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Query: UMLS:C0019079 (hemoptysis)
 6,129 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We report a successful surgical treatment of an infective thoracic aortic aneurysm ruptured to the left lung. A 63-year-old man who had been suffering from fever and cough showed twice of hemoptysis. Chest CT revealed a descending thoracic aortic aneurysm ruptured to the left lung. A semiemergent operation was performed. At operation, aneurysm of descending thoracic aorta was found adherent to the left lung. Aneurysmectomy with left pneumonectomy was carried out. The postoperative course of the patient was uneventful. Conceivably, in order to avoid massive intraoperative bleeding during division of dense adhesion and postoperative graft infection, concomitant lung resection is necessary.
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PMID:[A case of infective thoracic aortic aneurysm ruptured to the lung]. 975 43

The most frequent chest X-ray finding of descending thoracic aortic aneurysm is an enlargement of medial mediastinum. Haemoptysis caused by thoracic aortic aneurysm is rare and, normally, when it occurs, it is due to an aorto-bronchopulmonary fistula. We report the case of an 88 year-old male, heavy smoker with arterial hypertension, who had been operated on for abdominal aneurysm five years before, whose unique symptom was scant haemoptysis and radiologically presented a cavity mass in the upper left lobe. Autopsy revealed that the pulmonary cavity mass was due to a descending thoracic aortic aneurysm.
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PMID:Thoracic aortic aneurysm: a new etiology of pulmonary cavity. 1035 Jan 19

Hemoptysis is a rare manifestation of dissecting aortic aneurysm and aortobronchial fistula may occur when an aortic aneurysm is mycotic, atherosclerotic, traumatic or postoperative. Aortobronchial fistulas are generally fatal if not treated surgically. An aggressive diagnostic approach to patients with hemoptysis and prompt surgical intervention in those suspected of aortobronchial fistulas should result in additional survivors. Imaging studies, including chest radiography, chest computerized tomography, arteriography and bronchoscopy provide useful diagnostic information. However, challenges remain when we encounter this condition. Sometimes, the final exsanguinating hemorrhage is preceded by a distinct prodromal period of intermittent hemoptysis. This allows clinicians time to recognize such fistulas and perform emergency surgery. We present a patient with this condition to alert clinicians to this potentially deadly cause of hemoptysis.
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PMID:Fatal hemoptysis in dissecting aortic aneurysm and salmonellosis: a case report. 1057 11

Aortobronchic fistula is a very unusual complication of thoracic aneurysm. We report the case of a 71-year old man with rupture of a thoracic aortic aneurysm in the left main bronchus. The patient had suffered a car crash fifteen years ago, without any evidence of aortic rupture at the time. Thereafter, he developed an aortic isthmic dilation (36 mm in diameter). The patient suffered from long standing pulmonary insufficiency and emphysema and was admitted several times on an urgent basis for acute dyspnea. During an hospitalization for respiratory distress, he presented haemoptysis and left lung hyperinflation secondary to partial fistulization and extrinsic compression of the main left bronchus. Isthmic aortic resection and prosthetic grafting was performed and the left main bronchus was closed by an autologous pericardial patch. Ten days later, following an air-leak from the bronchial closure, a transposed latissimus dorsi flap was used by the plastic surgeon to repair the defect. Nevertheless, the patient died from multisystemic failure six weeks later.
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PMID:Rupture of a thoracic aneurysm in the left bronchus. 1092 18

This case report describes a patient in whom a descending aortic aneurysm ruptured into the left lung, producing hemoptysis. With transesophageal echocardiography, we were able to define the site and extent of the aneurysm, as well as the two sites of rupture into lung tissue.
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PMID:Transesophageal echocardiographic identification of a descending aortic aneurysm rupture into the left lung. 1097 93

A 79 years old patient developed a large pulmonary aspergilloma in the cavities of his right upper lobe after postinfarctional pneumonia with local abscess formation. The clinical follow-up was characterized by recurrent hemoptysis resulting in marked anemia as well as by a continuous growth of the mycetoma. Suddenly a purulent gangrene of the whole upper lobe occurred infected by actinomyces israelii and staphylococcus but not aspergillus as it could be demonstrated in specimens from repeated transthoracic needle aspirations. After percutaneously inserted chest-tube drainage during 30 days the upper lobe cavity cleared up and the previously impressive aspergilloma had disappeared completely, however, the serum precipitins from aspergillus fumigatus still remained positive. After a course of several months without further pulmonary complications the patient finally died from a ruptured aortic aneurysm. It is suggested, that the spontaneous lysis of the aspergilloma was due to a deprivation of it' nutritive basis by the infected pulmonary tissue. A similar mechanism may also account for a sometimes successful treatment of pulmonary aspergilloma after injection of an amphotericin containing paste as a novel therapeutic strategy which is recommended in the case of patient's inoperable conditions.
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PMID:[Spontaneous lysis of pulmonary aspergillosis: "Aspergillus destroyed by Actinomyces"]. 1107 23

