Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0018991 (hemiplegia)
 3,997 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In 1974, 250 infants with birth weights of 1500 g or less were referred to the Intensive Care Unit at the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto. Sixty-six per cent survived. Prospective follow-up studies of the survivors have been completed over a minimum of two years. Infants at highest risk for handicapping defects (about 85%) are those who survived intracranial haemorrhage during the neonatal period. Neurological defects encountered in these children were severe--hydrocephalus, spastic quadriplegia, hemiplegia or microcephalus--and were usually associated with low psychometric scoring. The second highest risk group were small for gestational age infants. Of these, 53% were significantly handicapped at two years of age, and 43% had developmental quotients of less than 80. These defects could not be related to postnatal events. The third category at high risk were infants with birth weights of 1000 g or less. Among these, 30% had a significant handicap by two years of age. The outcome in the remainder of the sample was generally good. These results suggest that the decreased mortality of the very premature infant is associated with an increased number of relatively normal survivors and that the infants at highest risk for subsequent defects can be identified at or shortly after birth.
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PMID:Present status of the infant of very low birth weight treated in a referral neonatal intensive care unit in 1974. 15 96

A regional technique for the study of curare sensitivity has been applied to patients with Duchenne type muscular dystrophy, myotonic disorders, certain lower motor neurone disorders, to patients with weakness in the arm after hemiplegia, to patients with hyper-reflexia and hypertonia without weakness, and to Parkinsonism. In the dystrophy patients, sensitivity to curare differs from normal controls in that the neuromuscular block persists. The possibilities that this latent defect of neuromuscular transmission is the result of acetylcholine deficiency due to a prejunctional defect or the result of alterations in the property of the postjunctional membrane are discussed. In the myotonic and lower motor neurone disorders, curare sensitivity was similar to that of normal controls. After hemiplegia, the affected side shows resistance to curare when compared with the unaffected side. In states of hyper-reflexia and hypertonia, however, the sensitivity to curare is greater than in normal controls. In Parkinsonism, sensitivity is similar to that of the controls. The results in upper motor neurone lesions are discussed in relation to the dependence of neuromuscular transmission upon the motor neurone, which, in turn, is dependent upon descending impulses.
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PMID:Study of sensitivity to curare in certain neurological disorders using a regional technique. 16 92

'Pure motor hemiplegia' is a common stroke syndrome defined by Fisher as paralysis of face, arm, and leg on one side, unaccompanied by sensory signs, visual field defect, aphasia, or apractognosia. It occurs almost exclusively in hypertensive patients and carried a good prognosis. We report a case of a normotensive patient in whom pure motor hemiplegia was the presenting feature, not of a cerebrovascular syndrome, but of a pontine glioblastoma. We note that brain-stem tumours may masquerade as brain-stem strokes.
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PMID:Pure motor hemiplegia secondary to brain-stem tumour. 17 27

In a 70-year-old man with glioma of the optic nerves and tracts, the initial symptom was a unilateral loss of vision that progressed rapidly and was followed by amaurosis of both eyes. All diagnostic radiological procedures were negative. Four months after the onset of the disease, the patient developed hemiplegia, became comatose, and died. Post-mortem examination revealed a glioblastoma multiforme of both optic nerves, chiasma, and optic tracts that extended posteriorly into the left thalamus and medial geniculate body. The tumoral thickening of the optic nerves was absent in the intracanalicular part, a finding that concurred with the normal radiological appearance of the optic foramen. Glioblastoma multiforme of the optic pathways should be included in the differential diagnosis of acute visual failure in elderly people, even though the final diagnosis may be possible only at postmortem examination.
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PMID:Malignant optic glioma in a 70-year-old patient. 18 Sep 44

The factors underlying acute infantile hemiplegia are seldom identified. Coxsackie A9 focal encephalitis was documented for the first time in a 3-month-old infant with fever, hemiconvulsions, and hemiplegia followed by a static motor deficit and epilepsy. It has been suggested that the acute infantile hemiplegia associated with encephalitis results from an arteritis or venous sinus thrombosis with subsequent cerebral infarction. However, this was not observed in our patient. Rather, a series of brain scans, computerized tomograms, and a cerebral angiogram clearly documented the evolution of a focal necrotizing encephaloclastic process resulting in a porencephalic cyst. Serial cerebrospinal fluid viral cultures were necessary to isolate the etiologic agent (tcoxsackie A9). The infant did not have a neutralizing antibody response to the infecting viral agent despite an apparently intact immune system, which possibly may be explained by the developed of immune tolerance or an insufficient amount of infecting viral antigen. This emphasizes that serologic studies alone may not be adequate to document an acute central nervous system viral infection. This patient also typifies the poor prognosis in infants presenting with acute hemiplegia, fever, and convulsions in the absence of cerebrovascular occlusion.
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PMID:Coxsackie A9 focal encephalitis associated with acute infantile hemiplegia and porencephaly. 19 71

