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Query: UMLS:C0019079 (hemoptysis)
 6,129 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Carcinoids are neuroendocrine neoplasms. Bronchial carcinoids are unusual, malignant primary neoplasms that characteristically involve the central airways and typically exhibit well-defined margins and bronchial-related growth. Bronchial carcinoids include low-grade typical carcinoids and the more aggressive atypical carcinoids. These tumors usually affect patients in the 3rd through 7th decades of life who are often symptomatic with cough, hemoptysis, or obstructive pneumonia. Bronchial carcinoids radiologically manifest as hilar or perihilar masses, with or without associated atelectasis, pneumonia, bronchiectasis, or mucoid impaction. At computed tomography, an anatomic relationship of these tumors to a bronchus is usually seen, and they may show contrast material enhancement or calcification. In rare cases, carcinoids occur in the thymus; when they do, they are aggressive tumors that affect adults who usually present with chest pain, cough, and dyspnea. Thymic carcinoids manifest radiologically as anterior mediastinal masses and may mimic thymomas. Thoracic carcinoids are treated by surgical excision. The prognosis for patients with typical bronchial carcinoids is excellent; patients with atypical bronchial or thymic carcinoids have a worse prognosis.
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PMID:Thoracic carcinoids: radiologic-pathologic correlation. 1033

Thoracic actinomycosis is a rare disease often mistaken for malignancy. Untreated actinomycosis is associated with high mortality, the disease should, thus, be considered early. We report the case of a 58-year-old male patient who was referred to us for a suspected thoracic sarcoma. He had 6-month a history of hemoptysis, and there was severe deterioration in his general health. Only in a roundabout way was the diagnosis of thoracic actinomycosis established; it was caused by an aspirated chicken bone, as found by bronchoscopy. All symptoms rapidly regressed by antibiotic therapy and definitive healing was obtained. In the diagnostic work up of thoracic masses that may represent inflammatory diseases, lymphoma, thymus-associated, sarcomatous and germ-cell tumors, bronchoscopy is of primary diagnostic importance.
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PMID:[Foreign body-induced thoracic actinomycosis as differential mediastinal space-occupying lesion diagnosis]. 1041 6

Thymic fibrosis in the absence of another primary thymic lesion, such as a neoplasm or cyst, is unusual. We identified 6 cases of primary extensive thymic fibrosis that developed in 3 men and 3 women, aged 28 to 60 years, mean 48 years. Patients had limited or no symptoms. Two patients had dyspnea and 1 had cough and hemoptysis. One female patient had myasthenia gravis. The lesions measured 3.5 to 17 cm in greatest dimension, mean 8 cm, and were confined to the anterior mediastinum as determined by imaging, intraoperative notes, and/or gross examination. All cases showed diffuse fibrosis with variable collagen deposition, lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates, and involution/atrophy of thymus. One case had rare IgG4-positive plasma cells and focal obliterative phlebitis. The histology showed overlap with that of IgG4-related sclerosing disease, which to our knowledge has not been documented earlier in this location. Although the etiology of the lesions is undetermined, altered immunity and/or infection may play a role.
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PMID:Diffuse thymic fibrosis: histologic pattern of injury or distinct entity? 2008 60

Benign cystic teratoma of lung is an extremely rare tumour, which was first described in literature by Mohr in 1839. Intrapulmonary teratoma is thought to be a derivative of the third endo-dermal pharyngeal pouch, which is an anlage of the thymus. The authors present a rare case of mature cystic teratoma in a young male involving the right upper lobe of the lung. Diagnosis is often missed and patients are treated for various infectious conditions. Treatment is complete resection for both benign and malignant teratomas and carries excellent prognosis. Benign cystic teratoma, if not excised may cause grave complications like life-threatening haemoptysis or malignant transformation with metastatic disease.
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PMID:Intrapulmonary cystic teratoma mimicking malignant pulmonary neoplasm. 2289 30

A 16-year-old girl presented with intermittent left chest pain and breathlessness on exertion for last 4 months with one episode of haemoptysis. There has been loss of appetite and weight loss of 4 kg over a period of 1 month. A chest radiograph revealed a large mass like opacity with pleural effusion in the left lung field. Computerized Tomography scanning (CT scanning) and Positron Emission Tomography/Computerized Tomography scanning (PET/CT scanning) demonstrated a 7 cm round, cystic lesion in the anterior mediastinum. Pleural fluid cytology did not show any malignant cell. The patient was referred to cardiothoracic department for thoracotomy and resection. Surgery was uncomplicated with rapid recovery. Histologic findings suggested mature teratoma components surrounded by oedematous pleura and pericardium with adjacent thymus and lung tissue.
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PMID:Teratoma as unusual cause of chest pain, hemoptysis and dyspnea in a young patient. 2932 67

Thymic enlargement (TE) in Graves' disease (GD) is often diagnosed incidentally when chest imaging is done for unrelated reasons. This is becoming more common as the frequency of chest imaging increases. There are currently no clear guidelines for managing TE in GD. Subject 1 is a 36-year-old female who presented with weight loss, increased thirst and passage of urine and postural symptoms. Investigations confirmed GD, non-PTH-dependent hypercalcaemia and Addison's disease (AD). CT scans to exclude underlying malignancy showed TE but normal viscera. A diagnosis of hypercalcaemia due to GD and AD was made. Subject 2, a 52-year-old female, was investigated for recurrent chest infections, haemoptysis and weight loss. CT thorax to exclude chest malignancy, showed TE. Planned thoracotomy was postponed when investigations confirmed GD. Subject 3 is a 47-year-old female who presented with breathlessness, chest pain and shakiness. Investigations confirmed T3 toxicosis due to GD. A CT pulmonary angiogram to exclude pulmonary embolism showed TE. The CT appearances in all three subjects were consistent with benign TE. These subjects were given appropriate endocrine treatment only (without biopsy or thymectomy) as CT appearances showed the following appearances of benign TE - arrowhead shape, straight regular margins, absence of calcification and cyst formation and radiodensity equal to surrounding muscle. Furthermore, interval scans confirmed thymic regression of over 60% in 6 months after endocrine control. In subjects with CT appearances consistent with benign TE, a conservative policy with interval CT scans at 6 months after endocrine control will prevent inappropriate surgical intervention. Learning points: Chest imaging is common in modern clinical practice and incidental anterior mediastinal abnormalities are therefore diagnosed frequently. Thymic enlargement (TE) associated with Graves' disease (GD) is occasionally seen in view of the above. There is no validated strategy to manage TE in GD at present. However, CT (or MRI) scan features of the thymus may help characterise benign TE, and such subjects do not require thymic biopsy or surgery at presentation. In them, an expectant 'wait and see' policy is recommended with GD treatment only, as the thymus will show significant regression 6 months after endocrine control.
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PMID:Managing thymic enlargement in Graves' disease. 3070 65