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Query: UMLS:C0019079 (hemoptysis)
 6,129 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Both inherited and acquired immunodeficiency and chronic pulmonary disease predispose to the development of a variety of pulmonary syndromes in response to Aspergillus, a fungus that is ubiquitous in the environment. These syndromes include invasive aspergillosis, which is now recognized to occur in patients with critical illness without neutropenia and in those with mild degrees of immunosuppression, including from corticosteroid use in the setting of COPD. Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis includes simple aspergilloma, which is occasionally complicated by life-threatening hemoptysis, and progressive destructive cavitary disease requiring antifungal therapy. Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis occurs almost exclusively in patients with asthma or cystic fibrosis. Recent advances in each of these syndromes include a greater understanding of the underlying pathophysiology and hosts at risk; improved diagnostic algorithms; and the availability of more effective and well-tolerated therapies. Improvement in outcomes for Aspergillus pulmonary syndromes requires that physicians recognize the varied and sometimes subtle presentations, be aware of populations at risk of illness, and institute potentially life-saving therapies early in the disease course.
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PMID:Diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary aspergillosis syndromes. 2536 72

A previously healthy 10-year-old female reported a 1-month history of wheezing and hemoptysis. Initial evaluation and treatment were focused on refractory reactive airway disease and infectious etiologies prompted by her recent travels in Africa. Worsening respiratory distress prompted emergent evaluation with imaging and endoscopy. Bronchoscopy diagnosed a distal tracheal tumor; pathology of this tumor was benign fibrous histiocytoma. Successful management of this condition included imaging, rigid bronchoscopy with biopsy, and tracheal resection to surgically excise the lesion. Although rare, tracheal tumors should be considered when presentation of asthma is atypical and nonresponsive to medical interventions.
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PMID:Pediatric tracheal tumor masked by a history of travel: case report and literature review. 2537 1

Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis is a pulmonary disease occurring in patients with asthma or cystic fibrosis, consequent to a dysregulated immune response to inhaled Aspergillus conidia. The usual presentation is with poorly controlled asthma. Patients may also present with expectoration of mucus plugs, hemoptysis, constitutional symptoms and radiological opacities. Patients may experience smoldering lung destruction despite well-controlled asthma. With emerging data, the diagnostic criteria transcribed by an International Expert Committee in 2013 are the latest evidence-based guidelines. Herein, we utilize a case-based approach to elaborate on the diagnosis of this disease. The review intends to provide a lucid understanding of the diagnostic process for the expert as well as the primary physician, involved in management of this enigmatic disorder.
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PMID:Diagnosis of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis: a case-based approach. 2540 88

A 41-year-old woman with a background of asthma was preparing for a party on New Year's Eve when she developed a mild wheeze. Concerned her symptoms would develop and impact on festivities, she located her uncapped salbutamol inhaler in her handbag. Ignoring the coarse rattle as she shook it, she proceeded to take a deep inspiration. Instantly, she felt a painful scratch in her pharynx followed by a harsh cough, which persisted over the next few minutes and became associated with haemoptysis. She was taken to the accident and emergency department. Chest X-ray revealed a radiodense foreign body in the distal right main bronchus. During endoscopy, an earring, causing subtotal occlusion in the right lower lobe bronchus was found and extracted. Her observations remained within normal limits throughout. The importance of replacing caps on inhalers when not in use is illustrated and should be encouraged when inhaler technique is taught or reviewed.
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PMID:Treasure in the chest. 2585 22

Hemoptysis is the expectoration of blood from the lung parenchyma or airways. The initial step in the evaluation is determining the origin of bleeding. Pseudohemoptysis is identified through the history and physical examination. In adults, acute respiratory tract infections (e.g., bronchitis, pneumonia), bronchiectasis, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and malignancy are the most common causes. Tuberculosis is a major cause of hemoptysis in endemic regions of the world. Although tuberculosis rates are low in the United States, they are increased in persons who are homeless or who were born in other countries; consideration for testing should be made on an individual basis. Hemodynamic instability, abnormal gas exchange, cardiopulmonary comorbidities, and lesions at high risk of massive bleeding warrant inpatient evaluation. Chest radiography is recommended as the initial diagnostic test for hemodynamically stable patients with hemoptysis. Further evaluation with computed tomography with or without bronchoscopy is recommended in patients with massive hemoptysis, those with abnormal radiographic findings, and those with risk factors for malignancy despite normal radiographic findings.
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PMID:Hemoptysis: evaluation and management. 2595 25

