Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0019079 (hemoptysis)
 6,129 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Scalene node biopsy (SNB) has been performed in patients with lung cancer at the Saint Francis Hospital and Medical Center if any of the following criteria has been present: (1) potentially resectable central lesion by chest radiograph, or (2) significant cardiac or pulmonary dysfunction, thereby placing the patient at increased risk for thoracotomy, or (3) a diagnosis of adenocarcinoma prior to SNB. Within these guidelines, a retrospective study was undertaken to determine the benefit of routine SNB in the absence of clinically palpable scalene nodes. In a 2-year period beginning April 1981, 56 patients (37 males) presented with radiographic evidence of lung carcinoma without clinical evidence of scalene adenopathy. Approximately half of the lesions were of a central position. While the majority had symptoms of cough, hemoptysis, or chest pain, the primary lung lesion was identified on routine chest radiograph in 15 (27%). In only three was there no history of smoking, the remainder having at least a 20-pack-year history of cigarette use. Following a routine evaluation, 57 SNBs were performed alone or in concert with other surgical procedures (mediastinoscopy, bronchoscopy). Of these, only two (3.5%) were diagnostic and indicative of unresectable disease. While in one patient no additional procedure was performed, a simultaneous Chamberlain procedure in the other confirmed that the patient was unresectable for cure. In the remaining patients, tissue diagnosis of cancer was obtained through other maneuvers. Because of the low probability that SNB in the absence of clinically palpable nodes altered the management of lung cancer, we do not believe it to be of benefit in the diagnosis or staging of this disease.
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PMID:Effectiveness of scalene node biopsy for staging of lung cancer in the absence of palpable adenopathy. 399 Mar 11

Twenty-four thyroid carcinoma patients with infiltration of the trachea were treated surgically. The histological diagnosis in these cases included papillary adenocarcinoma in 22 different patients, medullary carcinoma in one patient, and undifferentiated carcinoma in one patient. In 19 of the patients hemoptysis was noted, and dyspnea was present in ten patients. In 14 of the 24 patients the carcinoma was diagnosed by radiographs of the neck, while in seven patients it was demonstrated bronchoscopically. In three patients tracheal infiltration by thyroid carcinoma was diagnosed by biopsy of the tracheal wall at operation. When the tracheal wall was infiltrated by thyroid carcinoma, treatment consisted of circumferential resection of the involved segment of the trachea followed by an end-to-end anastomosis. Of the 24 patients, 17 survived and six died. In the 17 patients who survived, 13 were disease free. Of this number, six survived more than five years after the initial tracheal resection.
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PMID:Resection of the trachea infiltrated by thyroid carcinoma. 706 53

A patient with an aspergilloma developing in a cavitary bronchial adenocarcinoma is presented. The case fulfilled the clinical, radiological and laboratory criteria of pulmonary mycetoma. A lobectomy was performed because of severe haemoptysis and the unknown aetiology of the cavitated lesion. Lung cancer was found to be the underlying process. This diagnosis had not been considered preoperatively because of the unusual radiological presentation of a polycystic lesion and because of the rare association of aspergilloma with bronchial carcinoma.
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PMID:Aspergilloma in a necrotic bronchial adenocarcinoma. 720 94

A 66-year-old man came to our hospital because of hemoptysis and fever. Chest radiograph and CT scan showed a large circumscribed shadow in the posterior segment of the right upper lobe. Bronchoscopy revealed bronchial compression and stenosis. The histopathological specimen obtained by transbronchial biopsy showed total necrosis, but cytological examination of the bronchial lavage specimen showed class 5 adenocarcinoma. Right upper lobectomy was done, and regional lymph nodes were removed. The resected tumor was found to be a pulmonary blastoma by histopathological examination. The main tumor was composed of malignant epithelial and mesenchymal elements with rhabdoid differentiation and chondroid tissue, the former of which looked like fetal lung tissue. This case is interesting, because the fact that the adenocarcinoma and pulmonary blastoma were close together may be related to the histogenesis of pulmonary blastoma.
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PMID:[A case of pulmonary blastoma coexisting with well-differentiated adenocarcinoma]. 769 74

