Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019079 (hemoptysis)
 6,129 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The incidence of bronchiectasis (BCT) has probably decreased in developed countries in recent years, but reliable statistical data on its occurrence are still lacking. The aim of the present study was to retrospectively evaluate the prevalence, age distribution and aetiology of BCT, diagnosed in a selected series of symptomatic patients of a Western country by using bronchography. The authors analysed the main known predisposing and associated conditions (PACs), and the occurrence and age distribution of BCT in 144 consecutive patients who underwent bronchological examination (fibreoptic bronchoscopy and bronchography) in the years 1987-1994 because of recurrent purulent bronchitis and/or haemoptysis. The overall prevalence of BCT was 34% (49/144); its age distribution was: 17.2% (0-10 yrs), 43.7% (11-20 yrs), 38% (21-30 yrs), 37.5% (31-40 yrs), 33.3% (41-50 yrs), 40% (51-60 yrs), and 20% (61-70 yrs). Thirty-one PACs were found in 29/144 patients of the whole study group. The prevalence of BCT was significantly higher in the subgroup of 29 patients with PACs than in the subgroup of 115 patients without PACs (75.9% versus 23.5%; p < 0000001). The aetiology of BCT was mainly unexplained, as it was only possible to detect 24 PACs in 22/49 patients with BCT (44.9%): congenital, genetic and immune disorders (eight), localized airways obstructive diseases (five), pulmonary infections (three), bronchial asthma (two), pulmonary lobar fibrosis (two), ulcerative colitis (two), dermatomiositis (one), and toxin inhalation (one). The authors conclude that bronchiectasis still occurs in a large percentage of symptomatic patients of a developed country in the post-antimicrobial era, especially in the second to sixth decades, as well as in the presence of predisposing and associated conditions; its aetiology remains unknown in more than half of cases.
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PMID:Prevalence, age distribution and aetiology of bronchiectasis: a retrospective study on 144 symptomatic patients. 1094 67

Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) are useful serologic markers for the diagnosis and management of patients with Wegener's granulomatosis (WG) and microscopic polyangiitis (MPA). However, problems in diagnosis and classification may occur when patients with other disorders develop ANCA. A 7-year review (1993-1999) disclosed 247 patients whose sera tested positively for ANCA by an indirect immunofluorescence method: 166 patients for cytoplasmic-ANCA (C-ANCA) and 81 patients for perinuclear-ANCA (P-ANCA) Twenty-seven patients had active pulmonary disease and underwent open-lung biopsy or transbronchial biopsy. Eight patients (30%) had a disease other than WG or MPA, and their clinical, pathological, and serological findings were reviewed. The patients, all women, ranged in age from 28 to 77 years (median, 37 y). Dyspnea (n = 6), cough (n = 6), chest pain (n = 2), and/or hemoptysis (n = 2) were present. The duration of symptoms lasted from 3 weeks to 6 years (median, 6 mo). ANCA titers were C-ANCA (n = 4; range, 1:40-1280) or P-ANCA (n = 4; range, 1:40-640). The lung biopsies disclosed nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (n = 4), bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (n = 1), diffuse alveolar damage (n = 1), organizing diffuse alveolar hemorrhage without capillaritis (n = 1), and necrotic granuloma (n = 1). No cases showed characteristic histology for WG or MPA. The final diagnoses were various connective tissue disorders (n = 5), chronic hypersensitivity pneumonia (n = 1), postinfectious bronchitis/bronchiectasis (n = 1), and ulcerative colitis-related lung disease (n = 1). Surgical pathologists should be aware that significantly elevated ANCA titers may be associated with diverse forms of pulmonary disease. ANCA positivity alone, in the absence of appropriate clinical or pathologic findings, should not be used to substantiate a diagnosis of WG or MPA.
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PMID:Antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody in the absence of Wegener's granulomatosis or microscopic polyangiitis: implications for the surgical pathologist. 1242 4

A 58-year-old woman with Goodpasture syndrome and active ulcerative colitis is described. On admission, the patient had exertional dyspnea, hemoptysis, severe hypertension, and peripheral edema. Her serum levels of urea nitrogen and creatinine were increased, and her hemoglobin concentration was reduced. The patient had a rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis with acute renal failure. She was treated with methylprednisolone, cyclophosphamide, and plasmapheresis but failed to regain renal function. Circulating anti-glomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM) antibody was positive; however, serum antinuclear antibody, proteinase-3-antineutrophil cytoplasm antibody and myeloperoxidase-antineutrophil cytoplasm antibody were negative. Nineteen months after initial presentation, she developed abdominal pain and severe diarrhea. These symptoms did not improve with conventional treatment. Colonoscopy performed after 3 months showed multiple ulcers in the colon. She was diagnosed with ulcerative colitis. She underwent granulocyte and monocyte adsorption apheresis once per week for 5 weeks. At 8 weeks, her symptoms had improved; her stool number was markedly decreased, and the bloody stools and abdominal pain disappeared. These results suggest that granulocyte and monocyte apheresis may be of benefit in the therapy of a patient with ulcerative colitis who previously had Goodpasture syndrome
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PMID:Granulocyte and monocyte adsorption apheresis in a patient with antiglomerular basement membrane glomerulonephritis and active ulcerative colitis. 1279 51

The pulmonary manifestations of ulcerative colitis (UC) are rare and include inflammation of small and large airways, parenchymal disease and serositis among others. A substantial proportion of patients with inflammatory bowel disease, particularly those with ulcerative colitis presents positive ANCA, most p-ANCA pattern. We present a case of patient with ulcerative colitis, with positive c-ANCA, which progressed to hemoptysis associated with radiological findings consistent with pulmonary vasculitis.
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PMID:c-ANCA associated vasculitis in patients with ulcerative colitis: case report. 2431 2

Ochroconis gallopava is an anamorphic mould characterized by slow growth rate and production of a maroon pigment, which has been isolated worldwide from soil, thermal springs, decaying vegetation, and chicken litter. It has been reported to cause localized, mostly pulmonary, and systemic infection in severely immunocompromised patients. We describe the case of a 76-year-old woman known for ulcerative colitis-related bronchiectasis treated with low dose oral steroids, who developed a fungal bronchitis with dark, bloody-like, sputum which was initially misinterpreted as haemoptysis. A filamentary mould grew on sputum culture, and was identified by DNA analysis as Ochroconis gallopava. We observed a significant clinical improvement after 6 weeks of itraconazole therapy.
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PMID:Ochroconis gallopava bronchitis mimicking haemoptysis in a patient with bronchiectasis. 2888 72

Takayasu arteritis (TAK) is a large-vessel vasculitis affecting the aorta and its main branches. Hemoptysis can be experienced as the respiratory manifestation, but origination from a bronchial artery is rare. Ulcerative colitis (UC) shares genetic similarities with TAK; HLA-B52*01 is associated with TAK and UC. We herein report a patient who presented with hemoptysis from the right bronchial artery and was diagnosed with TAK during the follow-up of UC. Transcatheter embolization was performed, and prednisolone and tocilizumab induced remission. Complication of TAK should be considered in the clinical course of HLA-B52-positive UC patients, and tocilizumab may be a treatment option.
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PMID:Hemoptysis Originating from the Bronchial Artery in Takayasu Arteritis with Ulcerative Colitis. 3014