Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0018991 (hemiplegia)
 3,997 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The first case was a 5-year-old girl treated with a total of 6000 rads after total removal of a left temporoparietal tumor extending into the basal ganglia. About 4 years after completion of the radiation therapy, she showed left hemiplegia and deterioration in her level of consciousness. A plain CT scan showed calcification in the region of the bilateral basal ganglia and low density area in the right fronto-parietal region. An enhanced CT revealed gyral enhancements in the pre- and postcentral gyrus of the right hemisphere. Left carotid angiograms showed a narrowing of the horizontal portion and an occlusion of the distal portion of the left anterior cerebral artery. The distal portion of the right anterior cerebral artery was filled through the anterior communicating artery. Right carotid angiograms revealed an occlusion of the terminal portion of the internal carotid artery, retrograde filling of the anterior and middle cerebral arteries by leptomeningeal anastomosis via the posterior cerebral artery, and partial filling of the anterior cerebral artery via the anterior falx artery. Preoperative arteriography did not show occlusion and stenosis of the cerebral arteries. Superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery anastomosis in the right hemisphere was performed. Regional cerebral blood flow measured during operation increased from 34 to 72 ml/100 gr/min due to the surgery. About two weeks after surgery, left hemiplegia disappeared completely. The second case was a 67-year-old man who had received radiotherapy, following surgery of a chromophobe pituitary adenoma. About one year after irradiation he began to complain of gait disturbance and dysarthria.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Therapeutic irradiation of brain tumor and cerebrovasculopathy]. 266 7

The term lacuna or lacunar cavity defines the pathological lesion while the clinical pictures due to lacuna or lacunes are referred to as 'lacunar syndromes'. The lacunar syndromes include: (1) the typical lacunar syndromes or lacunar syndromes proper--pure motor hemiplegia, pure sensory stroke, ataxic hemiparesis including dysarthria and clumsy hand, sensorimotor stroke and abnormal movement syndromes, (2) reversible ischemic attacks (TIA and/or PTIA or RIND), (3) other clinical syndromes which may be due to lacunar lesions such as suprabulbar palsy; lacunar dementia, or subacute arteriosclerotic encephalopathy (or Binswanger's disease). The different clinical pictures are reviewed, some mechanisms underlying the lacunar lesion are briefly discussed and the old label 'small vessel diseases' in cases with lacunes is reconsidered.
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PMID:The lacunar syndromes. 269 95

Fifty-three patients with infarction of the corona radiata adjacent to the body of the lateral ventricle were clinically evaluated in order to determine the clinical characteristics of this infarction and localization of the pyramidal tract in this area, as well as its somatotopy and etiology. Clinical characteristics included the following: (1) this type of infarction was observed in 9.1% of all patients with cerebral infarction; (2) although 81.1% of the patients of this type had clear consciousness and neuropsychological symptoms in some patients; (3) motor paralysis usually occurred in the upper limbs; (4) monoplegia occurred in 13.2% of patients, with monoplegia of upper and lower limbs being associated with infarction of the anterior and posterior portion, respectively, of the corona radiata adjacent to the body of the lateral ventricle; (5) pure motor hemiplegia was observed in 45.3% of patients; (6) facial paralysis and dysarthria were observed in 54.7% and 58.5% of patients, respectively, and the incidence of these symptoms was the highest in the infarction of the anterior portion of the corona radiata; (7) sensory disturbance, which was usually recognized as a mild subjective feeling of abnormality and localized to the limbs, was reported by 47.2% of patients; (8) risk factors included hypertension, diabetes and high hematocrit and triglyceride levels; (9) arteriosclerosis was often noted in areas between the siphon of the internal carotid artery and the main stem of the anterior and middle cerebral arteries; (10) 64.2% of patients were able to conduct independent activities of daily life (ADL) 1 month after the onset of the disease and more marked paralysis remained in the infarction of the middle portion than in the anterior or posterior portion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Clinical characteristics of infarction of the corona radiata adjacent to the body of the lateral ventricle]. 275 54