A 66-year-old woman was referred to this institution for treatment of hemoptysis, atelectasis of the left upper lobe, and marked hypoxia necessitating oxygen therapy. A low anterior resection of the rectum had been performed for rectal adenocarcinoma 6 years and 3 months before this admission, and was followed by another resection after a local recurrence 20 months later. Bronchoscopy revealed an endobronchial tumor obstructing the left upper lobe bronchus. Tissue from a transbronchial biopsy revealed metastatic rectal carcinoma of the endobronchial lumen. There was no evidence of local recurrence or metastasis to other organs. A left pneumonectomy and lymph node dissection were performed successfully. The postoperative course was uneventful, and the patient was discharged after marked improvement of the arterial blood gas results. The pathological diagnosis of a resected tissue specimen was metastatic adenocarcinoma of the left hilar lymph nodes with invasion of the left main bronchus and protrusion into the endobronchial lumen. The patient remained disease-free for 6 months. At that time, computed tomography of the chest disclosed small metastases in the right lung and chemotherapy was begun.
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PMID:[Solitary rectal carcinoma metastasis to the left hilar lymph nodes: a case report]. 773 Nov 28

A 44-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of hemoptysis. He had been admitted to our ward in June 1991, after resection of a brain tumor at another hospital due to cerebral metastasis of lung cancer (adenocarcinoma). Systemic chemotherapy and pulmonary irradiation therapy were performed during the first hospitalization. Radiation pneumonitis occurred 1 month after the completion of radiotherapy, which responded to administration of corticosteroids. One year and 4 months later after the completion of radiotherapy, he was readmitted to our hospital because of hemoptysis. Chest computed tomogram and bronchoscopy showed no recurrence of lung cancer, so pulmonary arteriography and bronchial arteriography were performed to investigate the cause of hemoptysis. Pulmonary arteriograms showed diminished vascularity in the area of radiation fibrosis, but a bronchial arteriogram showed inflammatory hypervascularization in the same field. We considered that the bronchial arterial angiogenesis induced by radiation pneumonitis was the cause of hemoptysis. Bronchial arteriography is necessary in cases of radiation pulmonary fibrosis with hemoptysis without obvious recurrence of tumor. If the growth of new blood vessels in the bronchial artery can be induced by radiation therapy, the administration of anti-cancer agents to the bronchial artery should be considered in the treatment of recurrent lung cancer after radiation therapy.
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PMID:[A case of radiation pneumonitis caused by treatment of lung cancer which revealed marked hypervasculality on bronchial arteriography]. 827 21

To determine the clinical presentation of patients with malignancies metastatic to the lung, the diagnostic utility of fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FB), and the primary site of malignancies metastasizing endobronchially, we retrospectively reviewed 1,853 FB records (1987 to 1991) and selected 111 cases for review. Cases were divided on the basis of FB findings into abnormal (44 patients) and normal (67 patients). Pulmonary symptoms (cough, hemoptysis, and chest pain) prompted referral significantly more often in the abnormal FB group (34/44) than in the normal FB group (24/67). The finding of atelectasis on chest radiograph occurred more frequently in patients with endobronchial abnormalities. The spectrum of extrapulmonary malignancies that metastasize endobronchially has changed during the AIDS epidemic. Our study shows the most frequent causes of endobronchial mass lesions were Kaposi's sarcoma and the lymphoma group (Hodgkin's disease, nonHodgkin's lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia) and the most common malignancies causing submucosal metastases were breast and the lymphoma group. In summary, the highest yield from FB can be expected in patients experiencing symptoms of cough or hemoptysis and/or having radiographic evidence of atelectasis. We propose a new mnemonic "KLAS" (Kaposi's sarcoma, Lymphoma, Adenocarcinoma, Sarcoma) to describe the malignancies most likely to metastasize endobronchially in the 1990s.
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PMID:Fiberoptic bronchoscopy in the evaluation of carcinoma metastatic to the lung. 830 46

