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Query: UMLS:C0019079 (hemoptysis)
 6,129 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Serum amylase level was examined in 129 cases (225 episodes) of chronic respiratory failure at acute exacerbation, and in 59 cases (62 episodes) of pneumonia without respiratory failure as a control. Cases accompanying diseases, such as acute pancreatitis, parotiditis, ileus, and renal dysfunction, which were expected to develop hyperamylasemia were excluded. The 225 episodes were divided according to the cause of acute exacerbation into 4 groups: pneumonia, bronchitis, right heart failure without infection, and others (e.g. hemoptysis). Hyperamylasemia (greater than 400 S-U) was observed in groups of pneumonia (15/40 = 35.5%) and of bronchitis (12/95 = 12.6%) respectively, but not in those of right heart failure without infection (0/73 = 0%) and others (0/17 = 0%). As a result, hyperamylasemia was found only under conditions of inflammation of lung parenchyma and bronchi with acute exacerbation of respiratory failure. On the other hand no hyperamylasemia was observed in 62 episodes of only pneumonia without respiratory failure. It was concluded that both respiratory tract infection and acute respiratory failure are necessary factors for development of hyperamylasemia originating from lung or bronchi.
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PMID:[Hyperamylasemia in acute exacerbation in patients with chronic respiratory failure]. 247 78

The authors analysed 116 hospitalized patients who, in their routine cytologic examination of the sputum, had also a cytomorphologic finding of lymphocytes. The greatest majority of these patients, 63 of them or 54.3% suffered from malignant neoplasm. Out of these 63 patients, 53 of them or 45.7% suffered from primary bronchial carcinoma, whereas 10 patients or 8.6% had non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, metastatic lung cancer of extrathoracic primary localization, Hodgkin's lymphoma, while two patients were supposed to have lung neoplasm. Our study also revealed that 14 patients (out of 116 hospitalized patients) or 12.0% suffered from broncho-pleuropneumonia, 13 or 11.2% from an active pulmonary tuberculosis, 7 or 6.0% from a chronic obstructive bronchitis, 5.1% from sarcoidosis, 3.4% from post tuberculosis pulmonary changes while 2.5% of the patients were found to have a pleural empyema. One case of bronchial asthma, tuberculous pleurisy, bronchiectasis, hamartoma, hemoptysis and a pulmonary infarction were found as well. Due to their own experience the authors conclude that the lymphocytes in the sputum were found to be the most frequent in patients suffering from primary bronchial carcinoma, broncho-pleuropneumonia and pulmonary tuberculosis but that they could also be found in many others pathologic changes of pulmonary parenchyma.
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PMID:[Lymphocytes in sputum]. 263 95

A retrospective study to examine the underlying causes of hemoptysis in patients undergoing diagnostic bronchoscopy was conducted. We found hemoptysis to be caused by bronchitis in 55 (37%) of 148, bronchogenic carcinoma in 28 (19%) of 148, tuberculosis in 10 (7%) of 148, and bronchiectasis in 1 (1%) of 148 patients. Compared with previous studies, it appears that hemoptysis is less likely to be caused by bronchiectasis or tuberculosis while hemoptysis caused by bronchitis has increased proportionately. The rate of occurrence of hemoptysis caused by bronchogenic carcinoma has not changed significantly. All patients with underlying bronchogenic carcinoma had a positive smoking history and abnormal chest roentgenogram. The rate of hemoptysis was not a good indicator of the underlying disease.
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PMID:Changing spectrum of hemoptysis. Underlying causes in 148 patients undergoing diagnostic flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy. 274 42

The smoking of clove cigarettes has been associated with 13 cases of serious illness in the United States, including hemorrhagic pulmonary edema, pneumonia, bronchitis, and hemoptysis. We describe a patient in whom, after she smoked a clove cigarette, pneumonia complicated by lung abscess developed. Her lung disease may have been caused by aspiration pneumonia as a consequence of pharyngolaryngeal anesthesia from clove cigarette smoke. Clove cigarettes appeal to adolescents experimenting with smoking practices and may influence the development of later smoking habits.
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PMID:Clove cigarettes. The basis for concern regarding health effects. 277 82

The etiologic factors of major (greater than or equal to 200 ml/24 hr) and massive (greater than or equal to 1,000 ml/24 hr) hemoptysis may well affect the outcome and, therefore, the treatment of this often life-threatening problem. the decline in the incidence of tuberculosis (TB) and bronchiectasis, along with the increase in bronchitis and neoplasia, have led to a strong institutional bias against operating on patients with major and massive hemoptysis. A retrospective case study and an extensive literature review were undertaken to critically evaluate this policy. Fifty-nine consecutive patients with major hemoptysis, 26 of whom had massive hemoptysis, were identified from 887 patients seen in our institution over a 10-year period. Only four of these 59 patients underwent surgery, while 55 were managed conservatively. Etiologic factors, operability, and bleeding rate all appeared to play a major role in outcome. No patients with bronchitis, bronchiectasis, tuberculosis, or who were on anticoagulation therapy died compared to a mortality rate of 59% in patients with carcinoma (CA) of the lung and 71% in patients with leukemia. Eleven percent of operable patients treated conservatively died compared to a 46% mortality rate for nonoperable patients. And, 9% of patients with bleeding rates less than 1,000 ml/24 hr died compared to 58% of those with greater than or equal to 1,000 ml/24 hr. Conservative management appears to have a low mortality in patients with non-tuberculosis-related major hemoptysis as well as in many patients with massive hemoptysis, especially those patients who are operable and those without neoplastic disease.
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PMID:Major and massive hemoptysis: reassessment of conservative management. 342 80