Migraine headaches that occur in the 15- to 30-year-old age group are well documented. In patients in the stroke age bracket, however, who present with a history of neurologic deficit, transient ischemic attacks can be confused with migraine accompaniments. The typical patient is 50 years old, is without a past history of migraines, and complains of scintillating visual disturbances (20 percent), marching paresthesis (22 percent), or a myriad of neurologic deficits. In one series of 70 neurology patients aged over 55 years, 16 percent reported that they experience the new onset of scintillations. Once fully evaluated, the cause of unexplained marching paresthesias, dysphagia, or hemiplegia, once reserved for thrombotic or embolic phenomena, may be attributed to migraine accompaniments. In the face of a normal evaluation, neurologic deficit in the stroke age bracket may be attributed to migraine accompaniments. A case of a 47-year-old woman with sudden onset of left-sided paresthesia, dysarthria, and confusion is presented. The discussion includes a description of migraine pathophysiology and a review of concepts regarding accompaniments.
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PMID:Late-life migraine accompaniments: a case presentation and literature review. 358 61

A case of cardiac myxoma presenting as metastatic brain tumor are reported. The patient was a 44-year-old man. One year prior to this admission, he had suffered stroke, which was characterized by right hemiparesis and dysarthria. The computed tomographic (= CT) scan of the head at that time showed a low density on the left basal ganglia and the echocardiogram suggested a left atrial myxoma. At surgery, a polypoid myxoma attached to the atrial septum was totally removed. Right hemiparesis was improved and the patient was discharged. A few months later, the patient was evaluated for multiple cutaneous masses and diagnosed by biopsy as metastatic myxoma. The patient's condition remained unchanged until this admission. In March 1985, the patient had a tonic-clonic convulsion marching from right hand and developed right hemiplegia with drowsy. An echocardiogram failed to reveal recurrence of the cardiac myxoma. A CT scan revealed a 5-cm, relatively circumscribed, low density mass in the left fronto-parietal lobe, ring mottled enhancement after contrast administration and more enhancement in the delayed scanning of 45 min. Craniotomy showed a tender, friable tumor with a yellowish cyst fluid, but apparently not invading the brain parenchyma. After complete excision of the mass, there was rapid lessing in the hemiplegia and improvement in the level of consciousness. A contrast-enhancement CT scan performed 2 weeks after craniotomy revealed no evidence of residual tumor. Pathohistological examination showed spindle-shaped and stellate cells which formed clusters and contained large amounts of acid polysaccharides as demonstrated by the alcian blue method.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Cardiac myxoma metastatic to the brain]. 379 Mar 67

A necropsy case of a primary rhabdomyosarcoma with chronic paragonimiasis in the cerebrum of a 68-year-old man is reported. The clinical data showed a right hemiplegia and dysarthria which became lethal in 6 months even though operation and radiation therapy were performed. Computed tomography revealed a large low-density area associated with the peripheral enhancement in the left basal ganglia, and multiple conglomerated calcified masses in the left temporal and occipital lobes. Biopsied and necropsied materials of the tumor in the basal ganglia was reddish brown in color and histologically was composed of purely mesenchymal derivatives with both embryonal and mature striated muscle cells but neither neuronal nor glial elements. Some of the tumor cells with extending slender cytoplasms showed obvious cross striations at the light and electron microscope levels and immunohistochemical reactivity for myoglobin. All tumor cells were also positive for vimentin, but not for glial fibrillary acidic protein. The clinical and necropsy findings revealed no primary lesion anywhere but in the brain. In addition, numerous dead oval eggs of Paragonimus westermani were found in many cystoid lesions encapsulated by thick connective tissues with calcification and/or ossification. Clinicopathological features of 24 cases of primary rhabdomyosarcoma of the central nervous system reported in the literature are reviewed briefly. The histogenesis of this tumor are discussed together with comments on cerebral paragonimiasis.
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PMID:Primary rhabdomyosarcoma combined with chronic paragonimiasis in the cerebrum: a necropsy case and review of the literature. 382 17

