Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0018991 (hemiplegia)
 3,997 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 57 years-old woman developed a right hemiparesis with dysphasia four weeks after left Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus. The CSF was normal while cerebral angiography showed segmental narrowing of the left carotid syphon and terminal branches. The patient's condition improved during the next few days with almost full recovery. Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus followed by a controlateral hemiparesis or hemiplegia is a relatively infrequent clinical syndrome. After a review of the relevant literature and discussion of the various theories of causation, the authors suggest a chance relation between the two pathological conditions.
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PMID:[Ophthalmic herpes zoster and delayed contralateral hemiparesis: a chance occurrence (author's transl)]. 31 26

Between 1976 and 1978, we examined 110 Japanese children with cerebral palsy using a CT 1000 and a CT 1010 (EMI). In 92% of all patients, there were abnormal findings. Cortical atrophy was seen in 51%, ventricular dilatation in 86%, localized low density areas in 22%, brain anomalies in 10% and asymmetry of cerebral hemisphere in 31%. In spastic hemiplegia, the characteristic CT revealed asymmetrical ventricular dilatation without cortical atrophy and localized low density areas in the cerebral hemisphere contralateral to the palsy. In spastic tetraplegia, CT revealed moderate to marked diffuse cerebral atrophy or brain anomalies. In athetosis, CT revealed normal or slight cerebral atrophy. In 60 cases where a CT 1010 was used, we calculated the volume index of CSF space by computer, Eclipse S/200, and analyzed the relationship between the clinical features of cerebral palsy and the volume index of CSF space.
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PMID:Computed tomography of cerebral palsy: evaluation of brain damage by volume index of CSF space. 55 48

A child is described in whom intraventricular tension pneumocephalus developed 10 days after removal of a cerebellar medulloblastoma and 1 day after suture removal. The tension pneumocephalus was associated with hydrocephalus and CSF leakage from the suture line. The symptoms of the pneumocephalus were rapidly progressing loss of consciousness and hemiplegia which were promptly reversed upon aspiration of the intracranial air. A large amount of intraventricular air present in the immediate postoperative period was, however, clinically silent. The characteristics of this unusual presentation, its relation to asymptomatic pneumocephalus, hydrocephalus and the preventive and therapeutic measures required to deal with such conditions are discussed.
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PMID:Delayed intraventricular tension pneumocephalus complicating posterior fossa surgery for cerebellar medulloblastoma. 139 84

278 patients with pyogenic meningitis admitted to the Tikur Anbessa Teaching Hospital in Addis Abeba, Ethiopia, between January and December 1988 were studied prospectively to describe the epidemiology, microbiology, clinical features and outcome of infection. Fifty-nine per cent of the patients were admitted in the hot dry season between January and the end of June. About half of the patients (57%) were in the age group 15 to 19 years; the male to female ratio was 1.8:1. Two hundred sixty-two specimens (94%) were examined by Gram stain/or culture. N. Meningitidis was cultured from 161 of 243 CSF specimens (65%) and the Gram stain was diagnostic in 108 of 140 CSF specimens (77%). Both Gram stain and culture were negative in 90 of 262 specimens (34%). Thirty-five of the isolates were sero-grouped and all were found to belong to serogroup A. All 30 isolates tested for drug sensitivity were resistant to sulfadiazine but sensitive to penicillin. Forty-three of 204 patients died of their infection, a case fatality rate of 21%: 60% of the deaths occurred in the first 24 hours after admission. Eleven of 13 patients with meningococcaemia expired. The case fatality rates for meningitis and meningococcaemia were 16% and 85% respectively. Nine patients (4%) developed neurologic sequelae: 4 hemiplegia, 3 nerve deafness, 2 cranial nerve palsies. This high morbidity and mortality from meningococcal infection demonstrates the need for a national surveillance programme for the prevention and control of meningococcal disease in the country.
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PMID:Epidemic meningococcal meningitis in adult Ethiopians in Addis Abeba, Ethiopia, 1988. 139 15

From 1979 to 1990, a series of 59 patients with 59 acoustic neuromas were operated on in five departments of neurosurgery by at least five different neurosurgical teams, employing the suboccipital approach. Perioperative mortality rate was 8.5%. Complications including hematoma, ventricular hemorrhage, meningitis, hemiparalysis, abducens nerve paralysis, recurrent nerve paralysis, postoperative wound infection and CSF leak were observed in 21 patients (35.6%). Total tumor removal was not possible in 17 patients (28.8%). Converting the postoperative facial nerve function to House-Brackmann (HB) classification, 34 patients (57.6%) were regarded as HB 6. Reconstruction of the facial nerve was attempted in 19 patients (32.2%). Attempts at hearing preservation were unsuccessful in all patients. Failure to attain better results and the importance of centralized treatment of acoustic neuroma are emphasized.
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PMID:Suboccipital acoustic neuroma surgery: results of decentralized neurosurgical tumor removal in Denmark. 145 36

Clinical and laboratory findings among 34 children (age range from 15 months to 13 years) with neurocysticercosis were reviewed. The main symptoms were: intracranial hypertension, 21 cases (62%); epilepsy, 20 cases (59%); hemiplegia, 4 cases (12%). Computed tomography (CT) in 33 children showed typical brain active cysts in 26 patients (79%) and calcifications in 2 (6%). The complement fixation reaction or the indirect immunofluorescent test for cysticercus antibody were positive in CSF in 77% (20 out of 26 patients) and serum in 78% (18 out of 23 patients). CSF pleocytosis was found in 57% of the cases (15/26 patients) with eosinophil cells in 27% (7/26 patients). The most efficient diagnostic test was CT scan of the head, and was confirmed immunologically by measurement of cysticercus antibody titers in CSF and serum.
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PMID:[Neurocysticercosis in childhood. I. Clinical and laboratory diagnosis]. 186 40