Granular cell tumours rarely involve the lower respiratory tract. We report eight cases surgically resected at our institution. There were four females and four males, aged between 18 to 56 years (mean 40). One tumour associated with a peripheral lung adenocarcinoma was asymptomatic. The other lesions presented with obstructive pneumonitis (3 cases), haemoptysis (2), dyspnea (1) or cough (1). These tumours were tracheal (1) or bronchial (6) and one case was located in the lung parenchyma. Four cases were multicentric with associated lesions located in a bronchus (2), the oesophagus (1) or a mediastinal lymph node (1). All tumours, with the largest diameter ranging from 0.5-4.5 cm, were histologically invasive. The tumours were positive for S-100 protein, neuron specific enolase, KP1 (CD68) and vimentin. No tumour expressed desmin, keratin or p53 oncoprotein. Our study demonstrates that, in spite of marked anatomical and clinical polymorphism, the rare granular cell tumours of the lower respiratory tract have a constant histological appearance. Our observations confirm that large tumours (> 8-10 mm) usually extend beyond the tracheo-bronchial cartilages and, therefore, only surgical treatment may avoid recurrence.
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PMID:Granular cell tumours of the lower respiratory tract. 852 90

Lung cancer is the most common malignant cancer in males and it's incidence is rapidly rising in females. Factors linked to this are associated with cigarette smoking, urbanization along with atmospheric pollution. The lack of success in the treatment of lung cancer has to do with in many cases late diagnosis at the stage when surgical treatment is not possible and radio and chemotherapy being of minimal effectiveness. The WHO has proposed the following classification of lung cancer: 1. Squamous cell carcinoma; 2. Small cell carcinoma; 3. Adenocarcinoma; 4. Giant cell carcinoma; 5. Adeno-squamous cell carcinoma 6. Carcinoid. 7. Carcinoma of mucous gland. 8. Others. Early physical signs of lung cancer are: cough (50-80% of patients), dyspnea (10-15%), chest pain (15-20%), hemoptysis (20-50%), recurrent pneumonia and bronchitis (30-50%). More serious clinical signs associated with growth of the neoplasm are hoarseness, pleural effusion, vena cava superior syndrome, and Pancoast's syndrome. The growing neoplasm secrets many biochemical substances, which are them activity passed on the bloodstream or make their way into the blood as a result of degeneration of the tumor. These substances may then be detected in the patient's plasma and act as markers of malignant disease. The characteristics of these markers is varied, e.g.: hormones, enzymes and tissue antigens. Methods used in the diagnosis of lung-cancer which should be stressed, are apart from the obvious physical examination are chest x-rays, ultrasound, CAT scans, nuclear magnetic resonance, PET scans, and scintigraphy. Fine needle aspiration in changes in the peripheral regions, cytology of sputum, bronchial lavage, cytogenetic analysis. This underlines the need for prophylaxis, particularly the cessation of cigarette smoking.
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PMID:[Current capabilities and procedures for diagnosing lung neoplasms]. 919 23

Pulmonary blastoma is a rare tumor of the lung consisting of immature mesenchyma and epithelial structures that can mimic the structure of the embryonic lung. In this article, we report a case of pulmonary blastoma occurred in an adult individual. We review the literature concerning this rare neoplasm that includes less than one hundred cases reported. We also describe the pathologic features of this disease which is microscopically divided in two classes: 1) lesions composed solely of malignant gland of embryonic appearance (WDFA: Well-Differentiated Fetal Adenocarcinomas), and 2) lesions with biphasic appearance, containing both neoplastic glands and either adult sarcomatous or embryonic mesenchyme. The adult pulmonary blastomas are considered as an entity distinct from childhood blastomas. This condition may be frequently asymptomatic; if symptomatic, it show the same clinical picture of a mass in the lung impinging on bronchi or pleura; the most usual symptoms include cough, hemoptysis, and chest pain. Chest radiography typically shows a peripheral or central lung opacity without preference for any lobe. The prognosis is poor, due to the high incidence of metastasis. Histologic class and clinical findings can be of prognostic value in pulmonary blastoma. We believe that an early diagnosis is essential: in our case, this allowed a complete resection of the tumor and the patient is still alive without recurrence 3 years after the surgical treatment.
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PMID:[Pulmonary blastoma in adults]. 932 72


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