A case of dissecting aneurysm of the cervical internal carotid artery due to rare mechanism by non-penetrating injury is described. A 45-year-old right-handed man had complaints of the right lateral neck pain during exercise of KENDO wearing a tight headneck protector. Following sudden dysarthria and left hemiplegia, he developed loss of consciousness and generalized convulsion. Five hours after admission, he became alert and had no neurological deficits. Four days after these episodes, he loss visual acuity of the right eye, and a few days later he showed left hemiplegia, hypotension, hypersomnia and right-sides Horner's syndrome. Right retrograde brachial angiography revealed so-called "string sign" in the right extracranial internal carotid artery and delayed circulation in the right cerebral hemisphere. He was diagnosed as having traumatic dissecting aneurysm due to blunt (rubbing) injury. He was treated with STA-MCA anastomosis 3 weeks after the accident. Usually, carotid dissecting aneurysm due to blunt injury is produced by hyperextension and contralateral rotation of the neck or direct blow to the neck, but our case shows a possible mechanism of rubbing injury such as simple anteroposterior flexion under tight neck fixation.
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PMID:[Carotid dissecting aneurysm due to blunt (rubbing) injury of the Kendo protector]. 395 67

We studied a case of language loss caused by an acquired vascular lesion in the putamen, anterior limb of the internal capsule, and lateral aspect of the head of the caudate nucleus in a 7-year-old right-handed girl. Acute right-sided hemiplegia, mutism, oral apraxia, and disturbance in language comprehension but no dysarthria were present. During recovery, a nonfluent aphasia with anomia was evident. After six months, only mild hemiparesis and minor spelling difficulties persisted. We compared this patient with an 11-year-old right-handed girl with right-sided hemiparesis and dysarthria but no language loss following a lesion in the globus pallidus, a portion of the posterior limb of the internal capsule, and the body of the caudate. The presence of a language disturbance in the first but not the second patient was attributed to the difference in lesion location. The symptoms and lesions were similar to those in recent reports of adult patients. To our knowledge, this is the first report of these findings in a child with a left-hemisphere lesion.
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PMID:Acquired capsular/striatal aphasia in childhood. 619 70

Sequential computed tomography (CT) scans were performed for up to 7 months on patients who presented with clinical evidence of lacunar infarction or ischemia. Sixty-nine percent of the patients showed lacunar infarction, and a negative scan did not suggest a better prognosis in stroke patients. Of patients with transient ischemic attacks (TIA) (lacunar), those with repeated bursts of hemiplegia (capsular warning syndrome) were more likely to be CT-positive (p less than 0.01). The clinical features of patients with lacunar infarction were examined and correlated with the features of infarction. Partial syndromes were found in 32% of the cases and included examples of monoparesis and dysarthria alone.
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PMID:A prospective study of lacunar infarction using computerized tomography. 719 33

The syndrome of primary lateral sclerosis (PLS) has been reported clinically on many occasions. Pathologic confirmation in the modern era, however, has generally been lacking. In a recently reported case of PLS, the disorder was complicated by a pontine infarct. We describe a 65-year-old woman whose illness began with spastic dysarthria, which gradually worsened to the point that 18 months later she could barely utter a sound. Meanwhile, dysphagia, brisk reflexes, and a pseudobulbar affect had developed. Three years after onset she had a spastic contractured right-sided hemiplegia and walked with short shuffling steps. The spasticity slowly progressed, and she died of aspiration pneumonia 3.5 years after the onset of dysarthria. Neuropathologic examination showed bilateral atrophy of the precentral gyri, which microscopically showed a paucity of Betz cells. There was loss of myelin throughout the corticospinal system, yet the anterior-horn cells of the spinal cord and hypoglossal nuclei were well preserved. Intracytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusion bodies, of unknown cause and significance, were observed in occasional motor neurons, one in the hypoglossal nucleus and two in spinal cord anterior horns. Clinically and pathologically, this case meets the criteria for PLS.
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PMID:Primary lateral sclerosis: a case report. 729 6


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