In patient with damaged upper motor neurones we show the therapeutic effect of electrical stimulation (called FES) of peripheral mixed nerves on the restoration of motor activity and movements. The results of neurophysiological, kinesiological and clinical observations are presented. We discuss the possible mechanisms, especially the spinal ones, which are fundamental for such a rhythmic activity as gait. We discuss them also from the point of view of activation of proprioceptive feedback mechanisms and of achieved sensory reinforcement influencing the spinal reflex mechanisms as well as the preserved supraspinal integrated activity which contributes to the long-term FES effect. The stimulation modes, the control of stimuli in relation to the needs of individual patients (hemiplegia in adults, paraparesis, cerebral palsy in children and multiple sclerosis) as well as the motor deficit are discussed. We conclude that the electronic system used for this purpose represents a functionally active orthotic aid with therapeutic effects.
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PMID:Functional electrical stimulation in control of motor output and movements. 22 5

Acute headaches are in most cases significant symptoms or premonitary signs of a neurological condition. From a semiological point of view, they may be: (i) isolated, (ii) associated with neurological symptoms (ophtalmoplegia, hemiplegia, hemianesthesia...). From an etiological point of view, the haemorragic conditions are predominant (30%): encephalic vascular malformation with or without subarachnoidal haemorragia (21%), subarachnoidal haemorragia without malformation (6%) and subdural haematoma (3%). Two types of conditions are also frequently observed: ischemic attacks (22,3%) and inflammatory meningeal syndromes (12%). Rare cases with hypophyseal adenomas, ischemic attacks under oestro-progestative treatment, accidents of mono-amine-oxydase inhibitors and multiple sclerosis are observed. 23,8% of the cases remained without any precise diagnosis. One of the interesting points in the acute headache issue is the possibility of discovering an encephalic vascular malformation without any important bleeding and, therefore, good conditions for surgery.
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PMID:[Attacks of acute headache (author's transl)]. 22 Jul 17

A 55-year-old man having hemiplegia after the sudden onset of a stroke was referred for rehabilitation. Cerebral angiography had demonstrated occlusion of the left middle cerebral artery and steroid therapy had been started. Attempted tapering of the steroid therapy on admission for rehabilitation resulted in the patient having severe headaches and confusion. Blink reflex evaluation, somatosensory cerebral evoked potential determinations and visual evoked responses were all consistent with a widespread process involving the parietal lobe of the patient's left cerebral hemisphere. Computerized axial tomography indicated an abnormality consistent with a space-occupying lesion. Craniotomy revealed the presence of a glioblastoma multiforme in the left cerebral hemisphere. Electrodiagnostic evaluation was entirely consistent with the operative finding of widespread involvement of the patient's left parietal lobe. Stroke patients whose conditions deteriorate over time must be serially evaluated in order to determine possible other causes of their symptoms.
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PMID:Glioblastoma multiforme presenting as stroke: an electrophysiological and clinicopathological case report. 22 22

A 42-year-old man developed necrosis of the brainstem 10 months following fast neutron irradiation of a recurrent adenocystic carcinoma of the right submandibular salivary gland. The neoplasm had been diagnosed 15 years earlier. Neck dissection and several local excisions failed to control local extension, so that 7000 rad 4.8 MeV x-rays were administered. The right mandible and part of the tongue and palate were resected for recurrence and chemotherapy and transfer factor were given. Because of cranial neuropathy and erosion of the skull base, fast neutron radiation (2.080 rads) was administered five and one-half years after the x-ray therapy, but to a nonoverlapping field. Ten months later, rapidly progressive symptoms and signs of multiple cranial nerve palsies on the right side and left hemihypesthesia and hemiplegia appeared. Clinical manifestations of brainstem necrosis lasted 4 months. Postmortem examination demonstrated radionecrosis of pons and upper medulla, predominantly on the right side. This case illustrates the efficacy of neutron radiation in eradicating local carcinoma and also the serious complications of this therapeutic modality.
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PMID:Delayed radiation necrosis of brainstem related to fast neutron beam irradiation: case report and literature review. 22 99

The case history is presented of a 17 year-old male admitted with right hemiplegia and motor aphasia. Static and dynamic scintigraphy allowed prediction of a giant aneurysm in the deep left frontotemporal region, and this supposition was confirmed by CT and carotid angiography. CT also revealed the aneurysm to extend farther medially than the other two examinations had indicated, the medial portion of the aneurysm being thrombosed. Evaluation of the diagnostic information obtained from the three procedures, combined with the clinical data, makes possible a reconstruction of the probable course of events. The presenting signs were probably caused by a newly formed thrombus within the aneurysm. Death, which occurred after five days, was apparently due to subarachnoid hemorrhage.
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PMID:Complementary values of static and dynamic scintigraphy, computerized tomography and angiography in the diagnosis of a partially thrombosed giant intracranial aneurysm. 22 82


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