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Query: UMLS:C0018991 (hemiplegia)
 3,997 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The cerebral protective actions of a new thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) analogue, YM-14673, [Na-[[(S)-4-oxo-2-azetidinyl-carbonyl]-L-histidyl-L-prolinamide] dihydrate), were compared with those of CDP-choline (cerebral metabolic enhancer) and naloxone in rats rats subjected to unilateral carotid artery ligation and anoxic exposure (Levine rats). Drugs were administered intraperitoneally or orally 20, 80, and 140 min after anoxia. YM-14673 (0.03 to 1 mg/kg i.p. and 0.3 to 10 mg/kg p.o.) decreased the incidence of neurological deficits, such as hemiplegia and convulsion followed by coma and death, for 48 h after ischemia and anoxia. Both the increase in the brain water content and the degeneration of neurons in the cerebral cortex and thalamus were prevented by YM-14673 at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg (i.p.). CDP-choline (400 mg/kg i.p.), which is currently used in the therapy of cerebral vascular diseases, and naloxone (3 mg/kg i.p.) also decreased the incidence of the neurological deficits. These results suggest that YM-14673 protects Levine rats against neurological deficits, presumably by attenuating the development of brain edema and preventing neuronal damage. This compound may be useful in the therapeutic treatment of cerebral vascular diseases.
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PMID:Pharmacological actions of a new TRH analogue, YM-14673, in rats subjected to cerebral ischemia and anoxia. 211 71

This study was conducted to examine the effect of the intramuscular injection of levallorphan tartrate (1.0 mg), a mixed agonist-antagonist opiate, on the neurological signs, symptoms, and vital signs in 19 patients with acute ischemic stroke. A temporary improvement of hemiplegia or hemiparesis was observed within several minutes after levallorphan injection in 13 of the patients. There were no significant alterations in blood pressure or pulse rate after injection. The findings indicate that levallorphan may have a temporary improving effect on neurological deficits in acute ischemic stroke. In addition, observation of the response to levallorphan may serve to predict the prognosis of the final neurological outcome in this type of patient.
J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1985 Sep
PMID:Reversal of neurological deficits by levallorphan in patients with acute ischemic stroke. 403 Sep 25

A double-blind study was conducted in order to evaluate the effect of CDP-choline on functional recovery of hemiplegia. A standardized 12-grade scale (Hemiplegia Function Test) was utilized for the evaluation. The results indicate that for the upper limbs, doses of 1,000 and 250 mg of CDP-choline were superior to placebo at 8 weeks. The higher dose showed an effect at 4 weeks equal to that at 8 weeks while the effect of the lower dose was slower but reached the same level of effect as the higher dose at 8 weeks. Similar results were obtained for the lower limbs but the effectiveness was not statistically significant. The lesser effect for the lower limbs could be attributed to the relatively small number of patients in the early stages of recovery in the present series. No significant differences were found for the effects on subjective symptoms, neurological signs and overall judgment of the physicians. The findings suggest that CDP-choline promotes natural recovery in hemiplegia.
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PMID:Evaluation of the effect of CDP-choline on poststroke hemiplegia employing a double-blind controlled trial. Assessed by a new rating scale for recovery in hemiplegia. 700 29

Stroke induced by a carotid occlusion in gerbils was reversed by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of naloxone (1 mg/kg) for up to 30 min. Placebo-treated stroked gerbils died in 48 hr; 40% of gerbils implanted with 10 mg naloxone pellets survived over 2 weeks without neurologic deficit. Intravenous (i.v.) injection of naloxone produced the same transient reversal of hemiplegia in 2 patients with neurologic deficit from cerebral ischemia. These findings suggest the involvement of endorphins and opiate receptors in the pathophysiology of stroke, and suggest the possible clinical use of opiate antagonists in humans in the acute phase of stroke.
J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1982
PMID:Reversal of neurological deficits by opiate antagonist naloxone after cerebral ischemia in animals and humans. 708 9

It is well known that hemiplegia is frequently observed in cerebral ischemia. It is important for the pathophysiologic study and development of drug therapies to establish a precise method investigating impairment of motor function with animal models. To develop a quantitative and objective method for evaluating impairment of motor function, we examined an inclined plane test after chronic focal cerebral ischemia in the rat. Standard scoring of neurologic deficits has limitations, including problems with quantification and objectivity. The purpose of this study was to establish a novel method for evaluating impairment of motor function in middle cerebral artery (MCA) occluded rats. The left MCA was permanently occluded at a proximal site, and sensorimotor performance was evaluated at the fifth day and every week for 11 weeks thereafter. The ability to maintain body position on an inclined plane was measured when rats were placed on a stainless steel slope in left-headed, right-headed, and up-headed positions. Neurologic examination based on hemiparesis and abnormal posture was also performed. After all behavioral examinations were completed, the degree of shrinkage of the left hemisphere to the contralateral was measured. The ability of MCA-occluded rats to maintain position on an inclined plane in the left-headed position was significantly restricted when compared with that of sham-operated rats throughout the test period (maximum angle of 37 degrees versus 45 degrees, respectively). Minimal natural recovery was observed for all position measurements. MCA-occluded rats showed a significantly higher neurologic score with natural recovery. The ability to maintain position on an inclined plane after MCA occlusion (MCAO) was significantly correlated with the degree of the shrinkage of the ischemic hemisphere and neurologic score. The angle for the left-headed position was most strongly correlated with ipsilateral shrinkage. In the present study, long-lasting impairment of motor function was detected in rats with MCAO, which correlated with the shrinkage of the ischemic hemisphere. Furthermore, a difference in performance depending on body position (left-headed versus right-headed) was also detected. The left-headed position was found to be most sensitive for evaluating this model. The inclined plane test is a quantitative, objective, and sensitive method for evaluating motor deficits after chronic focal cerebral ischemia in rats, and this method may be useful to investigate changes in motor function in hemiplegia.
J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1998 Oct
PMID:Evaluation of a motor deficit after chronic focal cerebral ischemia in rats. 977 86