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Query: UMLS:C0018991 (hemiplegia)
 3,997 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In patient with damaged upper motor neurones we show the therapeutic effect of electrical stimulation (called FES) of peripheral mixed nerves on the restoration of motor activity and movements. The results of neurophysiological, kinesiological and clinical observations are presented. We discuss the possible mechanisms, especially the spinal ones, which are fundamental for such a rhythmic activity as gait. We discuss them also from the point of view of activation of proprioceptive feedback mechanisms and of achieved sensory reinforcement influencing the spinal reflex mechanisms as well as the preserved supraspinal integrated activity which contributes to the long-term FES effect. The stimulation modes, the control of stimuli in relation to the needs of individual patients (hemiplegia in adults, paraparesis, cerebral palsy in children and multiple sclerosis) as well as the motor deficit are discussed. We conclude that the electronic system used for this purpose represents a functionally active orthotic aid with therapeutic effects.
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PMID:Functional electrical stimulation in control of motor output and movements. 22 5

Paraparesis (paraplegia) refers to partial (-paresis) or complete (-plegia) loss of voluntary motor function in the pelvic limbs. Similar involvement of all four limbs is termed tetraparesis (tetraplegia). Paraparesis generally results from spinal cord lesions caudad to the second thoracic spinal cord segment, whereas tetraparesis occurs because of lesions craniad to this segment (see discussion of spinal cord lesion localization in The Neurologic Examination and Lesion Localization, on page 328). The limbs may be affected equally; however, asymmetric lesions cause greater clinical involvement on the ipsilateral side. Strictly unilateral lesions at C1-T2 result in clinical involvement on only the affected side of the body (hemiparesis, hemiplegia). Monoparesis (monoplegia) occurs subsequent to unilateral T2-S1 lesions. Trauma and neoplasia are the most common spinal cord diseases affecting cats. Urinary and fecal incontinence often occur concomitant with paresis. General concepts relating to disorders of micturition are discussed at the conclusion of this chapter.
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PMID:Paraparesis (paraplegia), tetraparesis (tetraplegia), urinary/fecal incontinence. Spinal cord diseases. 180 59

Equinovarus deformity is one of the most common deformities seen in patients with cerebral palsy. During years between 1993 and 2004 in 36 patients with cerebral palsy 46 operative procedures of split posterior tibial tendon transfer to peroneus brevis muscle were performed to correct varus deformity of the foot. Additionally equinus was corrected by lengthening lengtheninglengthening of the calcaneal tendon in 42 cases and in 4 cases by gastrocnemius recession according to Baker modification of Vulpius procedure. Children's age at the time of operation was between 3.5 and 16 years of age (average 7.5). In our cohort of 36 patients there were 10 cases of quadriplegia (28%), 12 cases of hemiplegia (33%), 12 cases of paraparesis inferior (33%) and 2 cases of monoplegia (6%). 25 patients with 34 operated feet (73.9%) reported for final examination. Follow-up period was from 18 months to 11 years (average 5.5 years). At final examination we evaluated clinical effectiveness of gait, passive and active range of movement, plantograms, and subjective evaluation of patient and patients' parents. Wearing of orthoses and orthopaedic footwear was noted. The results were divided into groups according to Green's classification. There were 67.6% of very good results, 23.6% of good results and 8.8% of poor results. Basing on our experience in treatment of spastic equinovarus deformity of the foot in children with cerebral palsy we stand, that split posterior tibial tendon transfer can bring good results and is a valuable surgical technique in treatment of equinovarus deformity.
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PMID:[Split posterior tibial tendon transfer as a selected technique of treatment of spastic equino-varus deformity in children]. 2049 75

This chapter gives a concise overview of the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), with special emphasis on clinical aspects relevant to rehabilitation professionals. AIDS is a novel form of an acquired immune deficit now known to be caused by the recently recognized Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Symptoms result from the direct effects of the virus on the immune system and the nervous system, which appear to be the primary targets. Much of the morbidity and mortality, however, is caused by opportunistic infections which occur in patients unable to mobilize the appropriate immune defenses against them. Characteristic, but previously rare, neoplasms also occur due to a failure of immune regulation. Improved medical care, however, has changed AIDS from a rapidly fatal disease to one where survival may be prolonged. The rehabilitation setting, the physical disability caused by AIDS, along with the psychosocial and economic impact of the disease on the patient have become increasingly important. Fatigue, decreased endurance, weight loss, edema, blindness and swallowing difficulties may all contribute to functional impairment. Neurological involvement is frequent and may cause dementia, hemiplegia, spastic paraparesis, painful neuropathies and proximal or distal muscle weakness. The clinical features and functional impact of these symptoms on the patient with AIDS is discussed, and the appropriate rehabilitation interventions outlined. Psychosocial and vocational issues are addressed as they pertain to the different clinical presentations.
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PMID:AIDS. 2393 Nov 67