenchyma or the large vessels. The cause can be the tumour itself or concomitant complications. Obstruction of the airway should be initially evaluated with endoscopic procedures. Surgery is rarely possible in serious situations. The endobronchial placement of stents or radioactive isotopes (brachytherapy), tumoural ablation by laser or photodynamic therapy can quickly alleviate the symptoms and re-establish the air flow. Treatment of haemoptysis depends on the cause that is provoking it and on its quantity. Bronchoscopy continues to be the front line procedure in the majority of cases; it provides diagnostic information and can interrupt bleeding through washes with ice-cold serum, endobronchial plugging or topical injections of adrenaline or thrombin. External radiotherapy continues to be an extraordinarily useful procedure in treating haemoptysis caused by tumours and in carefully selected situations of endobronchial therapy with laser or brachytherapy, and bronchial arterial embolisation can provide a great palliative effect. Respiratory emergencies due to pulmonary parenchyma disease in the oncology patient can have a tumoural, iatrogenic or infectious cause. Early recognition of each of these will determine the administration of a specific treatment and the possibilities of success.
 ...
PMID:[Respiratory emergencies]. 1572 8

Respiratory emergencies in a patient with cancer can have their origin in pathologies of the airway, of the pulmonary parenchyma or the large vessels. The cause can be the tumour itself or concomitant complications. Obstruction of the airway should be initially evaluated with endoscopic procedures. Surgery is rarely possible in serious situations. The endobronchial placement of stents or radioactive isotopes (brachytherapy), tumoural ablation by laser or photodynamic therapy can quickly alleviate the symptoms and re-establish the air flow. Treatment of haemoptysis depends on the cause that is provoking it and on its quantity. Bronchoscopy continues to be the front line procedure in the majority of cases; it provides diagnostic information and can interrupt bleeding through washes with ice-cold serum, endobronchial plugging or topical injections of adrenaline or thrombin. External radiotherapy continues to be an extraordinarily useful procedure in treating haemoptysis caused by tumours and in carefully selected situations of endobronchial therapy with laser or brachytherapy, and bronchial arterial embolisation can provide a great palliative effect. Respiratory emergencies due to pulmonary parenchyma disease in the oncology patient can have a tumoural, iatrogenic or infectious cause. Early recognition of each of these will determine the administration of a specific treatment and the possibilities of success.
 ...
PMID:[Treatment of emesis induced by chemotherapy]. 1572 11

Acute pulmonary oedema has been described in individuals participating in three aquatic activities: (i) scuba diving; (ii) breath-hold diving; and (iii) endurance swimming. In this review, 60 published cases have been compiled for comparison. Variables considered included: age; past medical history; activity; water depth, type (salt or fresh) and temperature; clinical presentation; investigations; management; and outcome. From these data, we conclude that a similar phenomenon is occurring among scuba, breath-hold divers and swimmers. The pathophysiology is likely a pulmonary overperfusion mechanism. High pulmonary capillary pressures lead to extravasation of fluid into the interstitium. This overperfusion is caused by the increase in ambient pressure, peripheral vasoconstriction from ambient cold, and increased pulmonary blood flow resulting from exercise. Affected individuals are typically healthy males and females. Older individuals may be at higher risk. The most common symptoms are cough and dyspnoea, with haemoptysis also a frequent occurrence. Chest pain has never been reported. Radiography is the investigation of choice, demonstrating typical findings for pulmonary oedema. Management is supportive, with oxygen the mainstay of treatment. Cases usually resolve within 24 hours. In some cases, diuretics have been used, but there are no data as to their efficacy. Nifedipine has been used to prevent recurrence, but there is only anecdotal evidence to support its use.
 ...
PMID:Pulmonary oedema of immersion. 1573 Mar 35

Pulmonary edema occurring in divers using a self-contained underwater breathing apparatus (scuba) is an uncommon, probably under-reported, but potentially life-threatening and recurrent condition. We report six episodes of pulmonary edema in five scuba divers seen during a period of 15 months. The four men and one woman ranged in age from 37 to 56 years and two were treated for hypertension. Symptoms were mostly dyspnea onset at depth, cough, hemoptysis and hypoxemia, which in the recurrent case led to cardiac arrest and death. All cases occurred in rather cold water. Findings on thoracic computed tomography (CT) scanning ranged from pleural effusion to ground-glass opacities restricted to a few areas of the lung. The complex underlying mechanisms that would contribute to a raised transalveolar pressure or to a disruption of the blood-gas barrier are discussed. It is important for emergency care providers to be aware of this syndrome for prompt recognition and optimal treatment.
 ...
PMID:Pulmonary edema in scuba divers: recurrence and fatal outcome. 1579 13

This report describes a case of cardiac right auricle rupture (RAR) in a flock of 11,500 broilers that were 14 days old. The birds were housed at an altitude of 300 m, with an external temperature of -10 degrees C and an internal temperature of 15 degrees C. There was 3.6% mortality, due to sudden deaths, from 10 to 14 days of age. All necropsied birds had haemopericardium due to RAR at the point of the junction with the vena cava, and 85% of them had blood in the oral cavity and external acoustic meatus. The vena cava and its caudal branches, the intestinal vessels, and the sinus durae matris and sinus saggitalis were distended. Histological examination showed haemorrhages into the myocardium, degeneration of the cardiac muscle fibres, as well as oedema of the lungs and hypertrophy of the smooth muscle bundles of the parabronchial walls. Blood in the mouth of the broilers may have been due to haemoptysis, which in humans is caused mainly by mitral stenosis. In broilers, mitral stenosis and/or insufficiency, and left ventricular failure with consequent pulmonary hypertension (PH) were considered as possible triggers for right ventricular failure. The alarm reaction in hypoxaemia, due to secondary factors such as cold, caused tachycardia and tachypnoea, may have induced further elevation of PH, and acute myocardial infarction causing cardiac rupture and haemopericardium in this case. Hypertension and PH, due to possible mitral stenosis/insufficiency in association with acute myocardial ischaemia, were probably the determinant factors causing this acute episode. This opens the possibility that the RAR may be cardiogenic.
 ...
PMID:Rupture of the right auricle in broiler chickens. 1623 69

Swimming-Induced Pulmonary Oedema (SIPE) has been described in military combat swimmers in both the US and Israeli Navies. The pathophysiology is explained by the immersion in cold water, and its effects on central vascular volume. SIPE has been hypothesized to be caused by pulmonary capillary stress failure (PCSF) due to elevations in pulmonary capillary transmural pressure. This leads to mechanical impairment and leakage of blood cells and proteins from capillaries. Patients with SIPE can present with pronounced dyspnoea, cough, hypoxemia and profuse frothy haemoptysis. Physical examination and chest X-rays usually show evidence of pulmonary oedema. The treatment of choice is to recognize the symptoms, get the patient out of the water and follow with close observation for emergent problems. Soldiers prone to acquire SIPE should be identified as this medical condition has a high degree of recurrence. The awareness of the symptoms of SIPE will increase appropriate diagnosis and therefore inform treatment.
 ...
PMID:Swimming-induced pulmonary oedema--a hazard in intensive military training? 2127 62


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 Next >>