We reported a rare case of tuberculous aneurysm of the aorta managed successfully with urgent surgical therapy. A 35-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital complaining of fatigue and hemoptysis. Laboratory tests showed severe anemia, slight liver dysfunction, elevated level of C-reactive protein, and negative syphilis serologies. The chest roentgenogram revealed widening of right upper mediastinum, two nodular shadows in right middle lobe, and left-sided infiltration shadow with pleural effusion. The pleural effusion was bloody and its level of adenosine deaminase was normal. Culture of pleural effusion specimen remained negative. A computed tomography scans of the chest revealed an aortic aneurysm on the aortic hiatus. Rapid increase in pleural effusion was followed by hemothorax a few hours later. After operation, she received antituberculosis therapy. Histopathologically, the resected lung showed inflammatory process including granulation of giant cells and epithelioid cells. The specimens of the aortic aneurysm revealed rupture of whole layer of aortic wall and inflammatory cell infiltrations. These findings suggested that the case to be a tuberculous aneurysm of the aorta. Therefore, we diagnosed the case as the rupture of tuberculous aneurysm of the aorta.
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PMID:[A case of tuberculous aneurysm of the aorta]. 1110 73

From January 1991 through December 1999, 5 consecutive patients who were infected with human immunodeficiency virus presented in need of cardiac surgery. All were men; the median age was 44 years. Two of them presented with mitral and aortic infectious valve endocarditis, 1 with tricuspid endocarditis, 1 with prosthetic valve endocarditis, and 1 with pericarditis and pericardial tamponade. Under cardiopulmonary bypass, the 4 patients with endocarditis underwent these procedures: mitral and aortic valve replacement (2), tricuspid valve replacement (1), and aortic valve replacement (reoperation) and concomitant repair of a mycotic ascending aortic aneurysm (1). In the patient who had pericardial effusion, subxifoid pericardiostomy and drainage were performed, and a pericardial window was created. There was no intraoperative mortality. The patient with pericardial effusion died 8 days after surgery; he was in septic shock and had multiple organ failure. Two deaths occurred at 2 and 63 months, due to hemoptysis and sudden death, respectively. The 2 patients who underwent double valve replacement are alive and in good condition after a median follow-up of 71 months. Cardiac surgery is indicated in selected patients infected by the human immunodeficiency virus. These patients are frequently drug abusers or homosexual. Valvular endocarditis is the most common finding. Hospital morbidity and mortality rates are higher than usual in this group of patients.
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PMID:Cardiac surgery in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. 1119 8

A 38-year-old man presented with massive hemoptysis followed by hemorrhage shock. The patient's history revealed a Dacron patch repair for aortic coarctation and recoarctation carried out twice, once 23 and once 10 years ago. Diagnosis of a ruptured descending aortic aneurysm with an aortobronchial fistula into the left lower lobe was established using CT scan. Emergency surgery consisted of left pneumonectomy and descending aortic graft replacement during deep hypothermic circulatory arrest. The patient was discharged 12 days later.
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PMID:Near-fatal hemoptysis and emergency surgical repair after aortic patch-plasty. 1160 45

Massive haemoptysis represents a major medical emergency that is associated with a high mortality. Here we present two cases of life-threatening haemoptysis, the first caused by rupture of an aortic aneurysm into the lung in a 37-yr-old woman with polyarteritis nodosa and the second caused by massive bleeding from an angiectatic vascular malformation in the right main bronchus in a 21-yr-old woman. Fibreoptic bronchoscopy played an essential role in the diagnostic process and management of the respiratory tract. Diagnosis in the first case was obtained by CT scan and the aneurysm was treated surgically. In the second case, bronchial arteriography contributed to both definitive diagnosis and treatment. Initial cardiorespiratory management, diagnostic procedures and definitive therapy are described and reviewed. Adequate early management of the cardiorespiratory system is essential to the outcome. Aggressive measures to elucidate the cause of haemoptysis and prompt therapy are warranted because of the high risk of recurrence.
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PMID:Management of life-threatening haemoptysis. 1217 32


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