A case of mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes, in which a pituitary growth hormone (GH) secretion deficiency of hypothalamic origin was revealed through neuro-endocrinological examinations, was described. The case was a 10-year-old girl, who had been suffering from generalized tonic seizures since age 5, four episodes of alternating hemiplegia since age 6, stunted growth since age 7, and simple partial motor seizures as well as gelastic seizures since age 8. Marked elevation of lactate and pyruvate in both serum and CSF, abundant ragged red fibers in biopsied muscle, and low density areas in the left occipital lobe and bilateral globus pallidus in addition to diffuse brain atrophy on CT scan and MRI of the head were demonstrated, although the activities of muscle enzymes complex I-IV were within normal ranges. Pituitary GH secretion was deficient under the loadings with insulin, L-DOPA, sleep, and a single growth hormone releasing factor (GRF) administration, but normal GH response was registered under the repetitive stimulation with GRF. Activities of other hormonal axes were normal. It is likely that short stature commonly observed in MELAS patients is due to hypothalamic dysfunction, which might be brought out by chronic ischemia and energy deficiency of the diencephalon based upon mitochondrial abnormality of that region. It is likely that gelastic seizure in this case is due to hypothalamic dysfunction.
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PMID:[Hypothalamic GH Deficiency and gelastic seizures in a 10-year-old girl with MELAS]. 187 57

We report a 14-year-old boy with mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and strokelike episodes (MELAS) who presented repeated episodes of abdominal pain and vomiting since the age of 8 years. In addition, he developed strokelike episodes with myoclonic seizures and transient hemiplegia on three occasions. At the age of 14-1/12-years, he also developed epilepsia partialis continua persisting for 10 days, which was associated with myoclonic seizures synchronized with spike discharges at the right central area. Laboratory examination disclosed increased levels of lactate and pyruvate in serum and CSF and low density areas in the bilateral temporal regions on CT scan. Muscle biopsy showed scattered ragged-red fibers. The enzyme activities (pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, pyruvate carboxylase, phosphoenol pyruvate carboxykinase, and cytochrome c oxidase) and the rates of decarboxylation of [3-14C]pyruvate in cultured skin fibroblasts were within normal ranges.
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PMID:[A case with MELAS associated with epilepsia partialis continua]. 189 96

The case of a 59-year-old man who was diagnosed as having neoplastic angioendotheliosis by biopsy of a small hemangioma on the skin is reported. The clinical features were characterized by hypersomnia, memory disturbance, disorientation to time and mild left hemiplegia including the face. Laboratory findings showed an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, increased serum LDH, increased CSF protein and pleocytosis in the CSF. The CSF level of IgG was also elevated and was associated with the appearance of oligoclonal IgG bands. The biopsy specimen of the hemangioma on the skin revealed that some small vessels were packed with atypical mononuclear cells which were positive for anti-B cell antibody. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain detected multiple lesions located in the cerebellum, thalamus and caudate nucleus. The left paramedian thalamic lesion might be responsible for his characteristic mood and behavioral changes. The serial MRI study disclosed that some lesions progressively enlarged and duplicated in number. These findings might be typical for neoplastic angioendotheliosis, in which the rapidly proliferating cells occluded small vessels one after another in the central nervous system. The serial study of MRI may serve an important diagnostic purpose in this disease, although most patients with this disease, so far, have been diagnosed by autopsy.
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PMID:[A case of neoplastic angioendotheliosis--serial study of magnetic resonance imaging]. 208 33

We reported a case of mitochondrial encephalomyopathy with repeated stroke-like episodes. A 33-year-old single male was admitted to our hospital because of stroke-like episodes with visual field defect, hemiplegia and convulsion repeated seven times for the past seven years. There were no abnormalities on the physical examination. He was hallucinative and perseverative and had mental deficiency. Muscle weakness and atrophy were not prominent, and generalized hyporeflexia were present without pathological reflexes. Myoclonus was not observed. Serum CK and blood gas analysis were normal (pH 7.398). Although blood levels of lactate and pyruvate were almost within normal limit, lactate was elevated by 20WATT-15 minutes exercises. On the contrary, the CSF levels of lactate and pyruvate were elevated markedly. CT of the brain revealed the presence of the low density areas in the right occipital and the left frontal lobes. Cranial 4 vessels studies were unremarkable. EEG showed the diffuse slowness with spike and wave complex. CT of the muscles were normal. A specimen obtained from the left biceps brachii muscle showed ragged-red fibers without obvious myogenic or neurogenic changes, and accumulations of abnormal mitochondria with paracrystalline inclusion bodies were observed by electron microscopy. However, mitochondrial abnormalities were not seen in the vessel walls in the biopsied muscle. Activities of complex I + III, II + III, IV in mitochondria were normal. Clinical features of this case were consistent with MELAS. However, this case showed no muscle weakness, short stature and lactic acidosis which characterize MELAS, and the onset of this case was later than those cases that were reported before.
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PMID:[A case of mitochondrial encephalomyopathy characterized by repeated stroke-like episodes]. 250 53


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