Bronchography was performed together with a fibre-optic bronchoscopic study in 98 patients with persistent cough, 33 of whom also had haemoptysis. Finally there were chronic bronchitis in 62 patients, bronchiectasis in 21, subacute bronchitis in 9, inflammatory residuals in 3, pulmonary tuberculosis in 2 patients and metastases in one. In chronic bronchitis, the value of plain chest radiography was low. It was normal in 34 of 62 cases (55%), bronchography in 12 cases (19%). Mild cases of bronchitis were more numerous in bronchography than seen by scopist. Bronchiectasis was found in 21 patients, four of these unexpectedly (two in a tbc scar). Additionally, three cases were overdiagnosed by the radiologist on chest films and eight cases by the scopist with bronchoscopy. In patients with persistent cough and haemoptysis, bronchography mainly revealed alterations of bronchitis.
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PMID:Bronchography in patients with persistent cough. 399 37

During the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis, the radiologist is often asked the following questions: 1) is it really TB?; 2) is there any improvement?; 3) when is the X-ray check-up required?. In our opinion, the radiologist is in a position: 1) to confirm the diagnosis of TB; 2) to give a radiological diagnosis of "abnormality" but without a prognostic opinion; 3) to suggest, case by case, when the X-ray check-up is required. After some month or years, when radiological-clinical sequelae are present, the radiologist is often asked equally difficult questions: 1) is it still TB?; 2) is it still active?; 3) could it have caused the hemoptysis?. Again, in our opinion, the radiologist must bear in mind: 1) the not infrequent possibility of reinfections; 2) that the fine, smooth contour of the cavity, whose shape remains unchanged, does not necessarily signify absence of activity; 3) that, at the present time, other illnesses (bronchitis, bronchiectasis, lung cancer) are more frequently the cause of hemoptysis.
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PMID:[Evolution and radiologic sequelae of pulmonary tuberculosis]. 400 May 30

The first natural infection due to Penicillium marneffei in a human was reported in the United States in 1973. We describe a second case of penicilliosis marneffei that was diagnosed in Florida. In both instances, the patients had a history of travel in Southeast Asia where P. marneffei is endemic. The Florida patient had recurrent episodes of hemoptysis attributed to bronchitis and bronchiectasis. In spite of therapy with various antibacterial antibiotics for tuberculosis, the granulomatous lesions in the left upper lobe of the lungs persisted. The diagnosis of penicilliosis marneffei was established by isolating and identifying the dimorphic species of Penicillium, P. marneffei. The histopathologic features of the lung tissue included granulomata with central areas of necrosis and neutrophilic infiltration with many yeast-like, tissue-form cells of P. marneffei, which multiplied by a fission rather than a budding process.
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PMID:Imported penicilliosis marneffei in the United States: report of a second human infection. 650 16

We analyzed the records of 129 consecutive patients with hemoptysis to evaluate whether or not early (during hemoptysis or during the 48 h after hemoptysis stopped) fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FB) more frequently localized and/or diagnosed the source of bleeding and influenced clinical outcome than delayed FB (48 h or more after hemoptysis stopped). Patients were divided into 3 groups on the basis of their final diagnoses: neoplasm (31 patients), bronchitis/bronchiectasis (52 patients), and miscellaneous (46 patients). Although the likelihood of visualizing active bleeding (41 versus 8%) or its site (34 versus 11%) was significantly higher with early versus delayed FB, respectively, neither active bleeding nor a bleeding site were visualized in at least 60% of the 92 patients who underwent early FB. Definitive (endoscopic) diagnoses by early or delayed FB occurred primarily in patients with neoplasm. Clinical outcome based on the results of FB was not significantly different between the early and delayed groups. Thus, early, single FB was generally neither diagnostic nor therapeutically decisive in these patients with hemoptysis.
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PMID:Clinical efficacy of early and delayed fiberoptic bronchoscopy in patients with hemoptysis. 728 54

A 21-year-old man suffered from cough, dyspnoea and hemoptysis following accidental aspiration of petroleum. Chest x-ray and computerized tomography one day after the aspiration showed infiltrates in the lower fields. Fiberbronchoscopy revealed severe bronchitis without any signs of necrosis. Flunisolide inhalation (200 micrograms/d) and intravenous application of prednisolone (50 mg/d) and clindamycine (600 mg/d) improved pulmonary function within a few days. The infiltrates resolved over the following two weeks. This favourable result clearly shows that conservative treatment has a role in petroleum aspiration.
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PMID:[Aspiration of petroleum by a "fire-eater"]. 764 61


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