Bronchial carcinoid tumors (BCTs) are an uncommon group of lung tumors. They commonly affect the young adults and the middle aged, the same age group affected by other more common chronic lung conditions such as pulmonary tuberculosis. Diagnosis is commonly missed or delayed due to a low index of suspicion. Surgery is the mainstay of treatment with an excellent outcome. There are many reports of this rare group of tumors in the Western and Asian regions. The only report around our sub-region is a post mortem report of an atypical variant. We wish to report a case of the typical variant and increase our index of suspicion. A 25-year-old male presented with a 4 years history of cough and haemoptysis. He was repeatedly treated for bronchial asthma and pulmonary tuberculosis with no improvement of symptoms. Chest X-ray and chest computed tomography scan revealed a left upper lobe tumor. Histology reported a typical variant of BCT which was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. He had a left upper lobectomy and has done excellently well thereafter. A high index of suspicion is needed to reduce the risk of missing or delaying the diagnosis.
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PMID:Bronchial carcinoid tumors: A rare malignant tumor. 2609 54

Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis (IPH) is a rare disorder with unknown pathogenesis that usually presents in the first decade of life. As a result of diffuse alveolar hemorrhage, respiratory symptoms such as cough attacks, hemoptysis, dyspnea, and recurrent and refractory iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) are observed. We present an 8-year-old girl who was followed up with recurrent IDA and allergic asthma and later diagnosed with IPH. IPH was confirmed by the presence of hemosiderin-laden macrophages in bronchoalveolar lavage obtained by bronchoscopy and exclusion of the secondary causes of pulmonary hemosiderosis. Glucocorticoids and iron supplementation were started. Clinical and laboratory improvement was observed with therapy. Our case illustrates that refractory/recurrent IDA with any pulmonary symptoms may be the only presenting feature of IPH.
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PMID:Idiopathic Pulmonary Hemosiderosis With Allergic Asthma Diagnosis in a Pediatric Patient. 2624 28

A 35-year-old man presented to the accident and emergency department with history of productive cough, breathlessness and some weight loss over several weeks. He had a past medical history of asthma and eczema. He mentioned that, at times, he had been expectorating sputum with some haemoptysis over the past few months. He was of Bangladeshi origin, but had been resident in the UK since 1986 and last visited Bangladesh a year ago. He was a smoker of 10-15 cigarettes per day. He also admitted to smoking heroin. In addition to his respiratory symptoms he also complained of vomiting, which was precipitated by eating. He denied bowel or urinary symptoms.
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PMID:Case report: Sudden cardiac death in a young man. 2630 5

Bronchial thermoplasty has been found to be a safe and effective therapy for severe asthma. We report the case of a mediastinal hematoma and hemothorax developing in a 66-year-old woman several days after an uneventful bronchial thermoplasty of the right lower lobe. Evaluation revealed a bleeding right bronchial artery pseudoaneurysm. Pseudoaneuryms have been reported in association with other procedures involving the therapeutic application of thermal energy, and a single case of hemoptysis requiring bronchial artery embolization occurred in a clinical trial of bronchial thermoplasty. However, bronchial artery pseudoaneurysm with hemomediastinum and hemothorax has not previously been reported after bronchial thermoplasty.
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PMID:Bronchial Artery Pseudoaneurysm With Major Hemorrhage After Bronchial Thermoplasty. 2705 18

Primary tracheobronchial tumors are rare lesions that can be benign or malignant, with different location along the airway tree. Symptoms may include wheezing, chronic pneumonia, asthma, chest pain, recurrent cough, atelectasis, haemoptysis, and weight loss. Due to the heterogeneity of symptoms, diagnosis can be difficult and the airway involvement can lead progressively to a bronchial or tracheal obstruction. Due to the rarity of primary tracheobronchial tumors in children, there are not any oncological guidelines on pre-operative work-up, treatment, and follow-up. Only few reports and multicentric studies are reported. In most cases, surgical resection seems to be the treatment of choice. Brachytherapy, endoscopic treatment, and chemotherapy are rarely described. In this article we present an overview on these rare tumors, including pathological aspects, clinical presentation, imaging assessment, and endoscopic or open surgical treatments. We discuss different surgical approaches, according with tumor location.
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PMID:Primary tracheobronchial tumors in children. 2730 1


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